scholarly journals Practical approaches to achieving real-world study data representative of the target population

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. A207
Author(s):  
E. Gemmen ◽  
L. Parmenter ◽  
A.B. Mendelsohn
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Data Representative

scholarly journals STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT AND NATURE OF PROCUREMENT PROCESS IN THE UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATION STABILIZATION MISSION IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO (MONUSCO) ENTEBBE SUPPORT BASE

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-81
Author(s):  
Gatta Ouyabaka Marius
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Descriptive Case Study ◽  
Procurement Process ◽  
The Right ◽  
Procurement Planning

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the nature of procurement process followed by MONUSCO and the involvement of stakeholders in this process.Methodology: The study employed a descriptive case study design. The target population comprised of 261 employees of MONUSCO Entebbe Support Base holding international, United Nations Volunteers (UNV) and National contracts. Random and purposive sampling techniques were specifically used to select samples for this study. Data was collected using questionnaires and interview guides. The quantitative data collected was further analysed using SPSS for descriptive and inferential statistics while the qualitative data was analysed using content analysis.Findings: The study findings showed that there is procurement planning in most MONUSCO sections; that funds are available before planning; that staff are involved in procurement planning in their respective sections; and that procurement planning contributes to achieve the maximum value for expenditures on goods/services and works to be delivered at MONUSCO sections. The study found that procurement planning had led to improved levels of MONUSCO operations in the areas of humanitarian relief, peacekeeping, development assistance to affected communities. The study further found that staff are involved in the identification and definition of the needs of user sections and that the Statement of Requirements (SOR)/or Scope of Work (SOW) was important in their respective sections. These had aided in full scale involvement of relevant stakeholders in the procurement planning activities of MONUSCO ESB.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends a clear determination of specifications in terms of required quality and quantities by the end-user departments in MONUSCO ESB. Planning and determination of needs should be done early to allow enough time to initiate the procurement process. The study further recommends that the procurement department should always engage all concerned stakeholders in determining the materials and service specification for quality assurance during service delivery. This will enable the sections to always get the quantity of items as requested by end-users, in their right quantity, right quality and at the right time.

scholarly journals Influence of Cultural Factors on Pupil’s Transition from Primary to Secondary Schools in Laikipia West Sub-County, Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mr. Peter Murage Mwangi ◽  
Prof. Kanjogu J. ◽  
Dr. Ngunjiri, M.
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Civic Education ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The Government

From 2017, the government of Kenya aimed at attaining 100 percent transition rate of pupils from primary to secondary schools. In Laikipia West Sub-County whose primary schools are focused by the study, transition from primary to secondary schools averaged at 54.9% from 2008 to 2015. Cultural factors are highlighted in literature as to undermine transition of pupils from primary to secondary schools. The purpose of the study was to determine the extent to which cultural factors influence pupils’ transition from primary to secondary schools in Laikipia West Sub-county in Kenya. Using ex-post facto research design, data was collected using self-delivered questionnaire from a target population of 1064 respondents. The study was carried out on a randomly sampled population of 411 respondents, composed of 280 teachers and 131 PTA chairpersons in public primary schools in the area of study. Data was analyzed using simple regression at .05 alpha level. Findings from the study revealed that cultural factors were significantly influencing transition of pupils from primary to secondary schools (β= - .790) at 0.5 significance level. The study recommended that local leaders should organize for civic education in order to address the identified transition challenges so as to attain a 100% rate of progression to secondary schools.

scholarly journals Erratum on “Non-indolent mantle cell lymphoma at a single public hospital in Brazil: real world first-line treatment cohort study data”

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Sergio Augusto Buzian Brasil ◽  
Carolina Colaço ◽  
Tomas Barrese ◽  
Roberto P. Paes ◽  
Cristina Bortolheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Mantle Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Real World ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
First Line ◽  
Mantle Cell ◽  
First Line Treatment

VP115 Practical Issues Of Using Real-World Data In Effectiveness Research

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
Amr Makady ◽  
Heather Stegenga ◽  
Alexandre Joyeux ◽  
Michael Lees ◽  
Pall Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Real World ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Effectiveness Research ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Data Accessibility ◽  
World Data ◽  
Drug Effectiveness ◽  
Potential Use

INTRODUCTION:The Innovative Medicines Initiative, IMI-GetReal project aimed to explore incorporation of robust methods for real-world data (RWD) collection and synthesis earlier in the medicines development process, both by pharmaceutical companies and healthcare decision makers. The focus was on the potential use of RWD, alone or in combination with randomized controlled trials (RCTs), to demonstrate effectiveness of new interventions. Four case studies were conducted in multiple disease areas to examine methods for predicting drug effectiveness and the perspectives of different stakeholders on these methods. This study aimed to identify practical obstacles in accessing and using RWD and RCT data for effectiveness research conducted as part of these case studies.METHODS:Qualitative content analysis was conducted to identify and characterize key issues relating to accessing and analysing study data from external sources, both RWD and RCTs.RESULTS:Accessing RWD from registries proved difficult due to multiple reasons, including: complex and non-transparent application procedures, resistance from registry owners to discuss applications and datasets not being research-ready within project timeframes. There were also issues with the RWD eventually accessed, including a lack of individual participant data (IPD) and incomplete data. Where access to IPD from RCTs was obtainable, there were restrictions imposed on how it could be used. For example, it could not be used to target analysis on an individual product, but rather explore methodologies for data synthesis in a product-anonymised setting. This condition encouraged additional data sharing by other stakeholders.CONCLUSIONS:Despite the collaborative, multi-stakeholder nature of IMI-GetReal and proper disclosures with data owners, access to data proved challenging. Such barriers to data accessibility can delay effectiveness research, restrict opportunities for the development of methods incorporating RWD and diminish the potential use of RWD in decision making. Where data is intended to be used for this purpose, sufficient attention should be paid to these potential barriers.

PROCUREMENT PROCESS AND SERVICE DELIVERY IN THE UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATION STABILIZATION MISSION IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO (MONUSCO) ENTEBBE SUPPORT BASE

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Gatta Ouyabaka Marius
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Descriptive Case Study ◽  
Procurement Process ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between procurement process and service delivery in MONUSCO Entebbe Support BaseMethodology: The study employed a descriptive case study design. The target population comprised of 261 employees of MONUSCO Entebbe Support Base holding international, United Nations Volunteers (UNV) and National contracts. Random and purposive sampling techniques were specifically used to select samples for this study. Data was collected using questionnaires and interview guides. The quantitative data collected was further analysed using SPSS for descriptive and inferential statistics while the qualitative data was analysed using content analysis.Findings: The study findings showed that procurement process contributed to effective and efficient service delivery in MONUSCO. However, the found relationship between procurement process and service delivery to be very weak. It was found that contracts were awarded to suppliers who met products/materials technical specifications which ensured clear meeting of product standards and service delivery in all MONUSCO user departments. Contracts were awarded to vendors who offer lower price which implied that the bidder with the lowest price is always considered for contract award in MONUSCO ESB. The study found that some vendors did not meet all the terms of contracts as agreed at the time of contract award at the MONUSCO ESB and that to some extent the organization had not taken full appropriate correction measures against non performing vendors. This has to some extent affected the service delivery levels of MONUSCO Entebbe Support Base. It was also found that to a larger extent most vendors had a delivery schedule as per the user department requirements. This meant that the vendors draw and share the supply delivery schedule with the user departments in MONUSCO ESB.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that the management needs to ensure that the procurement activities are accomplished in line with the outcome measures. MONUSCO Entebbe Support Base should focus on implementing strict procurement practices that must be followed with contract value thresholds dictating the procurement practices to be adopted by all MONUSCO sections.

Results of an Italian CORE-IMMUNO study: Safety and clinical-related biomarkers as predictors of immunotherapy (IT) benefit in real-world treatment of various advanced tumors (ATs).

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14156-e14156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Masini ◽  
Annalisa Berselli ◽  
Alessandra Romagnani ◽  
Candida Bonelli ◽  
Emanuela Fantinel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Cancer ◽  
Real World ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Study Data ◽  
World Population ◽  
Head Neck Cancer ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Clinical Benefits ◽  
Head Neck

e14156 Background: Checkpoint inhibitors in cancer therapy have shown survival benefits in the treatment of several ATs. However, the risk of serious side effects seems greater in certain types of tumors presenting reduced compliance with therapy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety profile and clinical benefits of IT, as appraised using clinically related biomarkers of pts outside clinical trials. Methods: In this retrospective study, data were evaluated on pts in the Reggio Emilia Provincial Oncology Network who were treated for ATs using Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab and Ipilimumab monotherapy in clinical practice. The pts included in the study had received at least 1 dose of IT by June 2018. LDH and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were collected at baseline, antibiotic therapy (ATB) was considered during IT, and immunorelated adverse events (irAEs) were assessed with CTCAE v.4.1. Results: A total of 169 pts were examined: 78 with NSCLC, 57 with melanoma, 29 with kidney cancer, 3 with head-neck cancer and 2 with colorectal cancer. 123 pts (73%) were treated with Nivolumab, 36 (21%) with Pembrolizumab and 10 (6%) with Ipilimumab. Overall, 62 pts (37%) experienced irAES of any degree: 17/29 (59%) pts with kidney cancer presented irAES, while only 35% (20/57) and 31% (24/78) of pts with melanoma and lung cancer did, respectively. A total of 27/62 (43%) pts delayed IT due to toxicity, but only 7/62 (11%) pts discontinued treatment due to irAEs. Statistically significant increases in PFS (11 vs. 5 months, p = 0.002) and OS (19.9 vs. 8.7 months, p = 0.002) were found between pts who experienced irAEs and those who did not. As previously demonstrated in other groups of pts, in the Cox regression performed for OS, a baseline value of LDH≥1.5xULN and median NLR ≥2.93 correlates with poor prognosis. Unlike what is already known, the use of ATB during IT (35% of pts) correlates with increased survival (HR 0.59; IC95% 0.37-0.94, p = 0.028). Conclusions: These data confirm the tolerability of IT in an unselected real-world population. In particular, the development of irAEs could be considered a positive predictor of outcome, but with a different incidence among MTS.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF GREEN OPERATIONS STRATEGY ON PERFORMANCE OF TEA PROCESSING FIRMS IN KENYA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Kennedy Kyalo Syanda ◽  
Dr. Pamela Getuno
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Product Design ◽  
Reverse Logistics ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Green Product ◽  
Operations Strategy ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Green Product Design

Purpose: The study sought to establish the influence of green operations strategy on performance of tea processing firms in Kenya.Methodology: This research study adopted a descriptive research design approach. The researcher preferred this method because it allowed an in-depth study of the subject. The target population was heads of procurement and heads of finance in the 66 tea processing firms in Kenya. The study conducted a census since the number of respondents was less than 200, which is a rule of the thumb. The study combined two methods in its data collection, that is, questionnaires and key informant interviews. After data collection, quantitative data was coded using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20.Results: The independent variables reported R value of 0.846 indicating that there was perfect relationship between dependent variable and independent variables. R square value of 0.715 means that 71.5% of the corresponding variation in performance of tea processing firms can be explained or predicted by (green product design, green distribution and transportation, green warehousing and reverse logistics) which indicated that the model fitted the study data. The results of regression analysis revealed that there was a significant positive relationship between dependent variable and independent variable at (β = 0.715), p=0.000 <0.05).Conclusion: The findings of the study indicated that green product design, green distribution and transportation, green warehousing and reverse logistics have a positive relationship with performance of tea processing firms.Policy recommendation: The study recommends that tea processing firms should embrace green operations strategy so as to improve performance and further researches should to be carried out in other institutions to find out if the same results can be obtained.

scholarly journals CAUSES, FORMS AND CONSEQUENCES OF IMMORALITY AMONG STUDENTS OF PRIVATE SCHOOLS IN BORNO STATE, NIGERIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR COUNSELLING

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (37) ◽  
pp. 124-137
Author(s):  
Ngohi Bukar Umar ◽  
Ibrahim Dahiru Idriss ◽  
Halliru Abdullahi Muhammad ◽  
Gambo Garba Muhammad ◽  
Nura Abubakar Gwadabe
Keyword(s):  
Private Schools ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
School Location ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Parental Rearing

The study identified causes, forms, and consequences of students’ immorality determined the relationships between immorality and parents’ educational background and socio-economic status by gender. The target population of the study comprised 247,825 SS 11 students in private secondary schools in Borno State, Nigeria however, 416 subjects constituted the sample. A stratified random sampling technique was used in selecting the respondents based on gender, school location, age, parents’ educational background, and socioeconomic status. 216(52%) of the subjects were males while 200(48%) were females. Researchers’ self-authored 47 items instrument tagged “Students Immorality Questionnaire” (SIQ) was used to elicit data for the study. The SIQ had a reliability coefficient of .87. Six objectives, four research questions, and two null hypotheses guided the study. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings of the study revealed poor parental rearing and influence of mass media as some of the causes, plagiarism and mortgaging body for marks were some of the forms while drop out of school and brain impairment were some of the consequences of immorality among students of private schools in the study area. The first null-hypothesis was endorsed and the second was rejected in favour of the alternative. Involvement of parents/guardians and counsellors were some of the counselling implications considered and recommendations were proffered.

Real-world clinical outcomes in avelumab-treated patients (pts) in the United States (U.S.) from SPEAR-Merkel: Study informing treatment pathway decisions in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC).

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (29_suppl) ◽  
pp. 269-269
Author(s):  
Abhijeet Bhanegaonkar ◽  
Frank Xiaoqing Liu ◽  
Ruth Kim ◽  
Marley Boyd ◽  
Nicole Fulcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Real World ◽  
Objective Response ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
The United States ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Line Setting

269 Background: MCC is a rare, aggressive disease associated with poor prognosis. Avelumab, a fully human anti–PD-L1 monoclonal antibody, was the first immune checkpoint inhibitor approved by the FDA for the treatment of metastatic MCC (mMCC). In the JAVELIN Merkel 200 trial (Clinical trial information: NCT02155647), avelumab resulted in durable responses and a high objective response rate (ORR) in pts with mMCC. This retrospective descriptive study assessed real-world clinical outcomes in avelumab-treated pts with locally advanced MCC (laMCC) and mMCC in a US community oncology setting. Methods: This study included data on avelumab-treated laMCC and mMCC pts from 1/1/17 to 3/31/19 within The US Oncology Network. Study data were captured through 9/30/19 using structured fields and chart review of iKnowMed electronic healthcare records. Real-world ORR was assessed. Duration of response (DOR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: 33 pts initiated treatment with avelumab (laMCC n = 11; mMCC n = 22) and were followed up for a median of 10.9 months (range, 0.5-27.2 months). Median age was 77 years (range, 44-90+ years), 78.8% of pts were male, and the majority (84.8%) of pts were treated in the first-line setting. During treatment, 27.2% of pts had emergency department visits and 39.4% were hospitalized; 1% and 23.1%, respectively, were treatment related. Clinical outcomes are reported in the table. Conclusions: This is the first study to examine pts with laMCC treated with avelumab in a real-world setting. Although the sample population is small, results suggest the clinical benefits in the real world in pts with mMCC treated with avelumab are consistent with benefits reported in the JAVELIN Merkel 200 trial. [Table: see text]

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