Agricultural waste-derived biochars from co-hydrothermal gasification of rice husk and chicken manure and their adsorption performance for dimethoate

The utilisation of rice husk ash (RHA) as an aluminosilicate source in fire-resistant coating could reduce environmental pollution and can turn agricultural waste into industrial wealth. The overall objective of this research is to develop a rice-husk-ash-based geopolymer binder (GB) fire-retardant additive (FR) for alkyd paint. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to design the experiments work, on the ratio of RHA-based GB to alkyd paint. The microstructure behaviour and material characterisation of the coating samples were studied through SEM analysis. The optimal RHA-based GB FR additive was formulated at 50% wt. FR and 82.628% wt. paint. This formulation showed the result of 270 s to reach 200 °C and 276 °C temperature at equilibrium for thermal properties. Furthermore, it was observed that the increased contents of RHA showed an increment in terms of the total and open porosities and rough surfaces, in which the number of pores on the coating surface plays an important role in the formation of the intumescent char layer. By developing the optimum RHA-based GB to paint formulation, the coating may potentially improve building fire safety through passive fire protection.

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Sustainable Panels Made with Industrial and Agricultural Waste: Thermal and Environmental Critical Analysis of the Experimental Results

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11020494 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 494

Author(s):

Paola Ricciardi ◽

Elisa Belloni ◽

Francesca Merli ◽

Cinzia Buratti

Keyword(s):

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Embodied Energy ◽

Waste Materials ◽

Impact Reduction ◽

Combined Solution ◽

Order Of Magnitude ◽

Recycled Waste

Recycled waste materials obtained from industrial and agricultural processes are becoming promising thermal and acoustic insulating solutions in building applications; their use can play an important role in the environmental impact reduction. The aim of the present paper is the evaluation of the thermal performance of recycled waste panels consisting of cork scraps, rice husk, coffee chaff, and end-life granulated tires, glued in different weight ratios and pressed. Six panels obtained from the mixing of these waste materials were fabricated and analyzed. In particular, the scope is the selection of the best compromise solutions from the thermal and environmental points of view. To this aim, thermal resistances were measured in laboratory and a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis was carried out for each panel; a cross-comparative examination was performed in order to optimize their properties and find the best panels solutions to be assembled in the future. Life Cycle Analysis was carried out in terms of primary Embodied Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions, considering a ‘‘cradle-to-gate” approach. The obtained thermal conductivities varied in the 0.055 to 0.135 W/mK range, in the same order of magnitude of many traditional systems. The best thermal results were obtained for the panels made of granulated cork, rice husk, and coffee chaff in this order. The rubber granulate showed higher values of the thermal conductivity (about 0.15 W/mK); a very interesting combined solution was the panel composed of cork (60%), rice husk (20%), and coffee chaff (20%), with a thermal conductivity of 0.08 W/mK and a Global Warming Potential of only 2.6 kg CO2eq/m2. Considering the Embodied Energy (CED), the best solution is a panel composed of 56% of cork and 44% of coffee chaff (minimum CED and thermal conductivity).

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Development of Ternary Concrete Utilizing Agricultural Waste Material

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1107515/v1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Sunita Kumari ◽

Dhirendra Singhal ◽

Rinku Walia ◽

Ajay Rathee

Keyword(s):

Rice Husk ◽

Rice Husk Ash ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Concrete Mix ◽

Maize Cob

Abstract The present project proposes to utilize rice husk and maize cob husk ash in the cement to mitigate the adverse impact of cement on environment and to enhance the disposal of waste in a sustainable manner. Ternary concrete / MR concrete was prepared by using rise husk and maize cob ash with cement. For the present project, five concrete mixes MR-0 (Control mix), MR-1 (Rice husk ash 10% and MR-2.5%), MR-2 (Rice husk ash 10% and MR-5%), MR-3 (Rice husk ash 10% and MR-2.5%), MR-4 (Rice husk ash 10% and MR-2.5%) were prepared. M35 concrete mix was designed as per IS 10262:2009 for low slump values 0-25mm. The purpose is to find the optimum replacement level of cement in M35 grade ternary concrete for I – Shaped paver blocks.In order to study the effects of these additions, micro-structural and structural properties test of concretes have been conducted. The crystalline properties of control mix and modified concrete are analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscope (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The results indicated that 10% Rice husk ash and 5% maize cob ash replaced with cement produce a desirable quality of ternary concrete mix having good compressive strength. The results of SEM analysis indicated that the morphology of both concrete were different, showing porous structure at 7 days age and become unsymmetrical with the addition of ashes. After 28 day age, the control mix contained more quantity of ettringite and became denser than ternary concrete. XRD analysis revealed the presence of portlandite in large quantity in controlled mix concrete while MR concrete had the partially hydrated particle of alite.

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Empirical Equilibrium Study on Rice Husk and Eggshells as Low Cost Bioadsorbent for the Methylene Blue Removal

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.699.221 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 699 ◽

pp. 221-226

Author(s):

Nurul Hanim Razak ◽

Md. Razali Ayob ◽

M.A.M. Zainin ◽

M.Z. Hilwa

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Low Cost ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Textile Wastewater ◽

Blue Dye ◽

Rice Husks ◽

Equilibrium Study ◽

Porosity Characterization

Eggshells and rice husk, two types of notable agricultural waste were used as bioadsorbent to remove Methylene Blue dye (MBD) in aqueous solution. This study was to investigate the performance of these two bioadsorbents in removing MBD. The removal percentage, adsorption capacity, and porosity characterization were examined. The method applied was a physical filtration. UV-VIS Spectrophotometer was used to determine the efficiency of the bioadsorbents in MBD adsorption. The highest removal percentage at the most concentrated MBD were 51% and 98% for eggshells and rice husks respectively. Meanwhile the characterization of rice husks pore size and volume proves that higher adsorptivity towards dye compares to eggshells porosity. It was concluded that the eggshells and rice husks bioadsorbents was successful to treat industrial textile wastewater with rice husks as the most efficient bioadsorbent in removing MBD.

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A Study on Absorption Coefficient of Sustainable Acoustic Panels from Rice Husks and Sugarcane Baggase

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1113.198 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1113 ◽

pp. 198-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Farrah Zuhaira Ismail ◽

Mohamad Nidzam Rahmat ◽

Norishahaini M. Ishak

Keyword(s):

Absorption Coefficient ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Sound Absorption ◽

Phenol Formaldehyde ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Rice Husks ◽

Porosity Level ◽

Agriculture Waste ◽

Single Piece ◽

Sound Reduction

Noise has detrimental effects on human lives and it is a nuisance to the environment. As many of the available sound reduction materials in the current market are hazardous, there are demands for alternative sustainable materials to reduce the noise problem. Therefore, the aim of this research is to study the potential of using an agricultural waste as sound absorption panel. For the purpose of this study, the combination of two materials was under studied; rice husks and sugarcane baggase. There were two main objective of the research; first is to develop absorption panels from the combination of rice husks and sugarcane baggase at different percentage of mixture. Second objective is to identify the absorption rate of the panels. The study encompasses the fabrication of the sustainable sound panels using the rice husk and sugarcane fibre and bond using Phenol formaldehyde (PF). Five panels of sized 12 inch x 12 inch and 12 mm thick were fabricated. The absorption coefficient of the samples was done at the acoustic lab, Faculty of Engineering & Build Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi. The panels were tested using an impedance tube. The procedure of the test was carried out in accordance with ISO 10534-2:1998 standards. Based on the results, sample 1 gave the highest absorption coefficient compared to sample 2, 3, 4 and 5. It can be concluded that the acoustic panel made from a mixture of 100% rice husks had higher absorption co-efficient compared to the performance of the other samples given the fact that the characteristic of the rice husks which has air gap in every single piece of rice husk. The spongy properties of the sample 1 panel has created many void spaces which encouraged more sound absorption capability due to the porous surface of the panel. Sound absorption is very much affected by the availability of porosity level of the panel. Thus, further studies on other potential materials from waste should be conducted.Keywords. Noise, Agriculture waste, sound, absorption panels, absorption co-efficient

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Pemanfaatan Pelepah Sawit dan Kotoran Ayam Ras untuk Pembuatan Pupuk Bokashi pada Kelompok Wanita Tani Padang Baru Babatan, Seluma, Bengkulu

Abdihaz: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian pada Masyarakat ◽

10.32663/abdihaz.v3i1.1717 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 16

Author(s):

Nurlianti Nurlianti ◽

Prihanani Prihanani

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Family Income ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Lecture Demonstration ◽

Farmer Groups ◽

Chicken Waste ◽

Palm Fronds

The Utilization of Oil Palm Midrib-leaf and Chicken Manure for Making Bokashi Fertilizer in the Women's Farmers Group Padang Baru Babatan, Seluma, Bengkulu The purpose of the community service program is to utilize agricultural waste, namely oil palm midrib-leaf and chicken manure which are often found in this Babatan Village, Sukaraja Subdistrict, Seluma Regency, Bengkulu. In addition, this program was aimed to increase knowledge and skill to produce bokashi fertilizer with raw materials found around them. The methods used were lecture, demonstration plots, and mentoring. The results of the activity were the increasing of family income by making bokashi utilizing waste raw materials around their lives, namely bokashi made from palm fronds and broiler chicken waste that is ready to be sold. In limited quantities, they have been able to sell their products to meet the needs of other farmer groups or the general public in need.

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Karakterisasi Bionanofiller Dari Limbah Padi Sebagai Alternatif Penguatan Pada Polimer Komposit

Jurnal Serambi Engineering ◽

10.32672/jse.v3i2.717 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Eryani . ◽

Sri Aprilia ◽

Farid Mulana

Keyword(s):

Rice Straw ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Rice Husk Ash ◽

Particle Density ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Silica Content ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Agricultural Produce ◽

Mechanical Properties Characterization

<p>Agricultural waste such as rice straw, rice husk and rice husk ash have not been utilized properly. This waste of agricultural produce can actually be used as an alternative to bionanofiller because it contains an excellent source of silica. The silica content contained in the rice waste when combined with the polymer matrix can produce composites having high thermal and mechanical properties. Characterization of bionanofiller from this rice waste is done by SEM, XRF, FTIR, XRD and particle density. The result of SEM analysis from this rice waste is feasible to be used as filler because it has size 1 μm. Likewise with the results of XRF analysis that rice waste contains a high enough silica component that is 80.6255% - 89.83%. FTIR test results also show that bionanoparticles from rice waste have the same content of silica. In the XRD analysis the best selective gain of rice waste is found in rice husk ash which is characteristic of amorp silica at a range of 2ϴ = 22<br />. The largest density analysis of paddy waste was found in rice husk 0.0419 gr / cm , followed by rice straw by of 0.0417 gr / cm 3 and rice hulk ash 0.0407 g / cm 3</p>

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Synthesis and characterization of rice husk biochar via hydrothermal carbonization for wastewater treatment and biofuel production

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-75936-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nazia Hossain ◽

Sabzoi Nizamuddin ◽

Gregory Griffin ◽

Periasamy Selvakannan ◽

Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rice Husk ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Value Added ◽

Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽

Catalytic Performance ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Suspension Stability ◽

Waste Biomass ◽

Suitable Material ◽

Rice Husk Biochar

Abstract The recent implication of circular economy in Australia spurred the demand for waste material utilization for value-added product generations on a commercial scale. Therefore, this experimental study emphasized on agricultural waste biomass, rice husk (RH) as potential feedstock to produce valuable products. Rice husk biochar (RB) was obtained at temperature: 180 °C, pressure: 70 bar, reaction time: 20 min with water via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), and the obtained biochar yield was 57.9%. Enhancement of zeta potential value from − 30.1 to − 10.6 mV in RB presented the higher suspension stability, and improvement of surface area and porosity in RB demonstrated the wastewater adsorption capacity. Along with that, an increase of crystallinity in RB, 60.5%, also indicates the enhancement of the catalytic performance of the material significantly more favorable to improve the adsorption efficiency of transitional compounds. In contrast, an increase of the atomic O/C ratio in RB, 0.51 delineated high breakdown of the cellulosic component, which is favorable for biofuel purpose. 13.98% SiO2 reduction in RB confirmed ash content minimization and better quality of fuel properties. Therefore, the rice husk biochar through HTC can be considered a suitable material for further application to treat wastewater and generate bioenergy.

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Use of Water Glass from Rice Husk and Bagasse Ashes in the Preparation of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.798.364 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 798 ◽

pp. 364-369 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Khemmakorn Gomonsirisuk ◽

Parjaree Thavorniti

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Ball Mill ◽

Water Glass ◽

Rice Husk Ash ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Preparation Process

The aim of this work is to study the feasibility of preparation of fly ash based geopolymer using sodium water glass from agricultural waste as alternative activators. Rice husk ash and bagasse ash were used as raw materials for producing sodium water glass solution. The sodium water glass were produced by mixing rice husk ash and bagasse ash with NaOH in ball mill and boiling. The prepared sodium water glass were analyzed and used in geopolymer preparation process. The geopolymer paste were prepared by adding the obtained water glass and NaOH with fly ash. After cured at ambient temperature for 7 days, mechanical properties were investigated. Bonding and phases of the geopolymer were also characterized. The geopolymer from rice husk ash presented highest compressive strength about 23 MPa while the greatest for bagasse ash was about 16 MPa.

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