High-value-added reutilization of resin pyrolytic oil: Pyrolysis process, oil detailed composition, and properties of pyrolytic oil-based composites

The most advantageous way of managing plastics, according to circular economy assumptions, is recycling, i.e., reusing them. There are three types of plastics recycling: mechanical, chemical and energy recycling. The products of the pyrolysis process can be used for both chemical and energy recycling. Possibilities of further use of pyrolysis products depend on their physicochemical parameters. Getting to know these parameters was the aim of the research, some of which are presented in this article. The paper presents the research position for conducting the pyrolysis process and discusses the results of research on pyrolysis products of waste plastics. The process was conducted to obtain the temperature of 425 °C in the pyrolytic chamber. Such a value was chosen on the basis of my own previous research and literature analysis. The focus was on the migration of sulfur and nitrogen, as in some processes these substances may pose a certain problem. Studies have shown high possibilities of migration of these elements in products of pyrolysis process. It has been shown that the migration of sulfur is similar in the case of homogeneous and mixed waste plastics—it immobilizes mainly in pyrolytic oil. Different results were obtained for nitrogen. For homogeneous plastics, nitrogen immobilizes mainly in char and oil, whereas for mixed plastics, nitrogen immobilizes in pyrolytic gas.

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Catalytic gasification of pyrolytic oil from tire pyrolysis process

Chemical Papers ◽

10.2478/s11696-013-0371-3 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 67 (12) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lukáš Gašparovič ◽

Lukáš Šugár ◽

Ľudovít Jelemenský ◽

Jozef Markoš

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Decomposition ◽

Pyrolysis Process ◽

Scrap Tire ◽

Catalytic Gasification ◽

Water Steam ◽

Tar Removal ◽

Gasification Process ◽

Process Gas ◽

Pyrolytic Oil ◽

Positive Effect

AbstractThe present work deals with thermo-catalytic decomposition of pyrolytic oil from the scrap tire pyrolysis process. Such oil can be used as a model tar in an experimental study of tar removal from pyrolysis or gasification process gas. Several experiments under different conditions were carried out in order to determine conditions of the gasification and pyrolysis processes. Influence of the oil to steam ratio, temperature, and of the presence of dolomite catalyst was studied. Addition of water steam has positive effect on the hydrogen content in the outgoing process gas as well as on the conversion of the injected oil. The catalytic gasification experiment in a quasi steady state produced process gas with the composition: 61 mole % of H2, 6.4 mole % of CO, and 11.7 mole % of CH4. At temperatures lower than 800°C, the amount of process gas decreased resulting also in a decrease of the oil conversion. A comparison of gasification experiments using fresh calcined dolomite with experiments proceeding with regenerated dolomite was done under the same conditions. There was a decrease in the process gas volumetric flow when regenerated catalyst was used.

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Experimental Studies on Thermal and Catalytic Slow Pyrolysis of Groundnut Shell to Pyrolytic Oil

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.67 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 787 ◽

pp. 67-71

Author(s):

R.M. Alagu ◽

E. Ganapathy Sundaram

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Fixed Bed Reactor ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Pyrolysis Process ◽

Thermal Pyrolysis ◽

Pyrolytic Oil ◽

Groundnut Shell

Pyrolysis process in a fixed bed reactor was performed to derive pyrolytic oil from groundnut shell. Experiments were conducted with different operating parameters to establish optimum conditions with respect to maximum pyrolytic oil yield. Pyrolysis process was carried out without catalyst (thermal pyrolysis) and with catalyst (catalytic pyrolysis). The Kaolin is used as a catalyst for this study. The maximum pyrolytic oil yield (39%wt) was obtained at 450°C temperature for 1.18- 2.36 mm of particle size and heating rate of 60°C/min. The properties of pyrolytic oil obtained by thermal and catalytic pyrolysis were characterized through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques to identify the functional groups and chemical components present in the pyrolytic oil. The study found that catalytic pyrolysis produce more pyrolytic oil yield and improve the pH value, viscosity and calorific value of the pyrolytic oil as compared to thermal pyrolysis.

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Modelling and experimental investigation of waste tyre pyrolysis process in a laboratory reactor

Chemical and Process Engineering ◽

10.1515/cpe-2017-0034 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 445-454 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Leszek Rudniak ◽

Piotr M. Machniewski

Keyword(s):

Type Equation ◽

Main Reaction ◽

Pyrolysis Process ◽

Exponential Parameter ◽

Ansys Fluent ◽

Noncondensable Gas ◽

Theoretical Predictions ◽

Waste Tyre ◽

Laboratory Reactor ◽

Pyrolytic Oil

Abstract A mathematical model of waste tyre pyrolysis process is developed in this work. Tyre material decomposition based on a simplified reaction mechanism leads to main product lumps: noncondensable (gas), condensable (pyrolytic oil) and solid (char). The model takes into account kinetics of heat and mass transfer in the grain of the shredded rubber material as well as surrounding gas phase. The main reaction routes were modelled as the pseudo-first order reactions with a rate constant calculated from the Arrhenius type equation using literature values of activation energy determined for main tyre constituents based on TG/DTG measurements and tuned pre-exponential parameter values obtained by fitting theoretical predictions to the experimental results obtained in our laboratory reactor. The model was implemented within the CFD software (ANSYS Fluent). The results of numerical simulation of the pyrolysis process revealed non-uniformity of sample’s porosity and temperature. The simulation predictions were in satisfactory agreement with the experimentally measured mass loss of the tyre sample during pyrolysis process investigated in a laboratory reactor.

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Design and Construction of Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis of Waste Coconut Shell for the Isolation of Pyroligneous Acid

KnE Social Sciences ◽

10.18502/kss.v3i18.4745 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ratna Dewi Kusumaningtyas ◽

Haniif Prasetiawan ◽

Widi Astuti ◽

Wara Dyah Pita Rengga ◽

Dimas Rahadian Aji Muhammad

Keyword(s):

Natural Resources ◽

Large Scale ◽

Value Added ◽

Raw Material ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

Research Center ◽

Scale Production ◽

Pyrolysis Process ◽

Biomass Waste ◽

Pyroligneous Acid

As a country with a large amount of natural resources, Indonesia should be able to convert this material into more value added product. However, most of the natural resources were sold as a raw material. Process system engineering research center is one of the solution to overcome this problem by developing an integrated and systematic technology. Through this research center, output of the research can be scaled up for large scale production and also can be commercialized to increase the community welfare. One of natural resources which has not been optimally utilized is waste coconut shell (WCS). Indonesia is the largest coconut producer in the world with areal production of 3.88 ha and 3.2 million ton of coconut products. Several problems arefacedbycoconutagroindustry,i.e.thelackofcoconutbasedproductdiversiﬁcation and also the large number of WCS. WCS is one of organic waste, however it is quite hard to be decomposed by the microorganism due to its hard texture. This problem may gave high potential in the environmental pollution. In this research, WCS is going to be used as a raw material for pyroligneous acid through pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis is a method that is usually used to convert a biomass waste sources into a valuable product through thermal decomposition process without the presence of oxygen. This process will produce solid (char), liquid (bio-oil, tar and pyroligneous acid) and gas. Pyroligneous acid is commonly obtained as a side product from the production of active carbon and to date it has not been utilized economically. In the other hand, pyroligneous acid can be used as an anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-bioﬁlm and also as an anti inﬂammatory. This properties are available due to the presence of organic matter and phenolic compound in the pyroligneous acid. This characteristics showedthatpyroligneousacidishighlypotentialasrawmaterialindrugsandpharmacy industries. Pyrolysis process requires high temperature which has range between 500 – 600 ∘C. In this paper, it will be discussed a pyrolysis equipment design and productionofpyroligneousacidfromWCSbyusingmicrowave-assistedpyrolysis(MAP).

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THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE PYROLYSIS PROCESS OF USED TIRES ON THE QUALITY OF OUTPUT PRODUCTS

Acta Mechanica et Automatica ◽

10.2478/ama-2013-0004 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 20-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Natália Jasminská ◽

Tomáš Brestovič ◽

Mária Čarnogurská

Keyword(s):

Organic Materials ◽

Organic Liquid ◽

Liquid Product ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Solid Residue ◽

Pyrolysis Process ◽

Operational Conditions ◽

Gas Products ◽

Pyrolytic Oil

Abstract Pyrolysis together with gasification and combustion create a group of so called thermic processes. Unlike the combustion it is based on thermic decomposition of organic materials without any access of oxidative media. Within the pyrolytic process, three main fractions are created: solid residue, pyrolytic gas and organic liquid product - pyrolytic oil. The presented article examines the effects of pyrolysis operational conditions (above all, temperature) on gas products, solid residues and liquid fractions.

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Economic, Environmental and Social Benefits of Adoption of Pyrolysis Process of Tires: A Feasible and Ecofriendly Mode to Reduce the Impacts of Scrap Tires in Brazil

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11072076 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 2076 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Geraldo Oliveira Neto ◽

Luiz Chaves ◽

Luiz Pinto ◽

José Santana ◽

Marlene Amorim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Black ◽

Pilot Plant ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Research Work ◽

Steel Scrap ◽

Full Potential ◽

Pyrolysis Process ◽

Scrap Tires ◽

Vacuum Pyrolysis ◽

Pyrolytic Oil

This study addressed the development of a pilot plant for pyrolysis of scrap tires to obtain carbon black and other byproducts. The work was motivated by the goal of contributing to the development and dissemination of knowledge about existing technologies that allow modern economies to transform waste into valuable products, by documenting and discussing an empirical application in Brazil. Thispaper describes the development of a market for steel scrap, pyrolytic oil and carbon black products obtained from a vacuum pyrolysis process. The research work was conducted in Brazil, and was guided by the twofold purpose of reducing the environmental impacts, while gaining economical sustainability. Modern economies increasingly need to devise strategies to address energy generation while preserving natural ecosystems. These strategies include leveraging the use of renewable energy sources. Acknowledging that scrap tires hold an enormous potential as a sustainable energy option, this study aimed to contribute to the development and maturity of eco-friendly processing approaches to realize its full potential. The work involved a preliminary phase concerned with the operation of vacuum pyrolysis of scrap tires at a laboratorial scale, followed by the design of the pilot plant that operated for 10 years, at the time of the study, with a 100 kg/h batch flow. Results show that the yield of the pyrolysis process was 41% pyrolytic oil, 38% carbon black, 12% gas, and 8.9% steel scrap, with a calorific value of 36 MJ/kg per tire. The carbon black was composed of 90% carbon, and the pyrolytic oil was composed of 66% gasoline and 33% other oils, which have higher quality and can be commercialized with a potential profit over 3 million dollars/year.

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Recent Insights into Lignocellulosic Biomass Pyrolysis: A Critical Review on Pretreatment, Characterization, and Products Upgrading

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr8070799 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 799 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Zahra Echresh Zadeh ◽

Ali Abdulkhani ◽

Omar Aboelazayem ◽

Basudeb Saha

Keyword(s):

Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽

Energy Resource ◽

Value Added ◽

Production Yield ◽

Pyrolysis Process ◽

Biomass Pyrolysis ◽

Pyrolysis Mechanism ◽

Phenol Derivatives ◽

Bio Oil ◽

Pretreatment Processes

Pyrolysis process has been considered to be an efficient approach for valorization of lignocellulosic biomass into bio-oil and value-added chemicals. Bio-oil refers to biomass pyrolysis liquid, which contains alkanes, aromatic compounds, phenol derivatives, and small amounts of ketone, ester, ether, amine, and alcohol. Lignocellulosic biomass is a renewable and sustainable energy resource for carbon that is readily available in the environment. This review article provides an outline of the pyrolysis process including pretreatment of biomass, pyrolysis mechanism, and process products upgrading. The pretreatment processes for biomass are reviewed including physical and chemical processes. In addition, the gaps in research and recommendations for improving the pretreatment processes are highlighted. Furthermore, the effect of feedstock characterization, operating parameters, and types of biomass on the performance of the pyrolysis process are explained. Recent progress in the identification of the mechanism of the pyrolysis process is addressed with some recommendations for future work. In addition, the article critically provides insight into process upgrading via several approaches specifically using catalytic upgrading. In spite of the current catalytic achievements of catalytic pyrolysis for providing high-quality bio-oil, the production yield has simultaneously dropped. This article explains the current drawbacks of catalytic approaches while suggesting alternative methodologies that could possibly improve the deoxygenation of bio-oil while maintaining high production yield.

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Plastic Fuel Conversion and Characterisation: A Waste Valorization Potential for Ghana

MRS Advances ◽

10.1557/adv.2020.127 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (26) ◽

pp. 1349-1356

Author(s):

Michael Commeh ◽

David Dodoo-Arhin ◽

Edward Acquaye ◽

Isaiah Nimako Baah ◽

Nene Kwabla Amoatey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liquid Product ◽

Value Added ◽

Product Yield ◽

Waste Valorization ◽

Fuel Conversion ◽

Plastic Materials ◽

Liquid Products ◽

Pyrolysis Reactor ◽

Pyrolytic Oil ◽

Value Added Products

AbstractPlastics generally play a very important role in a plethora of industries, fields and our everyday lives. In spite of their cheapness, availability and important contributions to lives, they however, pose a serious threat to the environment due to their mostly non-biodegradable nature. Recycling into useful products can reduce the amount of plastic waste. Thermal degradation (Pyrolysis) of plastics is becoming an increasingly important recycling method for the conversion of plastic materials into valuable chemicals and oil products. In this work, waste Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) water bottles were thermally converted into useful gaseous and liquid products. A simple pyrolysis reactor system has been used for the conversions with the liquid product yield of 65 % at a temperature range of 400°C to 550°C. The chemical analysis of the pyrolytic oil showed the presence of functional groups such as alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, ethers, carboxylic acids, esters, and phenyl ring substitution bands. The main constituents were 1-Tetradecene, 1-Pentadecene, Cetene, Hexadecane, 1-Heptadecene, Heptadecane, Octadecane, Nonadecane, Eicosane, Tetratetracontane, 1-Undecene, 1-Decene). The results are promising and can be maximized by additional techniques such as hydrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation to obtain value-added products.

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