Assessment of SM2RAIN derived and IMERG based Precipitation Products for Hydrological Simulation

Abstract. Quantifying the impact of land use on water supply and quality is a primary focus of environmental management. In this work we apply a semidistributed hydrological model (SWAT) to predict the impact of different land management practices on water and agricultural chemical yield over a long period of time for a study site situated in the Arborea region of central Sardinia, Italy. The physical processes associated with water movement, crop growth, and nutrient cycling are directly modeled by SWAT. The model simulations are used to identify indicators that reflect critical processes related to the integrity and sustainability of the ecosystem. Specifically we focus on stream quality and quantity indicators associated with anthropogenic and natural sources of pollution. A multicriteria decision support system is then used to develop the analysis matrix where water quality and quantity indicators for the rivers, lagoons, and soil are combined with socio-economic variables. The DSS is used to assess four options involving alternative watersheds designated for intensive agriculture and dairy farming and the use or not of treated wastewater for irrigation. Our analysis suggests that of the four options, the most widely acceptable consists in the transfer of intensive agricultural practices to the larger watershed, which is less vulnerable, in tandem with wastewater reuse, which rates highly due to water scarcity in this region of the Mediterranean. More generally, the work demonstrates how both qualitative and quantitative methods and information can assist decision making in complex settings.

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Error Correction of Multi-Source Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation (MSWEP) over the Lancang-Mekong River Basin

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13020312 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 312

Author(s):

Xiongpeng Tang ◽

Jianyun Zhang ◽

Guoqing Wang ◽

Gebdang Biangbalbe Ruben ◽

Zhenxin Bao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Error Correction ◽

River Basin ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Mekong River ◽

Precipitation Data ◽

Climate Data ◽

Hydrological Simulation ◽

Mekong River Basin ◽

Precipitation Estimation ◽

Simulation Results

The demand for accurate long-term precipitation data is increasing, especially in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin (LMRB), where ground-based data are mostly unavailable and inaccessible in a timely manner. Remote sensing and reanalysis quantitative precipitation products provide unprecedented observations to support water-related research, but these products are inevitably subject to errors. In this study, we propose a novel error correction framework that combines products from various institutions. The NASA Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (AgMERRA), the Asian Precipitation Highly-Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation of Water Resources (APHRODITE), the Climate Hazards group InfraRed Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS), the Multi-Source Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation Version 1.0 (MSWEP), and the Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks-Climate Data Records (PERSIANN) were used. Ground-based precipitation data from 1998 to 2007 were used to select precipitation products for correction, and the remaining 1979–1997 and 2008–2014 observe data were used for validation. The resulting precipitation products MSWEP-QM derived from quantile mapping (QM) and MSWEP-LS derived from linear scaling (LS) are evaluated by statistical indicators and hydrological simulation across the LMRB. Results show that the MSWEP-QM and MSWEP-LS can better capture major annual precipitation centers, have excellent simulation results, and reduce the mean BIAS and mean absolute BIAS at most gauges across the LMRB. The two corrected products presented in this study constitute improved climatological precipitation data sources, both time and space, outperforming the five raw gridded precipitation products. Among the two corrected products, in terms of mean BIAS, MSWEP-LS was slightly better than MSWEP-QM at grid-scale, point scale, and regional scale, and it also had better simulation results at all stations except Strung Treng. During the validation period, the average absolute value BIAS of MSWEP-LS and MSWEP-QM decreased by 3.51% and 3.4%, respectively. Therefore, we recommend that MSWEP-LS be used for water-related scientific research in the LMRB.

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Hydrological simulation using multi-sources precipitation estimates in the Huaihe River Basin

Arabian Journal of Geosciences ◽

10.1007/s12517-021-08254-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (18) ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Ilyas Abro ◽

Dehua Zhu ◽

Ehsan Elahi ◽

Asghar Ali Majidano ◽

Bhai Khan Solangi

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Huaihe River Basin ◽

Huaihe River ◽

Hydrological Simulation ◽

Precipitation Estimates ◽

The Huaihe River

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Development of an open-source software package for watershed modeling with the Hydrological Simulation Program in Fortran

Environmental Modelling & Software ◽

10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.02.018 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 68 ◽

pp. 166-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

D.J. Lampert ◽

M. Wu

Keyword(s):

Open Source ◽

Open Source Software ◽

Software Package ◽

Watershed Modeling ◽

Simulation Program ◽

Hydrological Simulation ◽

Open Source Software Package

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Impact of climate change on water availability in Tropical Andean catchments: a case study in the Vilcanota catchment, Peru

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-10292 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Selina Meier ◽

Randy Munoz ◽

Christian Huggel

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Water Management ◽

Water Demand ◽

Climate Models ◽

Local Population ◽

Time Step ◽

Glacier Surface ◽

Hydrological Simulation ◽

Sustainable Water Management ◽

Monthly Runoff

Water scarcity is increasingly becoming a problem in many regions of the world. On the one hand, this can be attributed to changes in precipitation conditions due to climate change. On the other hand, this is also due to population growth and changes in consumer behaviour. In this study, an analysis is carried out for the highly glaciated Vilcanota River catchment (9808 km2 &#8211; 1.2% glacier area) in the Cusco region (Peru). Possible climatic and socioeconomic scenarios up to 2050 were developed including the interests from different water sectors, i.e. agriculture, domestic and energy.The analysis consists of the hydrological simulation at a monthly time step from September 2043 to August 2050 using a simple glacio-hydrological model. For historic conditions (1990 to 2006) a combination of gridded data (PISCO precipitation) and weather stations was used. Future scenario simulations were based on three different climate models for both RCP 2.6 and 8.5. Different glacier outlines were used to simulate changes in glacier surface through the time for both historic (from satellite data) and future (from existing literature) scenarios. Furthermore, future water demand simulations were based on the SSP1 and SSP3 scenarios.Results from all scenarios suggest an average monthly runoff of about 130 m3/s for the Vilcanota catchment between 2043 and 2050. This represents a change of about +5% compared to the historical monthly runoff of about 123 m3/s. The reason for the increase in runoff is related to the precipitation data from the selected climate models. However, an average monthly deficit of up to 50 m3/s was estimated between April and November with a peak in September. The seasonal deficit is related to the seasonal change in precipitation, while the water demand seems to have a less important influence.Due to the great uncertainty of the modelling and changes in the socioeconomic situation, the data should be continuously updated. In order to construct a locally sustainable water management system, the modelling needs to be further downscaled to the different subcatchments in the Vilcanota catchment. To address the projected water deficit, a new dam could partially compensate for the decreasing storage capacity of the melting glaciers. However, the construction of the dam could meet resistance from the local population if they cannot be promised and communicated multiple uses of the new dam. Sustainable water management requires the cooperation of all stakeholders and all stakeholders should be able to benefit from it so that they will support future projects.

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Hydrologic sensitivity of the Upper San Joaquin River Watershed in California to climate change scenarios

Hydrology Research ◽

10.2166/nh.2012.441 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 723-736 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Zili He ◽

Zhi Wang ◽

C. John Suen ◽

Xiaoyi Ma

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Sierra Nevada ◽

Climate Change Scenarios ◽

Intergovernmental Panel ◽

Hydrological Simulation ◽

River Watershed ◽

System Sensitivity ◽

Hspf Model ◽

San Joaquin River ◽

San Joaquin River Watershed

To examine the hydrological system sensitivity of the southern Sierra Nevada Mountains of California to climate change scenarios (CCS), five headwater basins in the snow-dominated Upper San Joaquin River Watershed (USJRW) were selected for hydrologic simulations using the Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF) model. A pre-specified set of CCS as projected by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) were adopted as inputs for the hydrologic analysis. These scenarios include temperature increases between 1.5 and 4.5 °C and precipitation variation between 80 and 120% of the baseline conditions. The HSPF model was calibrated and validated with measured historical data. It was then used to simulate the hydrologic responses of the watershed to the projected CCS. Results indicate that the streamflow of USJRW is sensitive to the projected climate change. The total volume of annual streamflow would vary between −41 and +16% compared to the baseline years (1970–1990). Even if the precipitation remains unchanged, the total annual flow would still decrease by 8–23% due to temperature increases. A larger portion of the streamflow would occur earlier in the water year by 15–46 days due to the temperature increases, causing higher seasonal variability of streamflow.

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Influence of Precipitation Forcing Uncertainty on Hydrological Simulations with the NASA South Asia Land Data Assimilation System

Hydrology ◽

10.3390/hydrology5040057 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 57 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Debjani Ghatak ◽

Benjamin Zaitchik ◽

Sujay Kumar ◽

Mir A. Matin ◽

Birendra Bajracharya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Asia ◽

Hydrological Simulation ◽

Meteorological Forcing ◽

In Situ Data ◽

Precipitation Estimates ◽

Land Data Assimilation ◽

Land Data Assimilation System ◽

Data Assimilation System ◽

Assimilation System

: Accurate meteorological estimates are critical for process-based hydrological simulation and prediction. This presents a significant challenge in mountainous Asia where in situ meteorological stations are limited and major river basins cross international borders. In this context, remotely sensed and model-derived meteorological estimates are often necessary inputs for distributed hydrological analysis. However, these datasets are difficult to evaluate on account of limited access to ground data. In this case, the implications of uncertainty associated with precipitation forcing for hydrological simulations is explored by driving the South Asia Land Data Assimilation System (South Asia LDAS) using a range of meteorological forcing products. MERRA2, GDAS, and CHIRPS produce a wide range of estimates for rainfall, which causes a widespread simulated streamflow and evapotranspiration. A combination of satellite-derived and limited in situ data are applied to evaluate model simulations and, by extension, to constrain the estimates of precipitation. The results show that available gridded precipitation estimates based on in situ data may systematically underestimate precipitation in mountainous regions and that performance of gridded satellite-derived or modeled precipitation estimates varies systematically across the region. Since no station-based data or product including station data is satisfactory everywhere, our results suggest that the evaluation of the hydrological simulation of streamflow and ET can be used as an indirect evaluation of precipitation forcing based on ground-based products or in-situ data. South Asia LDAS produces reasonable evapotranspiration and streamflow when forced with appropriate meteorological forcing and the choice of meteorological forcing should be made based on the geographical location as well as on the purpose of the simulations.

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An Integration of GIS and Simulation Models for a Cost Benefit Analysis of Irrigation Development

Sustainable Agriculture Research ◽

10.5539/sar.v5n4p58 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 58

Author(s):

Monika Ghimire ◽

Art Stoecker ◽

Tracy A. Boyer ◽

Hiren Bhavsar ◽

Jeffrey Vitale

Keyword(s):

Water Conservation ◽

Net Present Value ◽

Cost Benefit Analysis ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Simulation Models ◽

Irrigation Scheduling ◽

Yield Response ◽

Hydrological Simulation ◽

Irrigation Development

This study incorporates spatially explicit geographic information system and simulation models to develop an optimal irrigation system. The purpose of the optimized irrigation system was to save depleted ground water supplies. ArcGIS was used to calculate the area of potential irrigable soils, and EPANET (a hydrological simulation program) was used to calculate energy costs. Crop yield response functions were used to estimate the yield of cotton to the amount of irrigation and the accumulation of soil salinity over a 50-year period. Four irrigation designs (A, B, C, and D) were analyzed with different irrigation schedules.Design A allowed all producers to irrigate simultaneously at 600 gallons per minute (gpm) or 2,271 liters per minute (lpm) while designs B and C divided the irrigable areas into two parts. Design D divided the areas into four parts to allow producers to irrigate one part at a time at 800 gpm (3,028 lpm). Irrigation scheduling not only lessened the water use and cost, but also amplified the profitability of the irrigation system. In design A, if all producers adopted 600 gpm (2,271 lpm) pivots and operated simultaneously, the cost of the 360,000 gpm (1363,000 lpm) pipeline would be prohibitive. In contrast, designs B, C, and D increased net benefits and lowered the breakeven price of cotton. The 50-year net present value for designs A, B, C, and D was profitable over 75, 70, 70, and 65 cents of cotton price per pound (454 g), respectively. Thus, this study endorses irrigation scheduling as a tool for efficient irrigation development and management, and increases water conservation.

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