Factors Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Bogotá, Colombia: Results From a Large Epidemiological Surveillance Study

AbstractThe Brazilian Northern region registered a high incidence of COVID-19 cases, particularly in the state of Pará. The present study investigated the risk factors associated with the severity of COVID-19 in a Brazilian Amazon region of 100,819 cases. An epidemiological, cross-sectional, analytical and demographic study, analyzing data on confirmed cases for COVID-19 available at the Brazilian Ministry of Health's surveillance platform, was conducted. Variables such as, municipalities of residence, age, gender, signs and symptoms, comorbidities were included and associated with COVID-19 cases and outcomes. The spatial distribution was performed using the ArcGIS program. A total of 100,819 cases were evaluated. Overall, patients had the mean age of 42.3 years, were female (51.2%) and with lethality reaching 4.79% of cases. Main symptoms included fever (66.5%), cough (61.9%) and sore throat (39.8%). Regarding comorbidities, most of the patients presented cardiovascular disease (5.1%) and diabetes (4.2%). Neurological disease increased risk of death by nearly 15 times, followed by obesity (5.16 times) and immunodeficiency (5.09 time). The municipalities with the highest incidence rate were Parauapebas, Canaã dos Carajás and Jacareacanga. Similarity between the Lower Amazon, Marajó and Southwest mesoregions of Pará state were observed concerning the highest morbidity rates. The obtained data demonstrated that the majority of cases occurred among young adults, females, with the classic influenza symptoms and chronic diseases. Finally, data suggest that the highest incidences were no longer in the metropolitan region of the state. The higher lethality rate than in Brazil may be associated with the greater impacts of the disease in this Amazonian population, or factors associated with fragile epidemiological surveillance in the notification of cases of cure.

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Testing Denmark: A Danish nationwide surveillance study of COVID-19

10.1101/2021.08.10.21261777 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kamille Fogh ◽

Jarl E Strange ◽

Bibi FSS Scharff ◽

Alexandra RR Eriksen ◽

Rasmus B Hasselbalch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Point Of Care ◽

Rapid Test ◽

Physical Contact ◽

Surveillance Study ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Danish Population ◽

Positive Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Geographic Population ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Background National data on the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection and knowledge on associated risk factors are important for understanding the course of the pandemic. Testing Denmark is a national large-scale epidemiological surveillance study of SARS-CoV-2 in the Danish population. Methods Between September and October 2020, approximately 1.3 million of 5.8 million Danish citizens (age > 15 years) were randomly invited to fill in an electronic questionnaire covering COVID-19 exposures and symptoms. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was determined by Point-of Care rapid Test (POCT) distributed to participants home addresses. Findings In total 318,552 participants (24.5% invitees) completed the questionnaire and provided the result of the POCT. Of these, 2,519 (0.79%) were seropositive (median age 55 years) and women were more often seropositive than men, interquartile range (IQR) 42-64, 40.2% males. Of participants with a prior positive Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test (n=1,828), 29.1% were seropositive in the POCT. Seropositivity increased with age irrespective of sex. Elderly participants (>61 years) reported less symptoms and had less frequently been tested for SARS-CoV-2 compared to younger participants. Seropositivity was associated with physical contact with SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals (Risk ratio (RR) 7.43, 95% CI: 6.57-8.41) and in particular household members (RR 17.70, 95% CI: 15.60-20.10). Home care workers had a higher risk of seropositivity (RR 2.09 (95% CI: 1.58-2.78) as compared to office workers. Geographic population density was not associated to seropositivity. A high degree of compliance with national preventive recommendations was reported (e.g., > 80% use of face masks), but no difference was found between seropositive and seronegative participants. Interpretation This study provides insight into the immunity of the Danish population seven to eight months after the first COVID-19 case in Denmark. The seroprevalence was lower than expected probably due to a low sensitivity of the POCT used or due to challenges relating to the reading of test results. Occupation or exposure in local communities were major routes of infection. As elderly participants were more often seropositive despite fewer symptoms and less PCR tests performed, more emphasis should be placed on testing this age group.

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Sexually transmitted infections in young people and factors associated with HIV coinfection: an observational study in a large city

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027245 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. e027245 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Alexis Sentís ◽

Mario Martin-Sanchez ◽

Maider Arando ◽

Martí Vall ◽

María Jesus Barbera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

Large City ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Hiv Coinfection ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Sex With Men ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

ObjectivesYoung people are a critical target group for sexually transmitted infections (STI) surveillance due to their particular behavioural and social related vulnerability. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological characteristics and trends in the incidence of gonorrhoea, syphilis, HIV and venereal lymphogranuloma (LGV) among 15–24-year-olds in Barcelona, and to determine factors associated with HIV coinfection.DesignWe performed a population-based incidence study covering the 2007–2015 period.ParticipantsAll new cases of STI—HIV, gonorrhoea, infectious syphilis and LGV—notified to the epidemiological surveillance system in Barcelona between 2007 and 2015. 1218 cases were studied: 84.6% were men, 19.3% were 15–19 years old and 50.6% were born in Spain. Among men, 73.7% were men who have sex with men (MSM); among women, 85.6% were women that have sex with men.Primary and secondary outcomesIncidence of HIV, gonorrhoea, infectious syphilis and LGV. HIV coinfection.ResultsThere was an increase in the incidence of gonorrhoea, from 1.9 cases per 10 000 people in 2007 to 7.6/10 000 in 2015 (p<0.01), in MSM from 27.1 to 228.8/10 000 (p<0.01). The incidence of syphilis increased from 0.4/10 000 in 2007 to 3.1/10 000 in 2015 (significant in men only, p<0.01), in MSM from 18.1 to 116.9/10 000 (p<0.01). The incidence of HIV showed a non-significant increase in men (p=0.27), and that of LGV remained stable (p=0.59). Factors associated with increased risk of HIV coinfection included being MSM (adjusted OR[ORa]=14.14, 95% CI 3.34 to 59.91) and having >10 sexual partners (ORa=4.11, 95% CI 1.53 to 11.01) or STI diagnosis during the previous 12 months (ORa=2.06; 95% CI 1.13 to 3.77).ConclusionsThe incidence of gonorrhoea and syphilis among 15–24-year-olds increased, while HIV infection remained stable but with a high incidence among MSM. Being MSM, having sex with multiple partners and having a diagnosis of an STI in the previous 12 months were factors associated with HIV coinfection.

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Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and gram-negative bacterial infections in south-west Nigeria: a retrospective epidemiological surveillance study

AIMS Public Health ◽

10.3934/publichealth.2020062 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 804-815

Author(s):

Oluwafolajimi Adetoye Adesanya ◽

◽

Hilda Amauche Igwe ◽

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Infections ◽

Surveillance Study ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Carbapenem Resistant ◽

South West

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Prevalence and determinants of Transient Congenital Hypothyroidism in children with Eutopic Gland in France: a retrospective cohort study

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgab854 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yaya Barry ◽

Laurence Mandereau-Bruno ◽

Christophe Bonaldi ◽

David Cheillan ◽

Régis Coutant ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽

Treatment Initiation ◽

Cox Model ◽

Post Partum ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Main Study ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Weight One ◽

Transient Congenital Hypothyroidism

Abstract Context The increase in the incidence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) reported worldwide may in part be explained by an increase in the transient form of CH. Objectives We aimed to estimate the proportion of transient CH (TCH) in France, and to identify associated neonatal and young child characteristics. Patients and Methods We used probabilistic record linkage to link children with eutopic gland born between 2006 and 2012 recorded in the national French CH registry and the French national health data system (SNDS). Of the 703 children recorded, 484 (68.8%) were linked. We retrospectively examined reimbursement for oral levothyroxine (LT4) between 01/01/2006 and 31/12/2017. Children who had discontinued treatment for six months or more before 31/12/2017 were classified as having TCH. We used a Cox model to examine the factors associated with TCH. Results Among the main study sample (n=471), 53.5% were female, 14.2% were preterm, and 13.8% had low birth weight. One-quarter (n=111, 24.3%) had mild CH (thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)<50mU/L (serum) at diagnosis and a median LT4 dose at treatment initiation of 30 μg/day. One third (n=155, 32.9%) had TCH. Premature birth (adjusted Hazard Ratio=2.1 [1.0-4.2]), a TSH<50 mU/L at CH screening (7.4 [3.2-17.1]), LT4 dose received at 12 months of age (0.98 [0.97-0.99, p=0.003]), congenital cardiac malformations (6.6 [1.5-29.0]), and year of birth (1.2 [1.1-1.4]) were all associated with TCH. Conclusions One third of the children had TCH and it was associated with several characteristics at birth and post-partum. These data are useful for CH medical management and epidemiological surveillance.

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