scholarly journals Influence of orientation on mechanical properties in fused deposition modelling

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Suzana Kutnjak-Mravlinčić ◽  
Ana Pilipović ◽  
Damir Godec
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Working Space ◽  
Small Series

In the footwear industry, increasing attention is paid to design-shaped heels. But that design involves production of the complicated geometry, personalised heels (i.g. small series), light weight heels and if possible cheap production. Technology that enables and combines that is additive manufacturing (AM). One of AM low budget technology and machine is fused deposition modeling (FDM). In FDM, product is built layer by layer and with different types and density of inside mesh structures which enables complex geometry and low mass. When walking, the heel is loaded from above with compression force of the person's weight, while lateral, heel is loaded with flexural force and impact. Considering the design of the heel itself, it is necessary to orientate the product correctly in the working space of the machine. Orientation further raises the question of mechanical properties on such produced heel. In this paper it is tested flexural properties of two different orientation considering production of the actual heel. Furthermore, the analysis of the processing parameters (layer thickness, infill density and temperature) have been done to determine their influence on the flexural properties in these two orientations.

scholarly journals Flexural Properties and Fracture Behavior of CF/PEEK in Orthogonal Building Orientation by FDM: Microstructure and Mechanism

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li ◽  
Zhao ◽  
Li ◽  
Yang ◽  
Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Building Orientation ◽  
Cost Effective Method

Fused deposition modeling possesses great advantages in fabricating high performance composites with controllable structural designs. As such, it has attracted attention from medical, automatic, and aerospace fields. In this paper, the influence of short carbon fibers (SCFs) and the orthogonal building orientation on the flexural properties of printed polyether ether ketone (PEEK) composites are systematically studied. The results show that the addition of SCFs raises the uniform nucleation process of PEEK during 3D printing, decreases the layer-to-layer bonding strength, and greatly changes the fracture mode. The flexural strength of vertically printed PEEK and its CF-reinforced composites show strengths that are as high as molded composites. X-ray micro-computed tomography reveals the microstructure of the printed composites and the transformation of pores during bending tests, which provides evidence for the good mechanical properties of the vertically printed composites. The effect of multi-scale factors on the mechanical properties of the composites, such as crystallization in different positions, layer-by-layer bonding, and porosity, provide a successful interpretation of their fracture modes. This work provides a promising and cost-effective method to fabricate 3D printed composites with tailored, orientation-dependent properties.

scholarly journals Fused Deposition Modelling of Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Parametric Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Narongkorn Krajangsawasdi ◽  
Lourens G. Blok ◽  
Ian Hamerton ◽  
Marco L. Longana ◽  
Benjamin K. S. Woods ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Thermoplastic Composite ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Printing Parameters

Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a widely used additive layer manufacturing process that deposits thermoplastic material layer-by-layer to produce complex geometries within a short time. Increasingly, fibres are being used to reinforce thermoplastic filaments to improve mechanical performance. This paper reviews the available literature on fibre reinforced FDM to investigate how the mechanical, physical, and thermal properties of 3D-printed fibre reinforced thermoplastic composite materials are affected by printing parameters (e.g., printing speed, temperature, building principle, etc.) and constitutive materials properties, i.e., polymeric matrices, reinforcements, and additional materials. In particular, the reinforcement fibres are categorized in this review considering the different available types (e.g., carbon, glass, aramid, and natural), and obtainable architectures divided accordingly to the fibre length (nano, short, and continuous). The review attempts to distil the optimum processing parameters that could be deduced from across different studies by presenting graphically the relationship between process parameters and properties. This publication benefits the material developer who is investigating the process parameters to optimize the printing parameters of novel materials or looking for a good constituent combination to produce composite FDM filaments, thus helping to reduce material wastage and experimental time.

Assessing the effect of FDM processing parameters on mechanical properties of PLA parts using Taguchi method

2021 ◽  
pp. 089270572110530
Author(s):  
Nagarjuna Maguluri ◽  
Gamini Suresh ◽  
K Venkata Rao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Fracture Strain ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Nozzle Temperature ◽  
Experimental Runs ◽  
Printing Speed

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a fast-expanding additive manufacturing technique for fabricating various polymer components in engineering and medical applications. The mechanical properties of components printed with the FDM method are influenced by several process parameters. In the current work, the influence of nozzle temperature, infill density, and printing speed on the tensile properties of specimens printed using polylactic acid (PLA) filament was investigated. With an objective to achieve better tensile properties including elastic modulus, tensile strength, and fracture strain; Taguchi L8 array has been used for framing experimental runs, and eight experiments were conducted. The results demonstrate that the nozzle temperature significantly influences the tensile properties of the FDM printed PLA products followed by infill density. The optimum processing parameters were determined for the FDM printed PLA material at a nozzle temperature of 220°C, infill density of 100%, and printing speed of 20 mm/s.

scholarly journals Investigation of a Short Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Polyamide and Comparison of Two Manufacturing Processes: Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) and Polymer Injection Moulding (PIM)

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Verdejo de Toro ◽  
Juana Coello Sobrino ◽  
Alberto Martínez Martínez ◽  
Valentín Miguel Eguía ◽  
Jorge Ayllón Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Injection Moulding ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Polymer Injection ◽  
Fused Deposition

New technologies are offering progressively more effective alternatives to traditional ones. Additive Manufacturing (AM) is gaining importance in fields related to design, manufacturing, engineering and medicine, especially in applications which require complex geometries. Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is framed within AM as a technology in which, due to their layer-by-layer deposition, thermoplastic polymers are used for manufacturing parts with a high degree of accuracy and minimum material waste during the process. The traditional technology corresponding to FDM is Polymer Injection Moulding, in which polymeric pellets are injected by pressure into a mould using the required geometry. The increasing use of PA6 in Additive Manufacturing makes it necessary to study the possibility of replacing certain parts manufactured by injection moulding with those created using FDM. In this work, PA6 was selected due to its higher mechanical properties in comparison with PA12. Moreover, its higher melting point has been a limitation for 3D printing technology, and a further study of composites made of PA6 using 3D printing processes is needed. Nevertheless, analysis of the mechanical response of standardised samples and the influence of the manufacturing process on the polyamide’s mechanical properties needs to be carried out. In this work, a comparative study between the two processes was conducted, and conclusions were drawn from an engineering perspective.

Influence of Built Orientation on Mechanical Properties in Fused Deposition Modeling

2014 ◽  
Vol 592-594 ◽  
pp. 400-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep V. Raut ◽  
Vijaykumar S. Jatti ◽  
T.P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Main Material

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the thirty techniques of rapid prototyping methods that produce prototypes from polymer materials (natural or with different grades). Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is one of the good material among all polymer materials. It is used in the layer by layer manufacturing of the prototype which is in the semi-molten plastic filament form and built up on the platform from bottom to top. In FDM, one of the critical factor is to select the built up orientation of the model since it affects the different areas of the model like main material, support material, built up time, total cost per part and most important the mechanical properties of the part. In view of this, objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of the built-up orientation on the mechanical properties and total cost of the FDM parts. Experiments were carried out on STRATASYS FDM type rapid prototyping machine coupled with CATALYST software and ABS as main material. Tensile and Impact specimens were prepared as per the ASTM standard with different built-up orientation and in three geometrical axes. It can be concluded from the experimental analysis that built orientation has significant affect on the tensile, impact and total cost of the FDM parts. These conclusions will help the design engineers to decide on proper build orientation, so that FDM parts can be fabricated with good mechanical properties at minimum manufacturing cost.

FDM Prototype Experimental Research of Processing Parameter Optimization to Achieve Higher Tensile Stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 220-221 ◽  
pp. 767-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilmars Brensons ◽  
Svetlana Polukoshko ◽  
Andris Silins ◽  
Natalija Mozga
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Prototype ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Processing Parameter ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Fused Deposition

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is one of most common ways of rapidly producing a part. Heated material (most commonly – plastic) is used to extrude it through a nozzle and deposit on a surface layer by layer until the part is fully produced. FDM has become one of the most popular in rapid production area due to its low cost, available materials and versatility.Due to fact that part is made layer by layer and each additional layer is deposited on top of a layer that is already a little below material melting point, part maintains different mechanical properties in various directions. These varying mechanical properties affect the part usability in practical applications. Critical point is tensile strength.The objective of this paper is to research optimal processing parameters for FDM prototyping to improve tensile strength. Several rapid prototype models (tensile test samples) with various geometry of longitudinal reinforcement channels were built. As reinforcing material, the epoxy resin was used, because it has higher tensile strength when solid and allows filling channels with various geometry. All made samples were tested for tensile strength. Experiment was carried out to confirm the effectiveness of this approach. From the results, it is found how different amount of epoxy resin affects part tensile strength.

scholarly journals Parameters Affecting the Mechanical Properties of Three-Dimensional (3D) Printed Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polylactide Composites

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2456
Author(s):  
Demei Lee ◽  
Guan-Yu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Bed Temperature ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Impact

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a manufacturing technology which creates three-dimensional objects layer-by-layer or drop-by-drop with minimal material waste. Despite the fact that 3D printing is a versatile and adaptable process and has advantages in establishing complex and net-shaped structures over conventional manufacturing methods, the challenge remains in identifying the optimal parameters for the 3D printing process. This study investigated the influence of processing parameters on the mechanical properties of Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM)-printed carbon fiber-filled polylactide (CFR-PLA) composites by employing an orthogonal array model. After printing, the tensile and impact strengths of the printed composites were measured, and the effects of different parameters on these strengths were examined. The experimental results indicate that 3D-printed CFR-PLA showed a rougher surface morphology than virgin PLA. For the variables selected in this analysis, bed temperature was identified as the most influential parameter on the tensile strength of CFR-PLA-printed parts, while bed temperature and print orientation were the key parameters affecting the impact strengths of printed composites. The 45° orientation printed parts also showed superior mechanical strengths than the 90° printed parts.

Influence of nozzle temperature and volumetric filling on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed PEEK

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-356
Author(s):  
Danny Vogel ◽  
Volker Weißmann ◽  
Leo Rührmund ◽  
Harald Hansmann ◽  
Rainer Bader
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Bending Properties ◽  
Filling Degree ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
Nozzle Temperature

Abstract Fused deposition modeling is a layer-by-layer 3D printing technology used to additively manufacture polymers. A major benefit of 3D-printed polymers is the option of tailoring their mechanical properties by varying the process parameters. In addition, the present study investigates the influence of the filling degree (50 % or 100 %) and the nozzle temperature during manufacturing on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) material. PEEK samples were built either compact (filling degree 100 %) or closed-cell porous (filling degree 50 %), using three different nozzle temperatures (390 °C, 430 °C and 470 °C). In static bending tests, the bending properties were evaluated and compared with injection molded PEEK samples. Bending strength and modulus increased up to 21.1 %, when the nozzle temperature was increased and up to 40.8 % when the volumetric filling was altered. The results indicate that nozzle temperature and volumetric filling can be altered to tailor the bending properties of 3D-printed PEEK for particular applications. However, the mechanical properties of the 3D-printed samples determined in the current study could not achieve those of the properties of the injection molded PEEK.

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