The effect of sex on immune cells in healthy aging: Elderly women have more robust natural killer lymphocytes than do elderly men

Abstract Background Endometriosis is a refractory and recurrent disease and it affects nearly 10% of reproductive-aged women and 40% of infertile patients. The commonly accepted theory for endometriosis is retrograde menstruation where endometrial tissues invade into peritoneal cavity and fail to be cleared due to immune dysfunction. Therefore, the comprehensive understanding of immunologic microenvironment of peritoneal cavity deserves further investigation for the previous studies mainly focus on one or several immune cells. Results High-quality transcriptomes were from peritoneal fluid samples of patients with endometriosis and control, and firstly subjected to 10 × genomics single-cell RNA-sequencing. We acquired the single-cell transcriptomes of 10,280 cells from endometriosis sample and 7250 cells from control sample with an average of approximately 63,000 reads per cell. A comprehensive map of overall cells in peritoneal fluid was first exhibited. We unveiled the heterogeneity of immune cells and discovered new cell subtypes including T cell receptor positive (TCR+) macrophages, proliferating macrophages and natural killer dendritic cells in peritoneal fluid, which was further verified by double immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. Pseudo-time analysis showed that the response of macrophages to the menstrual debris might follow the certain differentiation trajectory after endometrial tissues invaded into the peritoneal cavity, that is, from antigen presentation to pro-inflammation, then to chemotaxis and phagocytosis. Our analyses also mirrored the dysfunctions of immune cells including decreased phagocytosis and cytotoxic activity and elevated pro-inflammatory and chemotactic effects in endometriosis. Conclusion TCR+ macrophages, proliferating macrophages and natural killer dendritic cells are firstly reported in human peritoneal fluid. Our results also revealed that immune dysfunction happens in peritoneal fluid of endometriosis, which may be responsible for the residues of invaded menstrual debris. It provided a large-scale and high-dimensional characterization of peritoneal microenvironment and offered a useful resource for future development of immunotherapy.

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Biology and pathology of the uterine microenvironment and its natural killer cells

Cellular and Molecular Immunology ◽

10.1038/s41423-021-00739-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fuyan Wang ◽

Anita Ellen Qualls ◽

Laia Marques-Fernandez ◽

Francesco Colucci

Keyword(s):

Natural Killer ◽

Fetal Growth ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Lymphoid Cells ◽

Unk Cells ◽

New Frontier ◽

Uterine Mucosa ◽

Blastocyst Implantation ◽

And Function

AbstractTissues are the new frontier of discoveries in immunology. Cells of the immune system are an integral part of tissue physiology and immunity. Determining how immune cells inhabit, housekeep, and defend gut, lung, brain, liver, uterus, and other organs helps revealing the intimate details of tissue physiology and may offer new therapeutic targets to treat pathologies. The uterine microenvironment modulates the development and function of innate lymphoid cells [ILC, largely represented by natural killer (NK) cells], macrophages, T cells, and dendritic cells. These immune cells, in turn, contribute to tissue homeostasis. Regulated by ovarian hormones, the human uterine mucosa (endometrium) undergoes ~400 monthly cycles of breakdown and regeneration from menarche to menopause, with its fibroblasts, glands, blood vessels, and immune cells remodeling the tissue into the transient decidua. Even more transformative changes occur upon blastocyst implantation. Before the placenta is formed, the endometrial glands feed the embryo by histiotrophic nutrition while the uterine spiral arteries are stripped of their endothelial layer and smooth muscle actin. This arterial remodeling is carried out by invading fetal trophoblast and maternal immune cells, chiefly uterine NK (uNK) cells, which also assist fetal growth. The transformed arteries no longer respond to maternal stimuli and meet the increasing demands of the growing fetus. This review focuses on how the everchanging uterine microenvironment affects uNK cells and how uNK cells regulate homeostasis of the decidua, placenta development, and fetal growth. Determining these pathways will help understand the causes of major pregnancy complications.

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Cellular liaisons of natural killer lymphocytes in immunology and immunotherapy of cancer

Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy ◽

10.1517/14712598.7.5.599 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 599-615 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Ainhoa Arina ◽

Oihana Murillo ◽

Juan Dubrot ◽

Arantza Azpilikueta ◽

Carlos Alfaro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Killer ◽

Immunotherapy Of Cancer ◽

Natural Killer Lymphocytes

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Ethnicity, household composition and COVID-19 mortality: a national linked data study

Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine ◽

10.1177/0141076821999973 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 014107682199997

Author(s):

Vahé Nafilyan ◽

Nazrul Islam ◽

Daniel Ayoubkhani ◽

Clare Gilles ◽

Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Asian ◽

White Women ◽

Minority Groups ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Household Composition ◽

Elderly Men ◽

Dependent Children ◽

Registration Data ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Increased Risk

Objective To estimate the proportion of ethnic inequalities explained by living in a multi-generational household. Design Causal mediation analysis. Setting Retrospective data from the 2011 Census linked to Hospital Episode Statistics (2017-2019) and death registration data (up to 30 November 2020). Participants Adults aged 65 years or over living in private households in England from 2 March 2020 until 30 November 2020 (n=10,078,568). Main outcome measures Hazard ratios were estimated for COVID-19 death for people living in a multi-generational household compared with people living with another older adult, adjusting for geographic factors, socioeconomic characteristics and pre-pandemic health. Results Living in a multi-generational household was associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 death. After adjusting for confounding factors, the hazard ratios for living in a multi-generational household with dependent children were 1.17 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06–1.30) and 1.21 (95% CI 1.06–1.38) for elderly men and women. The hazard ratios for living in a multi-generational household without dependent children were 1.07 (95% CI 1.01–1.13) for elderly men and 1.17 (95% CI 1.07–1.25) for elderly women. Living in a multi-generational household explained about 11% of the elevated risk of COVID-19 death among elderly women from South Asian background, but very little for South Asian men or people in other ethnic minority groups. Conclusion Elderly adults living with younger people are at increased risk of COVID-19 mortality, and this is a contributing factor to the excess risk experienced by older South Asian women compared to White women. Relevant public health interventions should be directed at communities where such multi-generational households are highly prevalent.

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Prognostic significance of natural killer cell-associated markers in gastric cancer: quantitative analysis using multiplex immunohistochemistry

Journal of Translational Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12967-021-03203-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hee Young Na ◽

Yujun Park ◽

Soo Kyung Nam ◽

Jiwon Koh ◽

Yoonjin Kwak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

T Cells ◽

B Cells ◽

Nk Cells ◽

Natural Killer ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Nk Cell ◽

Critical Role ◽

Killer Cell ◽

Prognostic Significance

Abstract Background Natural killer (NK) cells mediate the anti-tumoral immune response as an important component of innate immunity. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance and functional implication of NK cell-associated surface receptors in gastric cancer (GC) by using multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC). Methods We performed an mIHC on tissue microarray slides, including 55 GC tissue samples. A total of 11 antibodies including CD57, NKG2A, CD16, HLA-E, CD3, CD20, CD45, CD68, CK, SMA, and ki-67 were used. CD45 + CD3-CD57 + cells were considered as CD57 + NK cells. Results Among CD45 + immune cells, the proportion of CD57 + NK cell was the lowest (3.8%), whereas that of CD57 + and CD57- T cells (65.5%) was the highest, followed by macrophages (25.4%), and B cells (5.3%). CD57 + NK cells constituted 20% of CD45 + CD57 + immune cells while the remaining 80% were CD57 + T cells. The expression of HLA-E in tumor cells correlated with that in tumoral T cells, B cells, and macrophages, but not CD57 + NK cells. The higher density of tumoral CD57 + NK cells and tumoral CD57 + NKG2A + NK cells was associated with inferior survival. Conclusions Although the number of CD57 + NK cells was lower than that of other immune cells, CD57 + NK cells and CD57 + NKG2A + NK cells were significantly associated with poor outcomes, suggesting that NK cell subsets play a critical role in GC progression. NK cells and their inhibitory receptor, NKG2A, may be potential targets in GC.

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Sex Differences in the Association Between Obesity and Cognitive Impairment in a Low-Income Elderly Population in Rural China: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Frontiers in Neurology ◽

10.3389/fneur.2021.669174 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Dandan Guo ◽

Xin Zhang ◽

Changqing Zhan ◽

Qiuxing Lin ◽

Jie Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Low Income ◽

Elderly Population ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Rural China ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Elderly Men ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Obesity is a potentially modifiable risk factor for cognitive impairment. However, sex-specific relationships between obesity and cognitive impairment in late life remain unclear.Objective: We aimed to assess sex differences in the association between various obesity parameters and cognitive impairment in a low-income elderly population in rural China.Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted to collect basic information from elderly residents aged 60 years and older from April 2014 to August 2014 in rural areas of Tianjin, China. Obesity parameters, including body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), and Mini Mental State Examination scores were measured, and the relationships between these variables were assessed.Results: A total of 1,081 residents with a mean age of 67.70 years were enrolled in this study. After adjusting for age, educational attainment, smoking status, drinking status, physical exercise participation, and the presence of diabetes and hyperlipidemia, blood pressure group; a high BMI was found to be associated with an increased prevalence of cognitive impairment in elderly women. Each 1-unit increase in BMI was associated with a 5.9% increase in the prevalence of cognitive impairment. WC was related to the prevalence of cognitive impairment in elderly men, and each 1-cm increase in WC was associated with a 4.0% decrease in the prevalence of cognitive impairment. However, there were no significant associations between WC and cognitive function in women or between BMI and cognitive impairment in men.Conclusion: A greater WC was positively associated with better cognitive function in low-income elderly men in rural China, whereas a higher BMI was associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment in elderly women, independent of sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health-related comorbid factors. Our results suggest weight management of elderly women in rural China may have cognitive benefits. However, randomized controlled trials would be needed to confirm causality.

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GAMBARAN KEKUATAN OTOT PADA LANSIA DI BPLU SENJA CERAH PANIKI BAWAH

Jurnal e-Biomedik ◽

10.35790/ebm.3.1.2015.6618 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Prisilia M. Pinontoan ◽

Sylvia R. Marunduh ◽

Herlina I. S. Wungouw

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Elbow Flexion ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Shoulder Abduction ◽

Elderly Men ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Shoulder Flexion ◽

Cross Sectional Design

Abstract: The aim of this study was to find out the profile of muscle strength on elderly at BPLU Senja Cerah Paniki Bawah. This was a descriptive study with cross sectional design. There were 26 respondents who met the inclusion criteria, consisted of 10 elderly men and 16 elderly women. Respondents were selected by using purposive sampling method. The measurements of the muscle strength were done by using 1 RM method while doing elbow flexion, elbow extension, shoulder flexion, shoulder extension, shoulder abduction, knee flexion, knee extension and dorsoflexion. Data were analyzed manually and computerized then presented in tabular form. The result shows that the average muscle strength in elderly men were greater than women and the average muscle strength of respondents that were included in the age group 60-79 years old were greater than those in 80-99 years.Keywords: muscle strength, elderly.1 RMAbstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui gambaran kekuatan otot pada Lansia di BPLU Senja Cerah Paniki Bawah. Penelitian ini merupakan peneliltian deskriptif dengan rancangan potong lintang. Responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi terdiri dari 26 orang yang terdiri dari 10 orang laki-laki dan 16 orang perempuan. Sampel dipilih menggunakan cara purposive sampling. Kekuatan otot pada lansia diukur dengan menggunakan metode 1 RM yang diukur pada gerakan fleksi siku, ekstensi siku, fleksi bahu, ekstensi bahu, abduksi bahu, fleksi lutut, ekstensi lutut serta dorsofleksi. Data yang sudah didapatkan kemudian dikumpul dan diolah secara manual dan komputerisasi serta disajikan dalam bentuk tabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata kekuatan otot responden laki-laki lebih besar dibanding perempuan dan rerata kekuatan responden yang termasuk dalam kelompok umur 60-79 tahun lebih besar dibanding kelompok umur 80-99 tahun.Kata kunci: kekuatan otot, lansia, 1 RM.

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LITERATURE REVIEW MANFAAT SENAM LANSIA TERHADAP KUALITAS HIDUP LANSIA

BIMIKI (Berkala Ilmiah Mahasiswa Ilmu Keperawatan Indonesia) ◽

10.53345/bimiki.v8i2.143 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 48-55

Author(s):

Sri Puzzy Handayani ◽

Rina Puspita Sari ◽

Wibisono Wibisono

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Elderly Women ◽

The Elderly ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Research Articles ◽

Psychological Benefits ◽

Elderly Men ◽

Minimum Duration ◽

Improve Sleep Quality

ABSTRACTIntroduction: 52.31% of the number of health complaints in elderly women is higher than the percentage of elderly men is 49, 74%. Changes that occur in the elderly tend to decrease in physical, psychological, psychosocial systems. This requires an action activity that can reach all aspects of the decline that is by doing elderly gymnastics. The purpose of this research to identify the benefits of elderly exercise on the quality of life of the elderly. Research methods by using literature review as a guide to search for research articles obtained from the internet using the Science Direct site, and Google Scholar. The results analysis of 10 selected research articles shows that elderly exercise can have several benefits, namely: physical benefits can improve physical fitness, body balance, breathing, and decreased blood pressure in elderly hypertension. Psychological benefits can improve sleep quality, decrease insomnia levels, decrease depression levels, reduce stress levels, and manage pain. Social and environmental benefits. Elderly exercise 3 times a week with a minimum duration of 30 minutes and a maximum of 40 minutes with a time of> 4 weeks will be more effective in getting many benefits.

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Natural Killer Cells and Dendritic Cells: Expanding Clinical Relevance in the Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Tumor Microenvironment

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13164037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (16) ◽

pp. 4037

Author(s):

Pankaj Ahluwalia ◽

Meenakshi Ahluwalia ◽

Ashis K. Mondal ◽

Nikhil S. Sahajpal ◽

Vamsi Kota ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Dendritic Cells ◽

Tumor Microenvironment ◽

Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Nk Cells ◽

Natural Killer ◽

Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Small Cell ◽

Small Cell Lung

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major subtype of lung cancer that accounts for almost 85% of lung cancer cases worldwide. Although recent advances in chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy have helped in the clinical management of these patients, the survival rate in advanced stages remains dismal. Furthermore, there is a critical lack of accurate prognostic and stratification markers for emerging immunotherapies. To harness immune response modalities for therapeutic benefits, a detailed understanding of the immune cells in the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) is required. Among the diverse immune cells, natural killer (NK cells) and dendritic cells (DCs) have generated tremendous interest in the scientific community. NK cells play a critical role in tumor immunosurveillance by directly killing malignant cells. DCs link innate and adaptive immune systems by cross-presenting the antigens to T cells. The presence of an immunosuppressive milieu in tumors can lead to inactivation and poor functioning of NK cells and DCs, which results in an adverse outcome for many cancer patients, including those with NSCLC. Recently, clinical intervention using modified NK cells and DCs have shown encouraging response in advanced NSCLC patients. Herein, we will discuss prognostic and predictive aspects of NK cells and DC cells with an emphasis on NSCLC. Additionally, the discussion will extend to potential strategies that seek to enhance the anti-tumor functionality of NK cells and DCs.

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