Recent advancements on the sustainable biochar based semiconducting materials for photocatalytic applications: A state of the art review

2021 ◽  
pp. 129899
Author(s):  
Palagiri Bhavani ◽  
Murid Hussain ◽  
Young-Kwon Park
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Semiconducting Materials ◽  
Photocatalytic Applications

scholarly journals Systematic Review on Human Skin-Compatible Wearable Photoplethysmography Sensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2313
Author(s):  
Inho Lee ◽  
Nakkyun Park ◽  
Hanbee Lee ◽  
Chuljin Hwang ◽  
Joo Hee Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Semiconducting Materials ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Monitoring Technologies

The rapid advances in human-friendly and wearable photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors have facilitated the continuous and real-time monitoring of physiological conditions, enabling self-health care without being restricted by location. In this paper, we focus on state-of-the-art skin-compatible PPG sensors and strategies to obtain accurate and stable sensing of biological signals adhered to human skin along with light-absorbing semiconducting materials that are classified as silicone, inorganic, and organic absorbers. The challenges of skin-compatible PPG-based monitoring technologies and their further improvements are also discussed. We expect that such technological developments will accelerate accurate diagnostic evaluation with the aid of the biomedical electronic devices.

scholarly journals Carbon Gels-Modified TiO2: Promising Materials for Photocatalysis Applications

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongge Ma ◽  
Jundan Li ◽  
Anan Liu ◽  
Chuncheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
Porous Structures ◽  
Narrow Pore Size Distribution ◽  
Deep Traps ◽  
Electro Catalysis ◽  
Carbon Gels ◽  
Photocatalytic Applications

Carbon gels are a kind of porous organic polymer, which play pivotal roles in electrode, supercapacitor, hydrogen storage, and catalysis. Carbon gels are commonly prepared by the condensation of resorcinol and formaldehyde. The as-prepared polymers are further aged and sintered at a high temperature in an inert atmosphere to form cross-linked and intertwined porous structures. Owing to its large specific area and narrow pore size distribution, this kind of material is very appropriate for mass transfer, substrate absorption, and product desorption from the pores. In recent years, carbon gels have been discovered to function as effective hybrid materials with TiO2 for photocatalytic applications. They could act as efficient deep-traps for photo-induced holes, which decreases the recombination probability of photo-induced carriers and lengthens their lifetime. In this mini-review, we will discuss the state-of-the-art paragon examples of carbon gels/TiO2 composite materials applied in photo(electro)catalysis. The major challenges and gaps of its application in this field will also be emphasized.

scholarly journals Fabrication of ZnO and TiO2 Nanotubes via Flexible Electro-Spun Nanofibers for Photocatalytic Applications

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1305
Author(s):  
Monica Enculescu ◽  
Andreea Costas ◽  
Alexandru Evanghelidis ◽  
Ionut Enculescu
Keyword(s):  
Tio2 Nanotubes ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Semiconducting Materials ◽  
Polymer Nanofibers ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
Entire Surface ◽  
Calcination Step ◽  
Subsequent Calcination ◽  
Photocatalytic Applications

Web-like architectures of ZnO and TiO2 nanotubes were fabricated based on a three-step process of templating polymer nanofibers produced by electrospinning (step 1). The electrospun polymer nanofibers were covered by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering with thin layers of semiconducting materials (step 2), with FESEM observations proving uniform deposits over their entire surface. ZnO or TiO2 nanotubes were obtained by subsequent calcination (step 3). XRD measurements proved that the nanotubes were of a single crystalline phase (wurtzite for ZnO and anatase for TiO2) and that no other crystalline phases appeared. No other elements were present in the composition of the nanotubes, confirmed by EDX measurements. Reflectance spectra and Tauc plots of Kubelka–Munk functions revealed that the band gaps of the nanotubes were lower than those of the bulk materials (3.05 eV for ZnO and 3.16 eV for TiO2). Photocatalytic performances for the degradation of Rhodamine B showed a large degradation efficiency, even for small quantities of nanotubes (0.5 mg/10 mL dye solution): ~55% for ZnO, and ~95% for TiO2.

Practical Picture Processing

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
T. A. Welton
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Coherence Length ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Coherent Radiation ◽  
The State ◽  
Energy Spread ◽  
Electron Micrograph ◽  
Picture Processing ◽  
Molecular Skeleton

Various authors have emphasized the spatial information resident in an electron micrograph taken with adequately coherent radiation. In view of the completion of at least one such instrument, this opportunity is taken to summarize the state of the art of processing such micrographs. We use the usual symbols for the aberration coefficients, and supplement these with £ and 6 for the transverse coherence length and the fractional energy spread respectively. He also assume a weak, biologically interesting sample, with principal interest lying in the molecular skeleton remaining after obvious hydrogen loss and other radiation damage has occurred.

Electron microscope studies of the plastic deformation of ternary alloys based on GaAs

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1120-1120
Author(s):  
R. Haswell ◽  
U. Bangert ◽  
P. Charsley
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Stacking Faults ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ternary Alloys ◽  
Dislocation Mobility ◽  
Semiconducting Materials ◽  
Micro Indentation

A knowledge of the behaviour of dislocations in semiconducting materials is essential to the understanding of devices which use them . This work is concerned with dislocations in alloys related to the semiconductor GaAs . Previous work on GaAs has shown that microtwinning occurs on one of the <110> rosette arms after indentation in preference to the other . We have shown that the effect of replacing some of the Ga atoms by Al results in microtwinning in both of the rosette arms.In the work to be reported dislocations in specimens of different compositions of Gax Al(1-x) As and Gax In(1-x) As have been studied by using micro indentation on a (001) face at room temperature . A range of electron microscope techniques have been used to investigate the type of dislocations and stacking faults/microtwins in the rosette arms , which are parallel to the [110] and [10] , as a function of composition for both alloys . Under certain conditions microtwinning occurs in both directions . This will be discussed in terms of the dislocation mobility.

A Macintosh Interface for the Cameca Camebax-Micro Electron Microprobe

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 438-439
Author(s):  
Carl E. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Disk Storage ◽  
The Past ◽  
User Facility ◽  
Instrument Control

Over the past few years it has become apparent in our multi-user facility that the computer system and software supplied in 1985 with our CAMECA CAMEBAX-MICRO electron microprobe analyzer has the greatest potential for improvement and updating of any component of the instrument. While the standard CAMECA software running on a DEC PDP-11/23+ computer under the RSX-11M operating system can perform almost any task required of the instrument, the commands are not always intuitive and can be difficult to remember for the casual user (of which our laboratory has many). Given the widespread and growing use of other microcomputers (such as PC’s and Macintoshes) by users of the microprobe, the PDP has become the “oddball” and has also fallen behind the state-of-the-art in terms of processing speed and disk storage capabilities. Upgrade paths within products available from DEC are considered to be too expensive for the benefits received. After using a Macintosh for other tasks in the laboratory, such as instrument use and billing records, word processing, and graphics display, its unique and “friendly” user interface suggested an easier-to-use system for computer control of the electron microprobe automation. Specifically a Macintosh IIx was chosen for its capacity for third-party add-on cards used in instrument control.

Current Issues: Advanced Digital Technology for Supervising Graduate Clinicians

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn Tellis ◽  
Lori Cimino ◽  
Jennifer Alberti
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Clinical Training ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Slow Motion ◽  
Video Capture ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Clinical Supervisors ◽  
Training And Supervision

Abstract The purpose of this article is to provide clinical supervisors with information pertaining to state-of-the-art clinic observation technology. We use a novel video-capture technology, the Landro Play Analyzer, to supervise clinical sessions as well as to train students to improve their clinical skills. We can observe four clinical sessions simultaneously from a central observation center. In addition, speech samples can be analyzed in real-time; saved on a CD, DVD, or flash/jump drive; viewed in slow motion; paused; and analyzed with Microsoft Excel. Procedures for applying the technology for clinical training and supervision will be discussed.

Behavioral Genetics: Concepts for Research and Practice in Language Development and Disorders

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1126-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Gilger
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Behavioral Genetics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Behavioral Genetic ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Future Goals ◽  
Current State ◽  
Research Designs

This paper is an introduction to behavioral genetics for researchers and practioners in language development and disorders. The specific aims are to illustrate some essential concepts and to show how behavioral genetic research can be applied to the language sciences. Past genetic research on language-related traits has tended to focus on simple etiology (i.e., the heritability or familiality of language skills). The current state of the art, however, suggests that great promise lies in addressing more complex questions through behavioral genetic paradigms. In terms of future goals it is suggested that: (a) more behavioral genetic work of all types should be done—including replications and expansions of preliminary studies already in print; (b) work should focus on fine-grained, theory-based phenotypes with research designs that can address complex questions in language development; and (c) work in this area should utilize a variety of samples and methods (e.g., twin and family samples, heritability and segregation analyses, linkage and association tests, etc.).

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