Thermoreversible gels – Optimisation of processing parameters in fused Deposition Modelling

2021 ◽  
Vol 618 ◽  
pp. 126399
Author(s):  
Saumil Sudhir Vadodaria ◽  
Eleanor Warner ◽  
Ian Norton ◽  
Tom B. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Thermoreversible Gels

scholarly journals Fused Deposition Modelling of Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Parametric Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Narongkorn Krajangsawasdi ◽  
Lourens G. Blok ◽  
Ian Hamerton ◽  
Marco L. Longana ◽  
Benjamin K. S. Woods ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Thermoplastic Composite ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Printing Parameters

Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a widely used additive layer manufacturing process that deposits thermoplastic material layer-by-layer to produce complex geometries within a short time. Increasingly, fibres are being used to reinforce thermoplastic filaments to improve mechanical performance. This paper reviews the available literature on fibre reinforced FDM to investigate how the mechanical, physical, and thermal properties of 3D-printed fibre reinforced thermoplastic composite materials are affected by printing parameters (e.g., printing speed, temperature, building principle, etc.) and constitutive materials properties, i.e., polymeric matrices, reinforcements, and additional materials. In particular, the reinforcement fibres are categorized in this review considering the different available types (e.g., carbon, glass, aramid, and natural), and obtainable architectures divided accordingly to the fibre length (nano, short, and continuous). The review attempts to distil the optimum processing parameters that could be deduced from across different studies by presenting graphically the relationship between process parameters and properties. This publication benefits the material developer who is investigating the process parameters to optimize the printing parameters of novel materials or looking for a good constituent combination to produce composite FDM filaments, thus helping to reduce material wastage and experimental time.

scholarly journals 3D Printing of Polymer Waste for Improving People’s Awareness about Marine Litter

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1738
Author(s):  
Francesca Ferrari ◽  
Carola Esposito Corcione ◽  
Francesco Montagna ◽  
Alfonso Maffezzoli
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Polymer Waste ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Difference

This work is aimed at proposing demonstrative actions devoted to show reprocessing and recyclability of PET originating from bottles collected from the seaside, in order to increase the consumer awareness on the importance of recycling plastics. To this purpose, collected bottles were washed, cut, grinded, extruded in the form of a thin wire adopting different cooling rates, which leads to a modulation of the crystallinity content. Once having optimized the processing parameters, the extruded wire was used to produce 3D printed samples through the fused deposition modelling (FDM). The changes in the crystalline structure due to the different processing conditions were assessed by DSC and XRD analyses, while rheological tests were performed in order to evaluate any modification in the viscosity of PET after repeated processing cycles. The reduction in thermal stability was confirmed by TGA analysis, which showed a progressive decrease in the degradation temperature as processing cycles increased. Finally, tensile tests highlighted the difference in the mechanical response due to the predominance of the crystalline or amorphous phase in the tested sample. In particular, a good mechanical behavior was found for the 3D-printed samples.

scholarly journals Feasibility Study: Investigation of Polymer Nano-Composites (PNC) Material for Biomedical Application via Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) Routes

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 267-271
Author(s):  
M. Hashim Rahman ◽  
Mohd Sallehuddin Yusof ◽  
Mohd Halim Irwan Ibrahim ◽  
S.A. Osman
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Laser Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition

Polymer nanocomposites (PNC) have emerged as new materials which can show significantly enhanced mechanical properties over other polymer based materials through the addition of relatively small amounts of nanoscale additives. Rapid prototyping is impacting biomedical in several important ways. This research aims to investigate the potential of using new polymer nanocomposites (PNC) as a raw material for fused deposition modelling machine (FDM). Here, PNCs materials containing a polyamide (PA) and nanoparticles (<5wt%) will be synthesis by mechanical blending using twin extruder compounder to produce 0.85mm diameter of PNC. Dispersion analysis of the nanoparticles in the polymer matrix will be analyzed during the preparation and synthesis process. Futhermore, molecular binding and mixture structure will be investigated by using XPS analysis & Laser Raman Spectroscopy. Material will be characterized for their thermal properties using DSC and processed using FDM, the commercial rapid prototyping (RP) machine. The RP processing parameters will be established and used to produce test specimens to evaluate the mechanical properties of the PNC.

scholarly journals Influence of orientation on mechanical properties in fused deposition modelling

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Suzana Kutnjak-Mravlinčić ◽  
Ana Pilipović ◽  
Damir Godec
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Working Space ◽  
Small Series

In the footwear industry, increasing attention is paid to design-shaped heels. But that design involves production of the complicated geometry, personalised heels (i.g. small series), light weight heels and if possible cheap production. Technology that enables and combines that is additive manufacturing (AM). One of AM low budget technology and machine is fused deposition modeling (FDM). In FDM, product is built layer by layer and with different types and density of inside mesh structures which enables complex geometry and low mass. When walking, the heel is loaded from above with compression force of the person's weight, while lateral, heel is loaded with flexural force and impact. Considering the design of the heel itself, it is necessary to orientate the product correctly in the working space of the machine. Orientation further raises the question of mechanical properties on such produced heel. In this paper it is tested flexural properties of two different orientation considering production of the actual heel. Furthermore, the analysis of the processing parameters (layer thickness, infill density and temperature) have been done to determine their influence on the flexural properties in these two orientations.

Effect of Processing Parameters on Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 919 ◽  
pp. 230-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Maloch ◽  
Eva Hnátková ◽  
Milan Žaludek ◽  
Petr Krátký
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Functional Components

3D printing technology enables the production of functional components in small quantities which can be used as end-use parts. The mechanical properties of the final product define its quality and determine its success or failure in a given application. One at the various additive manufacturing technologies - Fused Deposition Modelling is very often used due to its relatively low cost and the availability of 3D printers and thermoplastic materials. During the process, there are many factors that can affect the mechanical properties of the final product. The temperature of the extrusion nozzle and the layer thickness are two of the basic process parameters. The objective of this work is to investigate the effect of these two processing parameters on the final mechanical properties of the 3D printed samples from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. Mechanical testing includes the tensile and flexural strength, as well as tensile and flexural modulus.

Multi-Criterion Decision Method for Roughness Optimization of Fused Deposition Modelled Parts

2019 ◽  
pp. 235-262
Author(s):  
Azhar Equbal ◽  
Md. Asif Equbal ◽  
Md. Israr Equbal ◽  
Anoop Kumar Sood
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Raster Angle ◽  
Face Centered ◽  
Anderson Darling

Fused deposition modelling is an extrusion-based automated fabrication process for making 3D physical objects from part digital information. The process offers distinct advantages, but the quality of part lacks in surface finish when compared with other liquid or powder based additive manufacturing processes. Considering the important factors affecting the part quality, the chapter attempted to optimize the raster angle, air gap, and raster width to minimize overall part roughness. Experiments are designed using face-centered central composite design and analysis of variance provides the effects of processing parameters on roughness of part. Suitability of developed model is tested using Anderson-darling normality test. Desirability method propose that roughness of different part faces are affected differently with chosen parameters, and thus, hybrid approach of WPCA based TOPSIS is used to break the correlation between part faces and reduce the overall part roughness. Optimizing shows that lower raster angle, lower air gap, and larger raster width minimizes overall part roughness.

Single and Multi-objective Optimization of Processing Parameters for Fused Deposition Modeling in 3D Printing Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 7542-7551 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. H. Nguyen ◽  
T. N. Huynh ◽  
T. P. Nguyen ◽  
T. T. Tran
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Fused Deposition

This paper presents practice and application of Design of Experiment techniques and Genetic Algorithm in single and multi-objective optimization with low cost, robustness, and high effectiveness through 3D printing case studies. 3D printing brings many benefits for engineering design, product development, and production process. However, it faces many challenges related to parameters control. The wrong parameter setup can result in excessive time, high production cost, waste material, and low-quality printing. This study is conducted to optimize the parameter sets for 3D Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) products. The parameter sets, i.e., layer height, infill percentage, printing temperature, printing speed with different levels are experimented and analyzed to build mathematic models. The objectives are to describe the relationship between the inputs (parameter values) and the outputs (printing quality in term of weight, printing time and tensile strength of products). Single-objective and multi-objective models according to user’s desire are constructed and studied to identify the optimal set, optimal trade-off set of parameters. Besides, an integrated method of response surface methodology and Genetic algorithm to deal with multi-objective optimization is discussed in the paper. 3D printer, testing machines, and quality tools are used for doing experiments, measurement and collecting data. Minitab and Matlab software aid for analysis and decision-making. Proposed solutions for handling multi-objective optimization through 3D Fused Deposition Modelling product printing case study are practical and can extend for other case studies.

Evaluation of geometrical benchmark artifacts containing multiple overhang lengths fabricated using material extrusion technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 7296-7308
Author(s):  
Siti Nur Humaira Mazlan ◽  
Aini Zuhra Abdul Kadir ◽  
N. H. A. Ngadiman ◽  
M.R. Alkahari
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Layer Technique ◽  
Subtractive Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Features ◽  
Layer Problem

Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a process of joining materials based on material entrusion technique to produce objects from 3D model using layer-by-layer technique as opposed to subtractive manufacturing. However, many challenges arise in the FDM-printed part such as warping, first layer problem and elephant food that was led to an error in dimensional accuracy of the printed parts especially for the overhanging parts. Hence, in order to investigate the manufacturability of the FDM printed part, various geometrical and manufacturing features were developed using the benchmarking artifacts. Therefore, in this study, new benchmarking artifacts containing multiple overhang lengths were proposed. After the benchmarking artifacts were developed, each of the features were inspected using 3D laser scanner to measure the dimensional accuracy and tolerances. Based on 3D scanned parts, 80% of the fabricated parts were fabricated within ±0.5 mm of dimensional accuracy as compared with the CAD data. In addition, the multiple overhang lengths were also successfully fabricated with a very significant of filament sagging observed.

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