scholarly journals Sensitivity to hydrogen induced cracking, and corrosion performance of an API X65 pipeline steel in H2S containing environment: influence of heat treatment and its subsequent microstructural changes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.H. Mousavi Anijdan ◽  
Gh. Arab ◽  
M. Sabzi ◽  
M. Sadeghi ◽  
A.R. Eivani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Pipeline Steel ◽  
Corrosion Performance ◽  
Microstructural Changes ◽  
Hydrogen Induced Cracking ◽  
Environment Influence

Effect of copper incorporation on phase transformation behavior of electroless nickel–phosphorous coating and its effect on the tribological behavior

2020 ◽  
pp. 146442072098160
Author(s):  
Abhijit Biswas ◽  
Suman Kalyan Das ◽  
Prasanta Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Electroless Nickel ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Microstructural Changes ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Effect Of Copper

The microstructural changes of electroless Ni–P–Cu coating at various heat-treatment conditions are investigated to understand its implications on the tribological behavior of the coating. Coatings are heat-treated at temperatures ranging between 200°C and 800 °C and for 1–4 h duration. Ni–P–Cu coatings exhibit two-phase transformations in the temperature range of 350–450 °C and the resulting microstructural changes are found to significantly affect their thermal stability and tribological attributes. Hardness of the coating doubles when heat-treated at 452 °C, due to the formation of harder Ni3P phase and crystalline NiCu. Better friction and wear performance are also noted upon heat treatment of the coating at the phase transformation regime, particularly at 400 °C. Wear mechanism is characterized by a mixed adhesive cum abrasive wear phenomena. Heat treatment at higher temperature (600 °C and above) and longer duration (4 h) results in grain coarsening phenomenon, which negatively influences the hardness and tribological characteristics of the coating. Besides, diffusion of iron from the ferrous substrate as well as greater oxide formation are noticed when the coating is heat-treated at higher temperatures and for longer durations (4 h).

Effect of Ferrite Volume Fraction on Mechanical Properties of X80 Pipeline Steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 212-215
Author(s):  
J. Liu ◽  
G. Zhu ◽  
W. Mao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Work Hardening ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Pipeline Steel ◽  
X80 Pipeline Steel ◽  
Hardening Behavior ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Better Than

The effect of volume fraction of ferrite on the mechanical properties including strength, plasticity and wok hardening was systematically investigated in X80 pipeline steel in order to improve the plasticity. The microstructures with different volume fraction of ferrite and bainite were obtained by heat-treatment processing and the mechanical properties were tested. The work hardening behavior was analyzed by C-J method. The results show that the small amount of ferrite could effectively improve the plasticity. The work hardening ability and the ratio of yield/tensile strength with two phases of ferrite/bainite would be obviously better than that with single phase of bainite. The improvement of plasticity could be attributed to the ferrite in which more plastic deformation was afforded.

Crystallographic Texture Control Helps Improve Pipeline Steel Resistance to Hydrogen-Induced Cracking

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Venegas ◽  
O. Herrera ◽  
F. Caleyo ◽  
J. M. Hallen ◽  
T. Baudin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Crystallographic Texture ◽  
Pipeline Steel ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Warm Rolling ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Steel Rolling ◽  
Hydrogen Induced Cracking

Low-carbon steel specimens, all within API (American Petroleum Institute) specifications, were produced following different thermomechanical paths. After austenization, the samples were rolled and recrystallized. The rolling process was carried out using different reduction-in-thickness degrees and finishing temperatures. The investigated steels showed similar microstructural features but differed considerably in their crystallographic textures and grain boundary distributions. After cathodic hydrogen charging, hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) was detected in the hot-rolled recrystallized steels, whereas the cold and warm-rolled recrystallized steels proved resistant to this damage. Among the investigated specimens, the HIC-stricken show either the strongest {001}ND texture fiber, the smallest fraction of low-angle grain boundaries, or the weakest {111}ND (γ) texture fiber ({hkl}ND representing crystallographic orientations with {hkl} planes parallel to the steel rolling plane). In contrast, the HIC-resistant steels show the weakest {001}ND texture fiber, the largest fraction of low-angle grain boundaries, and the strongest γ fiber. These results support the hypothesis of this and previous works, that crystallographic texture control, through warm rolling schedules, helps improve pipeline steel resistance to hydrogen-induced cracking.

Understanding the influences of pre-corrosion on the erosion-corrosion performance of pipeline steel

Wear ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 442-443 ◽  
pp. 203151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunze Xu ◽  
Liang Liu ◽  
Qipiao Zhou ◽  
Xiaona Wang ◽  
Yi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Pipeline Steel ◽  
Corrosion Performance ◽  
Erosion Corrosion

scholarly journals Research on hydrogen-induced cracking behavior of normalized pipeline steel

2018 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 01027
Author(s):  
Hai Zhang ◽  
Shaopo Li ◽  
Wenhua Ding ◽  
Ning Hao
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Corrosion Test ◽  
Pipeline Steel ◽  
Plate Thickness ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Propagation Path ◽  
Cracking Behavior ◽  
Hydrogen Induced Cracking ◽  
Sulfide Corrosion ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide Corrosion

Hydrogen sulfide corrosion test was used to test the hydrogen-induced cracking sensitivity of the normalized BNS pipeline steel. The microstructure and morphology of hydrogen induced crack(HIC) of the normalized BNS pipeline steel after hydrogen sulfide corrosion test were observed with optical microscopy(OM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Combined with electron probe microanalyzer(EPMA) and hardness test, the hydrogen-induced cracking behavior of BNS pipeline steel was studied from the aspects of microstructure, crack morphology, center segregation and harness. The results showed that the pearlite band with high hardness caused by center segregation of C and Mn was the main crack initiation and propagation path for the long-size and linear shape hydrogen induced crack at the center of plate thickness, and the type of crack propagation was transgranular. Some tiny hydrogen induced crack nucleated from the small calcium-aluminate inclusion and the tiny hydrogen induced crack would not propagate to form long-size cracks with no suitable propagation path existing around the inclusion.

Guidelines for Production of API Pipelines Steels Suitable for Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC) Service Applications

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas G. Stalheim ◽  
Bernhard Hoh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Pipeline Steel ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Corrosion Mechanism ◽  
Pipeline Steels ◽  
Hydrogen Induced Cracking ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Sour Service

Worldwide oil and natural gas reserves can be classified as either sweet or sour service. The sour service classified oil and natural gas reserves contain some level of H2S making the product flowing through a steel pipeline corrosive. Due to this, the majority of the oil and natural gas reserves that have been drilled are of the sweet service nature. However as demand continues and supplies change, many of the remaining oil and natural gas reserves contain the H2S component and are of a sour service nature. These oil and natural gas reserves containing the H2S component through a corrosion mechanism will allow for diatomic hydrogen — in the presence of moisture — to disseminate to monatomic hydrogen and diffuse into the pipeline steel microstructure. Depending on the microstructure and level of cleanliness the monatomic hydrogen can become trapped at areas of high residual stress, recollect to diatomic hydrogen and creating partial pressures that exceed the tensile strength of the steel resulting in cracking. Therefore transmission pipelines are being built to transport sour service oil or natural gas requires steels with hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) resistance. Alloy designs, steel making processing, continuous casting, plate or strip rolling, pipe forming, and last not least corrosion testing are all key components in producing pipeline steels that are resistant to HIC applications and meeting the NACE TM0284 specifications. However, producing steels that have good HIC performance do not necessarily meet other mechanical property requirements such as strength and YT ratios. Balance has to be achieved to meet not only the HIC requirements but the other required mechanical properties. Mastering this complex HIC process poses a serious challenge to pipe producers and their primary material suppliers. The capability of producing HIC steel grades according to critical specifications and/or standards clearly distinguishes excellent steel producers from good steel makers. This paper will discuss the basics of the hydrogen induced cracking phenomenon, the requirements of the NACE TM0284 specification and give guidelines for steel production of API pipeline steels that not only can meet the specification requirements the NACE testing but also fulfill the other mechanical property requirements.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document