Feasibility of rice straw as a raw material for the production of soda cellulose pulp

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 1084-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Rodríguez ◽  
Rafael Sánchez ◽  
Ana Requejo ◽  
Ana Ferrer
2021 ◽  
pp. 205-224
Author(s):  
Rushdan Ibrahim ◽  
S.M Sapuan ◽  
R.A Ilyas ◽  
M.S.N. Atikah

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2288
Author(s):  
Ruirui Han ◽  
Yingsen Fang ◽  
Ping Sun ◽  
Kai Xie ◽  
Zhicai Zhai ◽  
...  

In this paper, using rice straw as a raw material and urea as a nitrogen precursor, a composite catalyst (a nitrogen-doped rice straw biochar at the pyrolysis temperature of 800 °C, recorded as NRSBC800) was synthesized by one-step pyrolysis. NRSBC800 was then characterized using XPS, BET, TEM and other technologies, and its catalytic performance as an activator for permonosulfate (PMS) to degrade acid orange 7 (AO7) was studied. The results show that the introduction of N-doping significantly improved the catalytic performance of NRSBC800. The NRSBC800/PMS oxidation system could fully degrade AO7 within 30 min, with the reaction rate constant (2.1 × 10 −1 min−1) being 38 times that of RSBC800 (5.5 × 10−3 min−1). Moreover, NRSBC800 not only had better catalytic performance than traditional metal oxides (Co3O4 and Fe3O4) and carbon nanomaterial (CNT) but also received less impact from environmental water factors (such as anions and humic acids) during the catalytic degradation process. In addition, a quenching test and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) research both indicated that AO7 degradation relied mainly on non-free radical oxidation (primarily singlet oxygen (1O2)). A recycling experiment further demonstrated NRSBC800’s high stability after recycling three times.


Author(s):  
А.В. Вураско ◽  
Е.И. Симонова ◽  
А.Р. Минакова ◽  
Д.Д. Манойлович

Получение доступных сорбентов на основе природных материалов, для визуального колористического определения содержания ионов металлов в загрязненных природных и сточных водах является актуальным направлением исследований. Сорбенты на основе технической целлюлозы удовлетворяют этим требованиям. В работе для получения технической целлюлозы предложено использовать биомассу соломы риса. Для удаления из соломы риса минерального компонента при проведении окислительно-органосольвентной варки используют стадию щелочной обработки, которая приводит к деструкции полисахаридов, снижая выход технической целлюлозы. В связи с этим целью работы является изучение закономерностей проведения щелочной обработки соломы риса для максимального сохранения высокого выхода технической целлюлозы, извлечения минеральной части и возможности применения данной целлюлозы в качестве колористического сорбента. С учетом предварительных исследований найдены оптимальные значения технологических факторов, обеспечивающих высокий выход волокнистого материала из соломы риса при минимальном содержании в нем минеральных компонентов. Последующая органосольвентная варка позволяет получить техническую целлюлозу с выходом – 48,8% от абсолютно сухого сырья (а.с.с), зольностью 0,05% от а.с.с., содержанием лигнина 2,5% от а.с.с., удовлетворительными прочностными характеристиками, высокими сорбционными свойствами, необходимой белизной и рН водной вытяжки. Выявлено, что техническая целлюлоза из соломы риса содержит металлы, накопленные биомассой за вегетативный период. Щелочная обработка и окислительно-органосольвентная делигнификация в большинстве случаев приводят к снижению концентрации металлов в технической целлюлозе. Исключение составляют алюминий, железо и свинец, содержание которых в технической целлюлозе увеличивается. Таким образом, целлюлоза, полученная в оптимальных условиях щелочной обработки и последующей окислительно-органосольвентной варки из соломы риса, с учетом содержащихся в ней металлов, пригодна для использования в качестве сорбента для визуального колористического определения содержания ионов металлов в загрязненных природных и сточных водах. Receive available sorbents based on natural materials for visual color determination of the content of metal ions in contaminated natural and waste waters is a topical area of research. Sorbents on the basis of technical cellulose satisfy these requirements. In the process of obtaining technical cellulose is proposed to use biomass straw rice. Removal of straw rice mineral component when carrying out the oxidation-organosolvent use the cooking stage alkali treatment, which leads to degradation of polysaccharides, reducing the output of technical cellulose. In this regard, the aim of this work is to study the regularities of the alkaline treatment of rice straw for maximum preservation of the high output technical cellulose, extracting the mineral and the possibility of using the cellulose as the colour of the sorbent. Taking into account the preliminary studies, optimal conditions of technological factors were found ensuring a high yield of fibrous material from rice straw with a minimum content of mineral components in it. Subsequent organosolvent pulping yields technical pulp with a yield of 48.8% bone dry raw material (BDRM), an mineral ash content of 0.05% of BDRM, a lignin content of 2.5% of BDRM, satisfactory strength properties, high sorption properties, the necessary whiteness and pH of aqueous extract. It is revealed that the technical cellulose from straw of rice contains metals accumulated biomass during the vegetation period. Alkaline treatment and oxidative-organosolvent the delignification in most cases leads to a decrease of metal concentrations in pulp technical. With the exception of aluminum, iron and lead, the content of which is technical cellulose increases. Thus, cellulose obtained in optimum conditions of alkaline treatment and subsequent oxidation-organosolvent pulping of straw of rice, taking into account the contained metals suitable for use as a sorbent for visual color determination of the content of metal ions in polluted natural and sewage waters.


Holzforschung ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 590-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Jun Pan ◽  
Yoshihiro Sano

Summary Acetic acid lignins from rice straw (RLs), birch (BL) and fir (FL) were chemically characterized by means of elementary analysis, functional groups analysis, alkaline nitrobenzene and permanganate oxidation, Mannich reactivity and other techniques. The results showed that RLs had higher contents of residual polysaccharide and protein, and remarkably fewer acetyl groups than BL and FL. Results of nitrobenzene and permanganate oxidation indicated that RLs were remarkably more condensed than the native lignin in rice straw. In addition, the results of Mannich reactivity showed that RLs were more reactive toward modification than BL and FL, and might be a good raw material for lignin derivatives, such as lignin adhesives and chelating resins.


2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 01010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Maftukhah ◽  
Abdullah Abdullah

Rice straw is one of very abundant waste of agricultural and has not utilized maximally. This waste contain cellulose and potential in the manufacture of cellulase enzymes. Research on the production of cellulase enzyme from lignocellulose has been done a lot of enzyme activity is still low. This research using cellulose is 71.95% and conducted with 6 stages. First, the preparation of raw material. Second, the decrease of lignin content with alkali pretreatment. Third, the breeding of fungi Aspergillus niger ITBCC L74 . Fourth, incubation in the inoculum. Fifth, the production of cellulase enzyme by solid fermentation method. Finally, the analysis includes protein content, enzyme activity, enzyme characterization and kinetics of enzymatic reactions. The highest enzyme activity of this study is 3.12 U/ml and protein content is 0.34 mg/ml with fermentation time is 4 day and water content is 75%. In enzyme characterization obtained optimum pH and temperature are 4 and 60°C, respectively. And obtained paramatic kinetic are Vmax and Km for 40, 50, 60 and 70°C temperature are Vmax: 6.42; 4.7; 5.82 and 4.46 U/ml and Km : 1.32; 0.38; 0.32; and 0.12%, respectively.


2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-542
Author(s):  
Abas Sato ◽  
Arief Widjaja ◽  
Khozin Asror ◽  
Ayu Rahma Emilia

Agricultural waste is abundantly available in Indonesia, including rice straw. The largest components of rice straw are cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, making this material good enough as raw material for production of biogas, bioethanol, and other renewable fuels. The bonds in the cellulose and lignin in rice straw are strong and difficult to degrade which consequently will block the microorganisms to degrade them. In this study, a hydrothermal treatment was performed with the addition of NaOH. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of alkaline hydrothermal treatment on rice straw delignification, cellulose and hemicellulose solubility, the formation of reducing and furfural sugars, as well as the degrees of cellulose crystallinity. The variables used were NaOH concentration of 3%, 5%, and 7% (w/w total solid) and temperature were 100 ℃, 120 ℃, and 140 ℃. Treatment was performed using an autoclave with water and rice straw ratio of 8:1 with heating time for 2 hours. The results of this study showed that hydrothermal and NaOH treatment can increase rice straw organic degradation as indicated by increasing delignification of rice straw and increased levels of watersoluble sugars. The higher the temperature and the NaOH concentration, the more lignin and soluble hemicellulose content. Meanwhile, the reducing sugar increases with increasing temperature and NaOH concentration. Thermal decomposition rate has also occurred at lower temperature. It was found that the highest organic rice straw degradation occurs at higher temperature and NaOH concentration.


2019 ◽  
Vol 964 ◽  
pp. 180-184
Author(s):  
Michael Lianto ◽  
Sulistiyawati Dewi Kiniasih ◽  
Irma Septi Ardiani ◽  
Malik Anjelh Baqiyah ◽  
Vania Mitha Pratiwi

Rice straw waste in Indonesia is abundant and not yet used optimally. The composition of rice straw is 40% cellulose, 30% hemicellulose, 15% silica and 15% lignin so it is potentially to be a raw material of active carbon and supercapasitor electrode. Many efforts has been done to increase the value of capacitance of electrode like increase the surface area with activation and milling process. In this research used the variation of activator substance and the variation of milling velocity, they are H3PO4 450 rpm, H3PO4 600 rpm, and KOH 450 rpm. The purposes of this research are identify and characterize the rice straw charcoal material as nanocarbon and also knowing the nanocarbon quality of rice straw charcoal material as supercapacitor electrode. The methods are carbonization, activation, and solid state reaction. The result of this research shows the value of capacitance at H3PO4 450 rpm, H3PO4 600 rpm, and KOH 450 rpm are 28,96 F/g; 30,89 F/g; dan 19,31 F/g. From this research, we can conclude that activator substance and milling velocity affect the value of capacitance that is produced. The result of SEM-EDX test is comparable with the result of cyclic voltammetry test, the higher number of pores the higher value of capacitances produced.


Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2822
Author(s):  
Antonio M. Borrero-López ◽  
Concepción Valencia ◽  
Alba Blánquez ◽  
Manuel Hernández ◽  
María E. Eugenio ◽  
...  

The replacement of mineral oils and non-renewable gelling agents is an imperative requirement for the lubricant industry in the near future. In this framework, cellulose pulp and castor oil are proposed as sustainable substitutes for these components. Biological treatment has been explored and evaluated to enhance the dispersing and thickening properties of cellulose pulp in oil media. Streptomyces sp. MDG147 and MDG301 strains were employed to modify agricultural wheat and barley straw residues from which cellulose pulp was obtained afterwards. In addition, an environmentally friendly process for the production of cellulose-pulp-/castor-oil-based polyurethanes was applied, in which neither catalysts nor harmful solvents were used, resulting in chemical oleogels. These oleogels were rheologically and tribologically characterized to evaluate their performance as lubricating greases. The enzymatic activity pattern developed was dependent on the raw material, the strain type, and the temperature, influencing the cellulose pulp’s composition, polymerization degree, and crystallinity. These modified characteristics tuned the rheological behavior of the different oleogels, providing a beneficial range of viscoelastic responses and viscosity values that were generally favored by the Streptomyces action. Furthermore, the friction coefficient and dimensions of wear scars measured in a tribological contact were comparable to, or even lower than, those found with commercial and other bio-based lubricating greases that have previously been studied.


2013 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 391-394
Author(s):  
Salim Hiziroglu

Rice straw, jute, coconut fiber, oil palm, bagasse and bamboo are some of agricultural resources that can be used to produce different types of value-added composite panels including particleboard and medium density fiberboard (MDF). Invasive species such as Eastern redcedar in South Western states in the USA would also be considered as viable raw material to manufacture above products. The main objective of this study was to review basic properties of both structural and non-structural panels manufactured from underutilized and agricultural species. Eastern redcedar, bamboo and rice straw were used to manufacture experimental panels. Properties of such samples including bending, internal bond strength, thickness swelling, and surface roughness were evaluated. Panels made 100% bamboo had the best properties among the other samples. Having rice straw in particleboard and medium density fiberboard panels reduced overall properties of the samples. Based on the findings of this work such species could have potential to be used as raw material to manufacture value-added panels with accepted properties.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document