Effect of polyherbal microemulsion on Staphylococcus epidermidis: Formulation development, CCD based optimization, characterization, and antibacterial activity by scanning electron microscopy

Infections associated with the use of intravascular devices have been documented and have been reported to be related to duration of catheter usage. Recently, Eaton et al. reported that Staphylococcus epidermidis may attach to silastic catheters used in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) treatment. The following study presents findings using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of S. epidermidis adherence to silastic catheters in an in vitro model. In addition, sections of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) dialysis bags were also evaluated by SEM.The S. epidermidis strain RP62A which had been obtained in a previous outbreak of coagulase-negative staphylococcal sepsis at local hospitals was used in these experiments. The strain produced surface slime on exposure to glucose, whereas a nonadherent variant RP62A-NA, which was also used in these studies, failed to produce slime. Strains were grown overnight on blood agar plates at 37°C, harvested from the surface and resuspended in sterile saline (0.85%), centrifuged (3,000 rpm for 10 minutes) and then washed twice in 0.1 M phosphate-buffered saline at pH 7.0. Organisms were resuspended at a concentration of ca. 106 CFU/ml in: a) sterile unused dianeal at 4.25% dextrose, b) sterile unused dianeal at 1.5% dextrose, c) sterile used dialysate previously containing 4.25% dextrose taken from a CAPD patient, and d) sterile used dialysate previously containing 1.5% dextrose taken from a CAPD patient.

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A Review on Enhancing the Antibacterial Activity of ZnO: Mechanisms and Microscopic Investigation

Nanoscale Research Letters ◽

10.1186/s11671-020-03418-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Buzuayehu Abebe ◽

Enyew Amare Zereffa ◽

Aschalew Tadesse ◽

H. C. Ananda Murthy

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Field Emission ◽

Volume Ratio ◽

Electronic Configuration ◽

Microscopic Investigation ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Active Materials ◽

Scanning Electron

Abstract Metal oxide nanomaterials are one of the preferences as antibacterial active materials. Due to its distinctive electronic configuration and suitable properties, ZnO is one of the novel antibacterial active materials. Nowadays, researchers are making a serious effort to improve the antibacterial activities of ZnO by forming a composite with the same/different bandgap semiconductor materials and doping of ions. Applying capping agents such as polymers and plant extract that control the morphology and size of the nanomaterials and optimizing different conditions also enhance the antibacterial activity. Forming a nanocomposite and doping reduces the electron/hole recombination, increases the surface area to volume ratio, and also improves the stability towards dissolution and corrosion. The release of antimicrobial ions, electrostatic interaction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generations are the crucial antibacterial activity mechanism. This review also presents a detailed discussion of the antibacterial activity improvement of ZnO by forming a composite, doping, and optimizing different conditions. The morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy, field emission-scanning electron microscopy, field-emission transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and confocal microscopy can confirm the antibacterial activity and also supports for developing a satisfactory mechanism. Graphical abstract Graphical abstract showing the metal oxides antibacterial mechanism and the fluorescence and scanning electron microscopic images.

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Antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in water and air

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201824300017 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 243 ◽

pp. 00017 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Daria Goncharova ◽

Ekaterina Gavrilenko ◽

Anna Nemoykina ◽

Valery Svetlichnyi

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Laser Ablation ◽

Zno Nanoparticles ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Pulsed Laser ◽

Pulsed Laser Ablation ◽

Composition And Structure ◽

Scanning Electron

The paper studies physicochemical and antibacterial properties of ZnO nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in water and air. Their composition and structure were studied by X-ray diffraction, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles was examined by its affection on Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus). The dependence of nanoparticles’ physical and chemical antibacterial properties on the conditions of the ablation was shown. The model materials for the antibacterial bandage were made of cotton, filter paper and biodegradable polymer scaffolds (poly-l-lactide acid), and then they were coated with the obtained ZnO nanoparticles. The model bandage materials were examined by the scanning electron microscopy method and their antibacterial activity (ISO 20743:2013) was determined. High activity of all the samples against S.aureus was proved.

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Preparation and study on the optical, mechanical, and antibacterial properties of polylactic acid/ZnO/TiO2 shared nanocomposites

Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting ◽

10.1177/8756087919900365 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 285-311

Author(s):

Ali Tajdari ◽

Amir Babaei ◽

Alireza Goudarzi ◽

Razie Partovi

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Mechanical Properties ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Optical Properties ◽

Polylactic Acid ◽

Field Emission ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Hydrolytic Degradation ◽

Scanning Electron

In this research, first, ZnO nanorods were synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized in terms of morphological and structural properties by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and X-ray diffraction techniques. Subsequently, polylactic acid/ZnO, polylactic acid/TiO2, and polylactic acid/ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposites with different percentages of nanoparticles and two different types of ZnO morphologies were prepared and their microstructural, optical, mechanical, hydrolytic degradation, and antibacterial properties were investigated. Field emission scanning electron microscopy results of polylactic acid/ZnO and polylactic acid/TiO2 samples showed a proper dispersion and nanoparticle distribution for low percentages (up to 5 wt%) and increased aggregation for the higher percentages. Besides, a large increase in the aggregation tendency was observed for combined nanoparticles (polylactic acid/ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposites). Results of the tensile test, the UV–Vis absorption tests, and the hydrolytic degradation tests of the samples showed an enhanced mechanical (approximately 55% increase in the presence of 3–5 wt% of nanoparticles) and light absorption and degradation (approximately 85% increase in the presence of 3–10 wt% of nanoparticles) for the polylactic acid by incorporating nanoparticles. It was also observed that, in addition to the quality of dispersion and distribution of nanoparticles in the polymeric matrix, the type of morphology of nanoparticles can contribute to the improvement of these properties. The cylindrical morphology of ZnO played a greater role on improving the polylactic acid mechanical properties compared to the spherical ZnO morphology (approximately 20%). On the contrary, the increased polylactic acid optical properties and degradation with ZnO spherical morphology were more pronounced (approximately 60%). Interestingly, when both ZnO and TiO2 were added, a synergistic effect in the case of UV-shielding and degradation rate and alternatively, a detrimental effect on the mechanical properties were detected. (The polylactic acid optical properties increased by about 17% and its degradation more than doubled.) Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of polylactic acid was investigated against the two Gram-positive Listeria monocytogenes and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli by incorporating nanoparticles. The results indicated that as the nanoparticle percentage increases, the antibacterial activity steadily increases.

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Antibacterial ativity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro

The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.30539/iraqijvm.v41i1.81 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 60-65

Author(s):

Ahmad N. A. Salih ◽

Mohammad J. Eesa

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Silver Sulfadiazine ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Olive Leaves ◽

Scanning Electron

This study was conducted for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using olive leaves aqueous extract and evaluate its antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro. The synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by Ultra Violet Visible – spectrophotometer and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Well diffusion method was used to show the antibacterial action of silver nanoparticles against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro in comparison with standard antibacterial silver sulfadiazine by using different concentrations of each agent ranged from 12.5-200 μg/ml. The results of this study showed it possible to produce silver nanoparticles in eco-friendly and easy process and UV-Visible absorption spectra of the silver nanoparticles revealed maximum absorbance at 420 and 430 nm. The Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis demonstrated the mean of the silver particles diameter was 26 nm. The antibacterial findings of the synthesized silver nanoparticles against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro showed that the silver nanoparticles were more effective than silver sulfadiazine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It could be concluded that olive leaves extract can be used effectively in the production of silver nanoparticles and these synthesized nanoparticles had considerable antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro.

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Antibacterial and Bonding Properties of Universal Adhesive Dental Polymers Doped with Pyrogallol

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13101538 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 1538

Author(s):

Naji Kharouf ◽

Ammar Eid ◽

Louis Hardan ◽

Rim Bourgi ◽

Youri Arntz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Bond Strength ◽

The Other ◽

Adhesive Systems ◽

Universal Adhesive ◽

Bonding Properties ◽

Morphological Differences ◽

Scanning Electron

This study investigated the antibacterial activity, bond strength to dentin (SBS), and ultra-morphology of the polymer–dentin interface of experimental adhesive systems doped with pyrogallol (PY), which is a ubiquitous phenolic moiety that is present in flavonoids and polyphenols. A universal adhesive containing 4-META and 10-MDP was used in this study. PY behaves as an antioxidant and anti-cancerogenic agent and it was incorporated into the adhesive at different concentrations (0.5 and 1 wt.%). The antibacterial activity and SBS were analyzed and the results were statistically analyzed. The ultra-morphology of the polymer–dentin interface was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). At 24 h, a lower antibacterial activity was observed for the control adhesive compared to those with 0.5% and 1% PY. No difference was seen in SBS between the three groups at 24 h. After 6 months, the SBS of the 0.5% PY adhesive was significantly lower than the other tested adhesives. The specimens created with 1% PY adhesive presented a higher bond strength at six months compared with that found at 24 h. No morphological differences were found at the polymer–dentin interfaces of the tested adhesives. Pyrogallol may be incorporated into modern universal adhesive systems to preserve the polymer–dentin bonding interface and confer a certain degree of antibacterial activity.

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Electrospun VDF-TeFE Scaffolds Modified by Copper and Titanium in Magnetron Plasma and Their Antibacterial Activity against MRSA

Technologies ◽

10.3390/technologies9010005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Arsalan D. Badaraev ◽

Marat I. Lerner ◽

Dmitrii V. Sidelev ◽

Evgeny N. Bolbasov ◽

Sergei I. Tverdokhlebov

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Tissue Engineering ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Vinylidene Fluoride ◽

Fiber Diameter ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Argon Atmosphere ◽

Copolymer Solution ◽

Scanning Electron

Copolymer solution of vinylidene fluoride with tetrafluoroethylene (VDF-TeFE) was used for electrospinning of fluoropolymer scaffolds. Magnetron co-sputtering of titanium and copper targets in the argon atmosphere was used for VDF-TeFE scaffolds modification. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that scaffolds have a nonwoven structure with mean fiber diameter 0.77 ± 0.40 μm, mean porosity 58 ± 7%. The wetting angle of the original (unmodified) hydrophobic fluoropolymer scaffold after modification by titanium begins to possess hydrophilic properties. VDF-TeFE scaffold modification by titanium/copper leads to the appearance of strong antibacterial properties. The obtained fluoropolymer samples can be successfully used in tissue engineering.

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SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI NANOPARTIKEL CuFe2O4 SERTA APLIKASINYA SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI

CHEMISTRY PROGRESS ◽

10.35799/cp.12.2.2019.27929 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Almendo G. Lasera ◽

Henry Aritonang ◽

Harry Koleangan

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

E Coli ◽

Activity Test ◽

Sem Imaging ◽

Scanning Electron

ABSTRAKNanopartikel CuFe2O4 disintesis menggunakan metode kopresipitasi. Material yang telah disintesis, kemudian dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) dan Xray-Diffraction (XRD) serta di uji aktifitasnya sebagai antibakteri dengan menggunakan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positif) dan Escherichia coli (Gram negatif). Hasil citra SEM memperlihatkan morfologi nanopartikel CuFe2O4 berbentuk persegi yang tidak beraturan. Difraktogram XRD menunjukkan bahwa ukuran sampel CuFe2O4 yang diperoleh adalah sebesar 20,136 nm. Uji aktifitas antibakteri yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa, nanopartikel CuFe2O4 jauh lebih baik dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri E. coli dibandingkan dengan bakteri S.aureus, masing-masing 24 mm dan 6,5 mm. ABSTRACTCuFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized using the coprecipitation method. The synthesized material was then characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Xray-Difraction (XRD) and tested as antibacterial activity using Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram negative) bacteria. SEM imaging showed morphology of CuFe2O4 nanoparticles shaped like a rod. XRD diffractogram showed that the size of CuFe2O4 nanoparticles that obtained at 20.13 nm. The antibacterial activity test that has been done shows, CuFe2O4 nanoparticles are much better in inhibiting the growth of E. coli bacteria compared with S. aureus bacteria, 24 mm and 6,5 respertivelly.

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Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using marine macroalgae Padina sp. and its antibacterial activity towards pathogenic bacteria

Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences ◽

10.1186/s43088-019-0031-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Prakash Bhuyar ◽

Mohd Hasbi Ab. Rahim ◽

Sathyavathi Sundararaju ◽

Rameshprabu Ramaraj ◽

Gaanty Pragas Maniam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Marine Algae ◽

Marine Alga ◽

Ag Nps ◽

X Ray ◽

Uv Visible ◽

Scanning Electron

Abstract Background Marine algae used as a food source for ocean life and range in color from red to green to brown grow along rocky shorelines around the world. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles by marine alga Padina sp. and its characterization were fulfilled by using UV-visible spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results UV-visible absorption spectrum revealed that the formation of Ag nanoparticles was increased by the addition of marine algae and the spectral peak observed between a wavelength of ~ 420 nm and 445 nm. In addition, SEM and FESEM images examined the surface morphology and the size of the synthesized NPs was relatively uniform in size ~ 25–60 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis confirmed the purity of Ag NPs with atomic percentage of 48.34% Ag. The synthesized Ag NPs showed highly potent antibacterial activity. The Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were found to be more susceptible to silver nanoparticles by forming 15.17 ± 0.58 mm and 13.33 ± 0.76 mm of diameter of the inhibition zone, respectively. Conclusions The study suggested that marine alga Padina sp. could be an alternative source for the production of Ag nanoparticles and are efficient antimicrobial compounds against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria which can be a promising material against infectious bacteria.

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In vitro study of antimicrobial and cell viability on newly synthesized bioglass-based bone grafts: Effects of selenium and silver additions

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part H Journal of Engineering in Medicine ◽

10.1177/0954411918797968 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 232 (10) ◽

pp. 1039-1047

Author(s):

B Aksakal ◽

M Demirel

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Fourier Transform ◽

Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Cell Viability ◽

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Fourier Transform Infrared ◽

E Coli ◽

Scanning Electron

Selenium (Se)- and Silver (Ag)-doped Bioglass®-based biografts were synthesized using the sol–gel method. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analyses were carried out in order to examine mechanostructure of synthesized bioglass-based bioceramics. The effects of Se and Ag additions on cell viability were investigated via cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity analysis, respectively. The bacteria of Escherichia coli ( E. coli, JM103) and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus, ATCC29293) were used to perform the antibacterial tests. Moreover, cell viability studies were conducted using the Saos-2 osteoblast cells by performing dimethylthiazol diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. It was observed that while (PO4)3− and (CO3)2− peaks were observed in Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses, crystallinity also increased with increasing amount of AgNO3 addition into the Bioglass®. In addition, it was determined from scanning electron microscopy images that small irregular thin lamellar grain distribution was formed in synthesized B45Ag5Se20 and B30Ag10Se15 biografts. From antibacterial activity tests, it was determined that while some grafts was affected by E. coli, which is a Gram-negative, however, some did not affect the Gram-positive S. aureus and had antimicrobial activity on E. coli and S. aureus. According to the cell viability tests, it was found that the synthesized grafts did not have toxic effect on living cells. While the cell growth was greater for some grafts, however, some others had lower growth.

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