Effect of firing temperature on sintering of cordierite-mullite refractories from raw materials and Narathiwat clay in Thailand

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 14036-14040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nattawut Ariyajinno ◽  
Sakdipown Thiansem
Keyword(s):  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials

scholarly journals Mineralogical Characterization and Firing Temperature Delineation on Minoan Pottery, Focusing on the Application of Micro-Raman Spectroscopy

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 2652-2664 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Grammatikakis ◽  
Kyriakidis ◽  
D. Demadis ◽  
Cabeza Diaz ◽  
Leon-Reina
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Ceramic Technology ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
Analytical Protocol ◽  
Crucial Information ◽  
Analytical Tools

Ceramic objects in whole or in fragments usually account for the majority of findings in an archaeological excavation. Thus, through examination of the values these items bear, it is possible to extract important information regarding raw materials provenance and ceramic technology. For this purpose, either traditional examination protocols could be followed, focusing on the macroscopic/morphological characteristics of the ancient object, or more sophisticated physicochemical techniques are employed. Nevertheless, there are cases where, due to the uniqueness and the significance of an object of archaeological value, sampling is impossible. Then, the available analytical tools are extremely limited, especially when molecular information and mineral phase identification is required. In this context, the results acquired from a multiphase clay ceramic dated on Early Neopalatioal period ΜΜΙΙΙΑLMIA (1750 B.C.E.–1490 B.C.E.), from the Minoan Bronze Age site at Philioremos (Crete, Greece) through the application of Raman confocal spectroscopy, a nondestructive/ noninvasive method are reported. The spectroscopic results are confirmed through the application of Xray microdiffraction and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive Xray spectrometry. Moreover, it is demonstrated how it is made possible through the application of microRaman (μRaman) spectroscopy to examine and collect crucial information from very small inclusions in the ceramic fabric. The aim of this approach is to develop an analytical protocol based on μRaman spectroscopy, for extracting firing temperature information from other ceramic finds (figurines) where due to their uniqueness sampling and analyses through other techniques is not possible. This information can lead to dating but also to firing kiln technology extrapolations that are very significant in archaeology.

The Influence of Ferrous Metallurgy Waste in the Aktobe Region on the Frost Resistance of Ceramic Bricks Based on Low-Melting Clay

2021 ◽  
Vol 887 ◽  
pp. 453-459
Author(s):  
A.K. Kairakbaev ◽  
E. S. Abdrakhimova ◽  
V.Z. Abdrakhimov
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Glass Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Residual Moisture ◽  
Chromite Ore ◽  
Alkali Oxides ◽  
Pass Through

The research objective is studying the effect of tailing slurry of chromite ore beneficiation on the phase composition and frost resistance of ceramic bricks obtained based on low-melting clay. For the study, two compositions were taken, % wt.: 1) the optimal composition ─ low-melting clay of the Ilek deposit - 70, tailing slurry of chromite ore beneficiation, 2) the reference composition ─ low-melting clay of the Ilek deposit - 100. Raw materials were crushed to pass through a sieve No. 1.0 mm; then, the components were thoroughly mixed. The bricks were prepared by melting at a batch moisture content of 22 %. The mold bricks were dried to a residual moisture content of 5 % max. The dried bricks were fired at temperatures, оС: 950 (the glass phase emergence), and 1,050 (the final brick firing temperature). The increased content of iron oxide (Fe2O3=12.3 %) and alkali oxides (R2O=3.2 %) in the tailing slurry of chromite ore beneficiation contributed to the liquid phase emergence at 950 оС. Colorless, yellowish, and brown glasses with refractive indices N within 1.50-1.54, forming as a result of melting of spars and mixed-layer clayey formations, were observed under the microscope in the studied prototypes of composition No. 1 at a firing temperature of 950 °C. In the composition No. 2, a liquid phase also emerges, but in smaller quantities. Adding tailing slurry of chromite ore beneficiation to ceramic masses contributes to the formation of anorthite and glass phase in prototypes based on low-melting clay at a firing temperature of 950 °C. An increase in the firing temperature to 1,050 °C increases the content of the glass phase and anorthite, which significantly improves the frost resistance of ceramic bricks.

An Archaeometric Characterization of Ancient Pottery from Huagangshan Site, Eastern Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying San Liou
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Carbon ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Metal Age

<p>Micro-Raman spectroscopy and petrographic analysis was carried out on ancient potsherds and sediments excavated from the Huagangshan site and river sediments collected from the northern part of eastern Taiwan. The ceramic fragments analyzed, dating back to 1600-2100 B.P., are recognized to be Early Metal Age of Taiwan. The aims of this study are mainly to identify the mineralogical compositions of ceramics, to explore technical processes such as firing temperature and redox state, and to decipher the nature of clays and its raw materials source.</p><p>The results of micro-Raman analysis for ancient potsherds show the presence of 12 minerals. Quartz, anatase, amorphous carbon, hematite, and pyroxenes are the main components of tempers. In addition, amorphous carbon and hematite are the main constitutes for black- and red- hues pottery, respectively. From the point of view of manufacturing techniques, a large amount of amorphous amorphous carbon indicates that the gray-black pottery is fired under a reducing condition. On the contrary, hematite reveals an oxidizing atmosphere for red-hues pottery. The presence of quartz and anatase implies that the firing temperature is estimated to be 750-950°C. A total of 66 samples, containing 23 ceramic fragments (local and imported products) and 6 sediment from cultural strata of archaeological site and 33 river sediments around the site, is implemented by petrographic analysis of thin sections. Petrographic analytic results of 23 potshards show that the proportion of clay is consistent (60.5~69.1%). The inclusions principally include quartz (polycrystalline and monocrystalline quartz), feldspar, muscovite, and volcanic, sedimentary and metamorphic lithic fragments, and quartz is the main component. In addition, the triangle map with ingredients (volcanic lithics+quartz－sedimentary lithics－metamorphic lithics) shows that the raw materials source of local and main stream pottery recognized by archaeologist is not local, but comes from a distance area (the Coastal Range). On the other hand, imported pottery indicates the raw materials source is indeed from the central and southern Central Range (some distance south of the site). The result further illustrates the vigorous exchange and/or trade activities between the populations of eastern Taiwan during the Early Metal Age (1600-2100 B.P.).</p>

scholarly journals Effects of oxidation of SiC aggregates on the sintering behaviour and microstructures of SiC-CaAl12O19 composite refractories

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Yaochen Si ◽  
Miao Xia ◽  
Hongxia Li ◽  
Honggang Sun ◽  
Ang Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Coal Slurry ◽  
Refractory Materials ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Active Oxidation ◽  
Passive Oxidation ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Sintering Behaviour

In order to develop chrome-free refractory materials applicable in coal slurry gasification, SiC-CaAl12O19 (SiC-CA6) composite refractories were developed and prepared by using SiC aggregates and CA6 powders as main raw materials. The sintering behaviour of the composites was investigated. After firing at different temperatures under CO atmosphere, the effects of oxidation of SiC aggregates on the sintering behaviour and microstructures of SiC-CA6 composite refractorieswere investigated. SiC-CA6 composites could not be sintered when firing temperature was lower than 1500?C. SiC had a passive oxidation and the oxidation components were able to react with CA6 to form CaAl2Si2O8. The CaAl2Si2O8 melted into liquid when sintering temperature was in the range of 1500-1600?C, which promoted the sintering process of the SiC-CA6 composites. At temperatures above 1600 ?C, an active oxidation of SiC occurred. Simultaneously, SiC could also reacted with the SiO2(s,l) to form SiO, leading to the precipitation of Al2O3 and CaO in the liquid to generate plate-like CA6. Above this temperature, the sintering of the SiC-CA6 composite refractories was affected by the growth of CA6 and oxidation of SiC. This work demonstrates that the optimal sintering temperature for the SiC-CA6 composite refractories was 1600?C.

scholarly journals Chemical and mineralogical characterization of portuguese ceramic tiles in the historic center of São Luís do Maranhão (Brazil): an approximation of the mineralogy and firing temperature of the raw materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Manuel Rivas Mercury ◽  
Domingos de Jesus Costa Pereira ◽  
Nazaré do Socorro Lemos Silva Vasconcelos ◽  
Aluísio Alves Cabral Jr. ◽  
Romulo Simões Angélica
Keyword(s):  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
Calcium Carbonates ◽  
Historic Center ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Materials Used

This work involved the first-ever characterization of antique Portuguese ceramic wall tiles in the Historic Center of São Luis do Maranhão, Brazil. The tiles were characterized by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and chemical analysis to identify the possible raw materials used in the fabrication process, as well as the firing temperature of these materials. The results indicate that the microstructure of these materials consists of pores of varying sizes with calcite incrustations and quartz grain sizes smaller than 500 µm distributed in a pinkish yellow matrix, which were identified by XRD as calcite, gehlenite, wollastonite, quartz, and amorphous mineral phases. Based on this information, it can be inferred that the original raw materials probably consisted of a mixture of kaolinitic clays (Al2O3·2SiO2·2H2O) rich in calcium carbonates and quartz, or mixtures of kaolinitic clays, quartz and calcite, which did not reach the pre-firing temperature of 950ºC.

Preliminary Evaluation of Mukah Clay Deposits

2012 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 458-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazman Seli ◽  
Japri Bujang ◽  
Zainal Arifin Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Structural Ceramics ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Clay Deposits ◽  
Floor Tiles

Mukah clay deposits are characterized and evaluated for their potential as industrial raw materials through chemical, mineralogical and fired body (900 to 1250o C) physical properties determinations. Results show that the main oxides in the samples are SiO2 and Al2O3, whereas the other oxides present only in small quantity. Kaolinite and quartz present as dominant mineral phases and the minor phases of muscovite, nacrite, illite also appeared in the samples. From the results of the fired properties, the significant development of densification of ceramic behaviour can be noticed at the firing temperature above 1000°C. Mukah clay demonstrated that it is most suitable to be used as raw materials for making pottery, general refractory, structural ceramics, wall and floor tiles.

SEM-EDX and FTIR analysis of archaeological ceramic potteries from southern Italy

Microscopy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 371-380
Author(s):  
Tania Dey ◽  
Joseph Coleman Carter ◽  
Keith Swift
Keyword(s):  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Silica Nanoparticle ◽  
Glassy Matrix ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Two Samples

Abstract Sherds of ancient ceramics potteries, dating back to the seventh century BC and excavated from southern Italy, were analyzed in terms of microstructure and porosity (SEM), elemental composition (EDX), chemical bonding and mineralogical components (FTIR) in order to establish correlation with firing temperature, firing condition and provenance. Si/Al ratio from EDX analysis showed three major categories of raw materials (illite/montmorillonite, kaolinite and mullite), suggesting difference in provenance. Uniformly sized silica nanoparticle (0.7 μm diameter) and trace amount of silver are being reported for the first time in one sample. Anorthite mineral and quartz inclusion was detected by FTIR in certain samples. All samples showed a prominent band for Si-O stretching, which shifted from 1062 cm−1, broadened and appeared as doublet, relative to processing temperature. FTIR results proved incomplete dihydroxylation and undissociated carbonate in three samples, indicating a firing temperature of 700–800°C, whereas other samples were fired above 900°C. Only one sample among these three showed bloating pores in between interconnecting glassy matrix in SEM image, indicating a firing temperature of 1100–1200°C. The absence of magnetite along with significant Fe and Mn content indicated the formation of jacobsite, an iron manganese spinel complex, MnFe2O4, which is responsible for the black gloss effect in two particular samples and can be further confirmed by XRD. The presence of numerous small pores in SEM image of one of these two samples (1.2 μm diameter) was indicative of extended vitrification at higher temperature than the other one. However, magnetite was responsible for black gloss effect in two other samples, proving difference in provenance. Therefore, SEM-EDX and FTIR results can offer valuable insight into the firing conditions, gloss decoration and provenance of ancient ceramic potteries.

Research on the Technical Conditions on Synthesizing Calcium Zirconate Material

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 1765-1770
Author(s):  
Jie Gang You ◽  
Guo Dong Zhang ◽  
Dian Li Qu
Keyword(s):  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Calcium Zirconate ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Zirconia Powder ◽  
Impurity Composition ◽  
Synthetic Rate ◽  
Moulding Pressure ◽  
Transmission Quality

The synthesizing CaZrO3are prepared with fused zirconia powder (0.044mm), monoatomic zirconia powder (0.044mm), desilication zirconia powder (0.044mm) and calcium oxide powder (0.044mm). The effect of different moulding pressure and firing temperature on synthesizing CaZrO3has been studied in this paper. The test results show that: The impurity composition SiO2and Al2O3in raw material have participated in reaction, and generated liquid, accelerated transmission quality speed of reaction. Desilication ZrO2is the best ZrO2raw material to synthesizing CaZrO3in above three ZrO2raw materials, firing temperature markedly influence the synthetic rate of CaZrO3, but moulding pressure is not this. Desilication ZrO2and CaO as raw material, firing 1600°C for 3h, pressure at 160Mpa and one stage burning process are the best technical conditions to synthesize CaZrO3.

Reconstructing the Firing and Pigment Processing Technologies of Corinthian Polychrome Ceramics, 8-6th Centuries B.C.E.

MRS Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (35-36) ◽  
pp. 1889-1909
Author(s):  
Catherine Klesner ◽  
Jay A. Stephens ◽  
Emilio Rodriguez-Alvarez ◽  
Pamela B. Vandiver
Keyword(s):  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Ceramic Technology ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Material Particle ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Firing Range

ABSTRACTDecorative, polychrome ceramics from Corinth, Greece, produced during the 8th-6th centuries B.C.E. were luxury goods widely traded throughout Greece and the Mediterranean. Corinthian pottery is the first 5-color polychrome ceramic technology, having slip-glazes in distinctive white, black, red, yellow, and purple colors, and in a variety of surface finishes from glossy, to semi-matte, to matte. The firing temperature range, 925-1075°C, was determined experimentally to be to be higher than previously reported, similar to the Corinthian amphorae and other ceramic products. This firing range is higher than that of the better known, more prestigious Athenian Black-figure and Red-figure ceramics. In this study three examples of Corinthian and one example of Athenian Black-figure ceramics from the Marie Farnsworth collection at the University of Arizona were tested and compared to thirteen clays from Corinth. Analytical techniques included Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning-electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), micro-Raman spectroscopy, and wavelength-dispersive electron microprobe (EPMA with BSE-SEM).Artisans in Corinthian workshops experimented to change the colors of the slips by varying the type and amount of iron-rich raw material, as well as the composition of the clay used as a binder and the amount of flux used as a sintering aid to promote glass formation. Corinthian artisans developed not only different recipes to produce the various colors, but also they were able to control raw-material particle size and composition to produce variations in surface luster (matte, semi-matte and glossy). This research suggests that Corinthian polychrome-slip technology was based on careful control of particle processing, of compositional control of raw materials and their admixtures, and of firing temperature. The behavior or practice of adding different ratios of pigments and glass-forming fluxes to form various optical effects implies a detailed knowledge of what happens when these are heated and fired. This is a process of experimentation focused on developing a distinctive craft practice, which produced a distinctive and highly valued material. The Corinthians developed a more complex, easily recognizable, and culturally distinctive ceramic technology that was intentionally established as a cultural brand, and probably as a luxury brand of high socio-economic value. This research deepens our understanding of the complex pigment processing and firing technologies employed in the production of Corinthian ceramics.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document