Influence of heat treatment on the volumetric wear rate of Al-25Mg 2 Si2Cu4Mn alloy

The effect of yttria concentration (0-33.4 mol%), extraction rates (0.17, 0.33, 0.50, and 0.67 mm s-1), and the number of layers (up to four) on the phase content, surface defects, thickness, hardness, adhesion strength, and wear rate of yttria-stabilized zirconia coatings produced by sol-gel/dip-coating were studied for its use on thermolabile substrates. At 700°C, a metastable tetragonal phase ( t ″ ) was obtained even with 33.4 mol% yttria when heat treated for 24 hours; however, a fully cubic structure was attained by extending the heat treatment up to 48 hours as confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, it was necessary to use withdrawal speeds of at least 0.67 mm s-1 to produce defect-free coatings. Although the coatings were produced at low temperature, they showed 41% lower wear rate than steel and an adhesion strength of 30 MPa. Our work stresses the importance of the heat treatment history on the stabilization of the cubic phase in sol-gel YSZ coatings.

Download Full-text

Wear and osteolysis outcomes for highly cross-linked polyethylene in primary total hip arthroplasty compared with conventional polyethylene: a 15- to 18-year single-centre follow-up study

Hip International ◽

10.1177/1120700019896970 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 112070001989697 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nam Hoon Moon ◽

Won Chul Shin ◽

Min Uk Do ◽

Suk-Woong Kang ◽

Sang-Min Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wear Rate ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Reoperation Rate ◽

Volumetric Wear ◽

Wear Rates ◽

Total Hip ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Long Term Result ◽

Wear Reduction

Background: Although highly positive results for wear reduction of highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE) have been reported around the 10-year follow-up, the long-term result related to reoperation and wear-related survival is still an issue. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the follow-up results of a single manufacture’s polyethylene liner for >15 years in terms of survival and wear rate. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 134 primary total hip arthroplasties (THAs) who were followed up for at least 15 years. The mean age at the time of surgery was 50.7 years (conventional polyethylene [CPE] group = 22; HXLPE group = 112). Linear and volumetric wear rates of polyethylene were measured, and the reoperation rate and radiographic osteolysis were evaluated and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed in both groups. Implant-related complications were also examined. Results: HXLPE group showed a significantly lower wear rate in both linear and volumetric wear. None of the hip radiographs showed evidence of loosening or osteolysis in the HXLPE group. The survival rates at 15- to 18-year follow-up were 90.9% and 95.5% in the CPE and HXLPE groups when all-cause reoperation was the endpoint, and 90.9% and 100.0% when the wear-related reoperation was the endpoint, respectively. Implant-related complications were not different between the 2 groups. Conclusions: Wear reduction and osteolysis showed a great advantage in HXLPE after a 15-year follow-up. Although the CPE and HXLPE showed excellent survival, wear and osteolysis were more frequent in the CPE; therefore, the high risk of reoperation in the future should be considered.

Download Full-text

Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Tribocorrosion Performance of Laser Cladding Ni-65 WC Coating

Scanning ◽

10.1155/2020/4843175 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Ze Liu ◽

Eryong Liu ◽

Shuangming Du ◽

Congwei Li ◽

Huiling Du ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Friction Coefficient ◽

Wear Rate ◽

Laser Cladding ◽

Heat Treatment Temperature ◽

Treatment Temperature ◽

Bonding Layer ◽

Wear Performance ◽

Comprehensive Comparison ◽

Cladding Layers

The Ni-65wt%WC cladding layers were prepared on the surface of Q235 using laser cladding technology, in which the effect of heat treatment on microstructure and tribocorrosion performance was investigated. The results showed that the coating is mainly consisted of Ni, WC, and W2C, and a significant diffusion phenomenon is formed between the interfaces of WC/Ni matrix, benefited for the improvement of bonding layer between WC/Ni-based matrixes. Meanwhile, the crystallization of WC particles after heat treatment was more obvious than untreatment; the Ni matrix grain size was also grown remarkable, leading to the lower hardness and weaker plastic deformation resistance of Ni-65wt%WC coating. And the erosion results showed that the wear rate of coating gradually decreased with heat treatment temperature increasing, while brittle WC was not suitable for high impact wear conditions. Furthermore, with the increase of heat treatment temperature, the reciprocating wear performance showed that the friction coefficient and wear rate of Ni-65wt%WC coating decreased. And the friction coefficient and wear rate of the coating (700°C) in 3.5% NaCl solution were 0.15 and 4.82×10−8 mm3·N-1·m-1, respectively. Therefore, the comprehensive comparison showed that Ni-65WC coating had better performance in low impact reciprocating testing under corrosion environment, and heat treatment was helpful to further improve the tribocorrosion performance of laser cladding Ni-65wt%WC coating.

Download Full-text

Effect of heat treatment on mechanical and tribological properties of aluminum metal matrix composites

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part C Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science ◽

10.1177/0954406220922253 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 234 (22) ◽

pp. 4493-4504

Author(s):

Manu Sam ◽

N Radhika ◽

Katru Pavan Sai

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Heat Treatment ◽

Wear Rate ◽

Response Surface ◽

Surface Deformation ◽

Wear Test ◽

Composite Surface ◽

X Ray ◽

Mechanical And Tribological Properties ◽

Sliding Distance

LM25 aluminum alloy reinforced with 10 wt% of TiB2, WC, and ZrO2 were squeeze cast to investigate the effect of T6 heat treatment on tribo-mechanical properties. Among all, WC-reinforced composite achieved superior mechanical properties at the aging time of 8 h. Microstructural examination performed on all composites and alloy concluded that the presence of WC in T6 LM25 caused reduction of α-Al dendrite size, exhibiting superior properties for this composite. X-ray diffraction analysis conducted on alloy and WC-reinforced superior composite revealed formations of phases, which improved their mechanical properties. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis quantified the actual intensity of WC presence in the superior composite along with its other constituents. Response surface methodology model developed for wear test of the superior composite involves parametric range like applied load (10–50 N), sliding velocity (1–4 m/s), and sliding distance (500–2500 m). Analysis of variance along with regression analysis proved that, statistical analytical model developed good relationship between the actual wear rate and process parameters. Response surface plots represented the linearly increasing wear trend with respect to load and sliding distance. Wear rate dropped initially and raised later on along with velocity. Scanning electron microscopy exhibited the surface deformation prevailing on the composite surface at high load.

Download Full-text

Correlation of the Volumetric Tool Wear Rate of Carbide Milling Inserts With the Material Removal Rate of Ti–6Al–4V

Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.4029649 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 137 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mathew Kuttolamadom ◽

Parikshit Mehta ◽

Laine Mears ◽

Thomas Kurfess

Keyword(s):

Wear Rate ◽

Tool Wear ◽

Material Removal Rate ◽

Material Removal ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Tool Material ◽

Feed Speed ◽

Volumetric Wear ◽

Machining Economics ◽

Material Volume

The objective of this paper is to assess the correlation of volumetric tool wear (VTW) and wear rate of carbide tools on the material removal rate (MRR) of titanium alloys. A previously developed methodology for assessing the worn tool material volume is utilized for quantifying the VTW of carbide tools when machining Ti–6Al–4V. To capture the tool response, controlled milling experiments are conducted at suitable corner points of the recommended feed-speed design space, for constant stock material removal volumes. For each case, the tool material volume worn away, as well as the corresponding volumetric wear profile evolution in terms of a set of geometric coefficients, is quantified—these are then related to the MRR. Further, the volumetric wear rate and the M-ratio (volume of stock removed to VTW) which is a measure of the cutting tool efficiency, are related to the MRR—these provide a tool-life based optimal MRR for profitability. This work not only elevates tool wear from a 1D to 3D concept, but helps in assessing machining economics from a stock material-removal-efficiency perspective as well.

Download Full-text

ASSESSMENT OF ABRASIVE WEAR RATE FOR PTFE-BASED COMPOSITES IN COMBINATION WITH STEEL

Tribologia ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0015.5861 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 296 (2) ◽

pp. 29-35

Author(s):

Magdalena Lemecha ◽

Krzysztof Ligier ◽

Jerzy Napiórkowski

Keyword(s):

Wear Rate ◽

Carbon Fibre ◽

Abrasive Wear ◽

Polymer Film ◽

Contact Area ◽

Glass Fibre ◽

Volumetric Wear ◽

Ptfe Composite ◽

Test Materials ◽

Ptfe Composites

This paper presents a study of the tribological wear rate for PTFE-based composites in combination with C45 steel. PTFE composites with the addition of glass fibre, bronze, carbon fibre, and graphite were selected for the study. Tribological tests were conducted in a roller-block combination over an expanded contact area with no lubrication, using an SMC-2 machine. The study assessed the mass and volumetric wear for the test materials and the wear rate index. The highest wear values were noted for the PTFE composite with the addition of bronze, while the lowest was for the PTFE composite with the addition of glass fibre. For all the test materials, the formation of a polymer film on the steel counter specimen was noted.

Download Full-text

Tribological assessment of a flexible carbon-fibre-reinforced poly(ether—ether—ketone) acetabular cup articulating against an alumina femoral head

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part H Journal of Engineering in Medicine ◽

10.1243/09544119jeim334 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 222 (3) ◽

pp. 273-283 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

S C Scholes ◽

I A Inman ◽

A Unsworth ◽

E Jones

Keyword(s):

Wear Rate ◽

Carbon Fibre ◽

Acetabular Component ◽

Volumetric Wear ◽

Wear Rates ◽

Lubrication Regime ◽

Ether Ether Ketone ◽

Poly Ether Ether Ketone ◽

Ether Ketone ◽

Low Wear

New material combinations have been introduced as the bearing surfaces of hip prostheses in an attempt to prolong their life by overcoming the problems of failure due to wear-particle-induced osteolysis. This will hopefully reduce the need for revision surgery. The study detailed here used a hip simulator to assess the volumetric wear rates of large-diameter carbon-fibre-reinforced pitch-based poly(ether—ether—ketone) (CFR-PEEK) acetabular cups articulating against alumina femoral heads. The joints were tested for 25×106 cycles. Friction tests were also performed on these joints to determine the lubrication regime under which they operate. The average volumetric wear rate of the CFR-PEEK acetabular component of 54 mm diameter was 1.16 mm3/106 cycles, compared with 38.6 mm3/106 cycles for an ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene acetabular component of 28 mm diameter worn against a ceramic head. This extremely low wear rate was sustained over 25×106 cycles (the equivalent of up to approximately 25 years in vivo). The frictional studies showed that the joints worked under the mixed—boundary lubrication regime. The low wear produced by these joints showed that this novel joint couple offers low wear rates and therefore may be an alternative material choice for the reduction of osteolysis.

Download Full-text

Tribological Behavior and Corrosion Resistance of Electroless Ni-B-W Coatings

Journal of Molecular and Engineering Materials ◽

10.1142/s2251237317500101 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 05 (03) ◽

pp. 1750010 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Arkadeb Mukhopadhyay ◽

Tapan Kumar Barman ◽

Prasanta Sahoo

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Wear Rate ◽

Crystallite Size ◽

Tribological Behavior ◽

Columnar Structure ◽

X Ray ◽

Pin On Disc ◽

Friction Performance ◽

Electroless Ni

The present study considers the tribological behavior and corrosion resistance of electroless Ni-B-W coatings deposited on AISI 1040 steel substrates. Coating is characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction technique. In as-deposited condition, coatings are found to be amorphous. On heat treatment, precipitation of crystalline Ni (1 1 1) and its borides take place. For as-deposited coating, the microhardness is obtained as [Formula: see text]759[Formula: see text]HV[Formula: see text] which increases to [Formula: see text]1181[Formula: see text]HV[Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]1098[Formula: see text]HV[Formula: see text] when heat treated at 350[Formula: see text]C and 450[Formula: see text]C, respectively. Incorporation of W in Ni-B coating results in an increase of hardness by 89[Formula: see text]HV[Formula: see text] in as-deposited condition. Heat treatment also results in increase in crystallite size of Ni (1 1 1). Wear rate and coefficient of friction (COF) of the coatings are evaluated on a pin-on-disc setup under both dry and lubricated sliding conditions. Wear resistance is observed to improve on heat treatment with an increase in crystallite size while COF deteriorates. However, in as-deposited condition, wear rate and COF of Ni-B-W coatings improve by [Formula: see text]5 and [Formula: see text]3 times, respectively, compared with Ni-B coatings. Wear and friction performance of the coatings are enhanced under lubrication due to the columnar structure of the coatings that retain lubricants. Corrosion resistance of Ni-B-W coating in 3.5% NaCl solution gets improved on heat treatment.

Download Full-text

The Correlation of Volumetric Tool Wear and Wear Rate of Machining Tools With the Material Removal Rate of Titanium Alloys

ASME 2012 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference ◽

10.1115/msec2012-7338 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mathew Kuttolamadom ◽

Parikshit Mehta ◽

Laine Mears ◽

Thomas Kurfess

Keyword(s):

Wear Rate ◽

Tool Wear ◽

Titanium Alloys ◽

Material Removal Rate ◽

Material Removal ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Tool Material ◽

Feed Speed ◽

Volumetric Wear ◽

Machining Economics

The objective of this paper is to assess the correlation of volumetric tool wear (VTW) and wear rate of carbide tools on the material removal rate (MRR) of titanium alloys. A previously developed methodology for assessing the worn tool material volume is utilized for quantifying the VTW of carbide tools when machining Ti-6Al-4V. To capture the tool substrate response, controlled milling experiments are conducted at suitable corner points of the feed-speed design space for constant stock material removal volumes. For each case, the tool material volumes worn away, as well as the corresponding volumetric wear profile evolution in terms of a set of geometric coefficients are quantified — these are then related to the MRR. Further, the volumetric wear rate and the M-ratio (volume of stock removed to VTW), which is a measure of the cutting tool efficiency, are related to the MRR — these provide a tool-centered optimal MRR in terms of profitability. This work not only elevates tool wear from a 1-D to 3-D concept, but helps in assessing machining economics from a stock material removal efficiency perspective as well.

Download Full-text

Modeling the processes of friction and wear under dynamic influences on the tribosystem

PROBLEMS OF TRIBOLOGY ◽

10.31891/2079-1372-2020-97-3-45-49 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 97 (3) ◽

pp. 45-49

Author(s):

A. Voitov ◽

Keyword(s):

Wear Rate ◽

Coefficient Of Variation ◽

Friction And Wear ◽

Operating Time ◽

Dynamic Effect ◽

External Action ◽

Volumetric Wear ◽

Distribution Law ◽

Sliding Speed ◽

The Impact

On the basis of the performed analysis of works devoted to the increase in the wear rate due to the dynamic effect on the tribosystem, expressions were obtained for modeling the processes of friction and wear when changing the external influence. Based on the assumption that the dynamic impact obeys the normal distribution law, the coefficient of variation of the volumetric wear rate. The simulation of the change in the coefficient of variation when changing the load and sliding speed on the tribosystem, as well as the number of steps of changing the load and operating time at each stage. It was found that in the absence of fluctuations in the load and sliding speed, the coefficient of variation of the volumetric wear rate is 1. With an increase in the value of the standard deviation of the external action and the number of steps of change in the action, the coefficient of variation of the volumetric wear rate increases to values 2,59, those volumetric wear rate increases by 1,125 … 2,59 times. This is confirmed by experimental dependencies. The simulation results are adequate to the experimental results with a confidence level 0,9. Calculated modeling error for each series of experiments, which does not exceed 11,03 %. It was found that when changing the power of the bully tribosystem Wb, which is defined as the product of the load and the sliding speed, the coefficient of variation of the volumetric wear rate increases by 1,25 … 4,68 times. Taking into account the range of changes in the external impact and the operating time at each stage of change in the impact will provide information in the form of a coefficient of increasing the wear rate.

Download Full-text