scholarly journals Carbon Gels-Modified TiO2: Promising Materials for Photocatalysis Applications

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongge Ma ◽  
Jundan Li ◽  
Anan Liu ◽  
Chuncheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
Porous Structures ◽  
Narrow Pore Size Distribution ◽  
Deep Traps ◽  
Electro Catalysis ◽  
Carbon Gels ◽  
Photocatalytic Applications

Carbon gels are a kind of porous organic polymer, which play pivotal roles in electrode, supercapacitor, hydrogen storage, and catalysis. Carbon gels are commonly prepared by the condensation of resorcinol and formaldehyde. The as-prepared polymers are further aged and sintered at a high temperature in an inert atmosphere to form cross-linked and intertwined porous structures. Owing to its large specific area and narrow pore size distribution, this kind of material is very appropriate for mass transfer, substrate absorption, and product desorption from the pores. In recent years, carbon gels have been discovered to function as effective hybrid materials with TiO2 for photocatalytic applications. They could act as efficient deep-traps for photo-induced holes, which decreases the recombination probability of photo-induced carriers and lengthens their lifetime. In this mini-review, we will discuss the state-of-the-art paragon examples of carbon gels/TiO2 composite materials applied in photo(electro)catalysis. The major challenges and gaps of its application in this field will also be emphasized.

Optical Absorption Processes in CdSe Nanocrystals Embedded in Silicate Glass and Organic Polymer Matrices Under 7-MeV Electron Irradiation

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 806-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. M. Azhniuk ◽  
A. V. Gomonnai ◽  
V. V. Lopushansky ◽  
I. G. Megela ◽  
A. E. Raevskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Optical Absorption ◽  
Silicate Glass ◽  
Electron Irradiation ◽  
Polymer Matrices ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
Color Centers ◽  
Cdse Nanocrystals ◽  
Deep Traps ◽  
The Matrix

Irradiation-induced bleaching occurs in the spectra of glass-embedded CdSe nanocrystals due to their ionization resulting from charge transfer between them and color centers formed in glass by electron irradiation. No bleaching in the spectra of CdSe nanocrystals encapsulated in gelatine is observed because no deep traps are formed in the matrix under electron irradiation.

scholarly journals Sorption and Textural Properties of Activated Carbon Derived from Charred Beech Wood

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 7604
Author(s):  
Michal Zgrzebnicki ◽  
Agnieszka Kałamaga ◽  
Rafal Wrobel
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Porous Structures ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
High Sorption ◽  
N2 Sorption

The aim of this study was to prepare activated carbon materials with different porous structures. For this purpose, the biomass precursor, beech wood, was carbonized in an inert atmosphere, and the obtained charcoal was physically activated using carbon dioxide at 1273 K. Different porous structures were obtained by controlling the time of the activation process. Prepared materials were characterized in terms of textural (N2 sorption at 77 K), structural (XRD), and sorption properties (CO2, C2H4, C4H10). The shortest activation time resulted in a mostly microporous structure, which provided a high sorption of CO2. Increasing the activation time led to an increasing of the pores’ diameters. Therefore, the highest ethene uptake was obtained for the material with an intermediate activation time, while the highest butane uptake was obtained for the material with the highest activation time.

Porous organic polymer material supported palladium nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (34) ◽  
pp. 17360-17391
Author(s):  
Rao Tao ◽  
Xiangran Ma ◽  
Xinlei Wei ◽  
Yinghua Jin ◽  
Li Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Material ◽  
Palladium Nanoparticles ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
Porous Organic Polymers ◽  
Porous Organic Polymer ◽  
Supported Palladium ◽  
Directed Growth ◽  
Catalytic Applications

The state-of-the-art strategies for the directed growth and immobilization of palladium nanoparticles using porous organic polymers as supports are reviewed, with their catalytic applications discussed.

Sol-Gel Processing by Organic Polymer Addition for Silica Antireflective Coatings

2011 ◽  
Vol 211-212 ◽  
pp. 780-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Min Jin ◽  
Ding Zhen Li ◽  
Yan Tao ◽  
Xiang Ju Han
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Precursor Solution ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
Porous Structures ◽  
Antireflective Coatings ◽  
Polymer Addition ◽  
Antireflective Film ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Gel Processing

Based on TEOS system and sol-gel process together with catalysts and organic polymer, the microstructure of SiO2 film is controlled. The films are characterized by ellipsometer and SEM respectively. The experimental results show an antireflective film produced by incorporation of organic polymer in the precursor solution is a more effective method of effect the uniformly porous structures of SiO2 thin film on the glass substrate.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Nanoporous Anodic Alumina: Principles, Engineering, and Applications

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 430
Author(s):  
Jakub T. Domagalski ◽  
Elisabet Xifre-Perez ◽  
Lluis F. Marsal
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Anodic Alumina ◽  
Porous Structures ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Fabrication Technology ◽  
Nanoporous Anodic Alumina ◽  
Current State ◽  
Current Perspective ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Nanofabrication Technique

The development of aluminum anodization technology features many stages. With the story stretching for almost a century, rather straightforward—from current perspective—technology, raised into an iconic nanofabrication technique. The intrinsic properties of alumina porous structures constitute the vast utility in distinct fields. Nanoporous anodic alumina can be a starting point for: Templates, photonic structures, membranes, drug delivery platforms or nanoparticles, and more. Current state of the art would not be possible without decades of consecutive findings, during which, step by step, the technique was more understood. This review aims at providing an update regarding recent discoveries—improvements in the fabrication technology, a deeper understanding of the process, and a practical application of the material—providing a narrative supported with a proper background.

Improvement of Mesopore Structure of Resorcinol and Formaldehyde Carbon Cryogels by Acid Solution

2008 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 529-532
Author(s):  
K. Kraiwattanawong ◽  
P. Kitchaiya ◽  
Arthit Neramittagapong ◽  
P. Praserthdam ◽  
H. Tamon
Keyword(s):  
Acid Solution ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Large Pore ◽  
Small Pore ◽  
Carbon Gels ◽  
Mesopore Structure

Resorcinol and formaldehyde (RF) carbon cryogels are prepared by sol-gel polycondensation by using sodium carbonate (C) as a catalyst with water (W) as solvent, immersed in acid solution, hydrochloric acid (HCl), dried by freeze-drying technique and then carbonized under inert atmosphere, respectively. Compared with their carbon precursors, both Vmes and mesopore size distributions of all carbon cryogels can be developed since the pore shrinkage is the crucial role in the change of pore structure of carbon gels. HCl may promote the strength of small pore structure and increase the pore shrinkage of large pore structure. Consequently, the treatment of HCl does not only enhance the partial collapse of large pore structure, the treatment also increases the strength of small pore structure to inhibit the shrinkage of this structure during carbonization as well.

Maintenance 4.0

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Alberto Martinetti ◽  
Micaela Demichela ◽  
Sarbjeet Singh ◽  
Gonçalo Matias Soares ◽  
João Castro Silva
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Smart System ◽  
Self Learning

Aiming to remain competitive, companies from diverse industries are paying more attention to Industry 4.0 concept and its benefits. Maintenance is seen as a specific area of action to successfully sustain a competitive leverage, and its fusion with Industry 4.0 is perceived to revolutionize the whole maintenance concept. Maintenance 4.0 emerges as a subset of Industry 4.0 in the form of self-learning and smart system that predicts failures, makes diagnoses, and establishes maintenance actions. This chapter presents a systematic literature review (SLR) on Maintenance 4.0, with the aim of outlining the current achievements as well as limitations of maintenance meeting Industry 4.0 demands. The analysis included 90 papers selected as being the most suitable to reach the proposed goal. A state of the art on Maintenance 4.0 is performed, followed by an analysis ambitioning the delineation of what future holds on this topic.

scholarly journals Biologically Derived Gels for the Cleaning of Historical and Artistic Metal Heritage

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3405
Author(s):  
Arianna Passaretti ◽  
Luana Cuvillier ◽  
Giorgia Sciutto ◽  
Elodie Guilminot ◽  
Edith Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
New Products ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Metallic Surfaces ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Common Practices ◽  
The Common ◽  
Gel Formulations

In the general global rise of attention and research to seek greener attitudes, the field of cultural heritage (CH) makes no exception. In the last decades, an increasing number of sustainable and biologically based solutions have been proposed for the protection and care of artworks. Additionally, the safety of the target artwork and the operator must be kept as core goals. Within this scenario, new products and treatments should be explored and implemented in the common conservation praxes. Therefore, this review addressing metal heritage is aimed to report biologically derived gel formulations already proposed for this specific area as reliable tools for cleaning. Promising bio-gel-based protocols, still to be implemented in metal conservation, are also presented to promote their investigation by stakeholders in metal conservation. After an opening overview on the common practices for cleaning metallic surfaces in CH, the focus will be moved onto the potentialities of gel-alternatives and in particular of ones with a biological origin. In more detail, we displayed water-gels (i.e., hydrogels) and solvent-gels (i.e., organogels) together with particular attention to bio-solvents. The discussion is closed in light of the state-of-the-art and future perspectives.

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