Effects of long non-coding RNAs on androgen signaling pathways in genitourinary malignancies

: Central dogma of molecular biology has remained cornerstone of classical molecular biology but serendipitous discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) in nematodes paradigmatically shifted our current understanding of the intricate mech-anisms which occur during transitions from transcription to translation. Discovery of miRNA captured tremendous attention and appreciation and we had witnessed an explosion in the field of non-coding RNAs. Ground-breaking discoveries in the field of non-coding RNAs have helped in better characterization of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs). There is an ever-increasing list of miRNA targets which are regulated by MALAT1 to stimulate or repress expression of tar-get genes. However, in this review our main focus is to summarize mechanistic insights related to MALAT1-mediated regu-lation of oncogenic signaling pathways. We have discussed how MALAT1 modulated TGF/SMAD and Hippo pathways in various cancers. We have also comprehensively summarized how JAK/STAT and Wnt/β-catenin pathways stimulated MALAT1 expression and consequentially how MALAT1 potentiated these signaling cascades to promote cancer. MALAT1 research has undergone substantial broadening however, there is still a need to identify additional mechanisms. MALAT1 is involved in multi-layered regulation of multiple transduction cascades and detailed analysis of different pathways will be helpful in getting a step closer to individualized medicine.

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MicroRNAs and Oxidative Stress: An Intriguing Crosstalk to Be Exploited in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10050802 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 802

Author(s):

Teresa Vezza ◽

Aranzazu M. de Marañón ◽

Francisco Canet ◽

Pedro Díaz-Pozo ◽

Miguel Marti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Signaling Pathways ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Critical Role ◽

Cell Dysfunction ◽

Non Coding Rnas ◽

And Oxidative Stress ◽

Molecular Crosstalk

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease widespread throughout the world, with significant human, social, and economic costs. Its multifactorial etiology leads to persistent hyperglycemia, impaired carbohydrate and fat metabolism, chronic inflammation, and defects in insulin secretion or insulin action, or both. Emerging evidence reveals that oxidative stress has a critical role in the development of type 2 diabetes. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species can promote an imbalance between the production and neutralization of antioxidant defence systems, thus favoring lipid accumulation, cellular stress, and the activation of cytosolic signaling pathways, and inducing β-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, and tissue inflammation. Over the last few years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have attracted growing attention as important mediators of diverse aspects of oxidative stress. These small endogenous non-coding RNAs of 19–24 nucleotides act as negative regulators of gene expression, including the modulation of redox signaling pathways. The present review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge concerning the molecular crosstalk that takes place between oxidative stress and microRNAs in the physiopathology of type 2 diabetes, with a special emphasis on its potential as a therapeutic target.

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ADAMTS9-AS2: A functional long non-coding RNA in tumorigenesis

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612827666210325105106 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

Author(s):

Wen Xu ◽

Bei Wang ◽

Yuxuan Cai ◽

Jinlan Chen ◽

Xing Lv ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Signaling Pathways ◽

Therapeutic Target ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Human Cancer ◽

Migration Inhibition ◽

Cancer Proliferation ◽

Non Coding Rna ◽

Non Coding Rnas ◽

Long Non Coding Rna

Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) have been identified as novel molecular regulators in cancers. LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 can mediate the occurrence and development of cancer through various ways such as regulating miRNAs, activating the classical signaling pathways in cancer, and so on, which have been studied by many scholars. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of ADAMTS9-AS2 in different human cancers. Methods: Through a systematic search of PubMed, lncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 mediated molecular mechanisms in cancer are summarized inductively. Results: ADAMTS9-AS2 aberrantly expression in different cancers is closely related to cancer proliferation, invasion, migration, inhibition of apoptosis. The involvement of ADAMTS9-AS2 in DNA methylation, mediating PI3K / Akt / mTOR signaling pathways, regulating miRNAs and proteins, and such shows its significant potential as a therapeutic cancer target. Conclusion: LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 can become a promising biomolecular marker and a therapeutic target for human cancer.

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Long noncoding RNAs: fine-tuners hidden in the cancer signaling network

Cell Death Discovery ◽

10.1038/s41420-021-00678-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shanshan Zhao ◽

Xue Zhang ◽

Shuo Chen ◽

Song Zhang

Keyword(s):

Signaling Pathways ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Noncoding Rnas ◽

Fine Tuning ◽

Multiple Perspectives ◽

Sequencing Technology ◽

Protein Coding ◽

Abnormal Signal ◽

Non Coding Rnas

AbstractWith the development of sequencing technology, a large number of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified in addition to coding genes. LncRNAs, originally considered as junk RNA, are dysregulated in various types of cancer. Although protein-coding signaling pathways underlie various biological activities, and abnormal signal transduction is a key trigger and indicator for tumorigenesis and cancer progression, lncRNAs are sparking keen interest due to their versatile roles in fine-tuning signaling pathways. We are just beginning to scratch the surface of lncRNAs. Therefore, despite the fact that lncRNAs drive malignant phenotypes from multiple perspectives, in this review, we focus on important signaling pathways modulated by lncRNAs in cancer to demonstrate an up-to-date understanding of this emerging field.

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Role of MicroRNAs and Long Non-Coding RNAs in Regulating Angiogenesis in Human Breast Cancer- A Molecular Medicine Perspective

Current Molecular Medicine ◽

10.2174/1566524022666211217114527 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

Author(s):

Vandana Golhani ◽

Suman Kumar Ray ◽

Sukhes Mukherjee

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Gene Expression ◽

Signaling Pathways ◽

Cancer Therapeutics ◽

Molecular Medicine ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Protein Coding ◽

Controlled Systems ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Non Coding Rnas

: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are proficient in regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally. Considering the recent trend in exploiting non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as cancer therapeutics, the potential use of miRNAs and lncRNAs as biomarkers and novel therapeutic agents against angiogenesis is an important scientific aspect. An estimated 70% of the genome is actively transcribed, only 2% of which codes for known protein-coding genes. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a large and diverse class of RNAs > 200 nucleotides in length, and not translated into protein, and are of utmost importance and it governs the expression of genes in a temporal, spatial, and cell context-dependent manner. Angiogenesis is an essential process for organ morphogenesis and growth during development, and it is relevant during the repair of wounded tissue in adults. It is coordinated by an equilibrium of pro-and anti-angiogenic factors; nevertheless, when affected, it promotes several diseases, including breast cancer. Signaling pathways involved here are tightly controlled systems that regulate the appropriate timing of gene expression required for the differentiation of cells down a particular lineage essential for proper tissue development. Lately, scientific reports are indicating that ncRNAs, such as miRNAs, and lncRNAs, play critical roles in angiogenesis related to breast cancer. The specific roles of various miRNAs and lncRNAs in regulating angiogenesis in breast cancer, with particular focus on the downstream targets and signaling pathways regulated by these ncRNAs with molecular medicine perspective, are highlighted in this write-up.

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Epstein-Barr Virus Mediated Signaling in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Carcinogenesis

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers12092441 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 2441 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Timmy Richardo ◽

Pongphol Prattapong ◽

Chawalit Ngernsombat ◽

Nurulfitri Wisetyaningsih ◽

Hisashi Iizasa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽

Southeast Asia ◽

Signaling Pathways ◽

Epstein Barr Virus ◽

Barr Virus ◽

Ebv Infection ◽

Non Coding Rnas ◽

Epstein Barr ◽

Exact Relationship

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common tumors occurring in China and Southeast Asia. Etiology of NPC seems to be complex and involves many determinants, one of which is Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Although evidence demonstrates that EBV infection plays a key role in NPC carcinogenesis, the exact relationship between EBV and dysregulation of signaling pathways in NPC needs to be clarified. This review focuses on the interplay between EBV and NPC cells and the corresponding signaling pathways, which are modulated by EBV oncoproteins and non-coding RNAs. These altered signaling pathways could be critical for the initiation and progression of NPC.

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Non-coding RNAs in cancers with chromosomal rearrangements: the signatures, causes, functions and implications

Journal of Molecular Cell Biology ◽

10.1093/jmcb/mjz080 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 886-898 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cai Han ◽

Lin-Yu Sun ◽

Wen-Tao Wang ◽

Yu-Meng Sun ◽

Yue-Qin Chen

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Signaling Pathways ◽

Fusion Proteins ◽

Gene Fusion ◽

Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽

Chromosomal Translocation ◽

Chromosomal Translocations ◽

Rna Molecules ◽

Non Coding Rnas ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Chromosomal translocation leads to the juxtaposition of two otherwise separate DNA loci, which could result in gene fusion. These rearrangements at the DNA level are catastrophic events and often have causal roles in tumorigenesis. The oncogenic DNA messages are transferred to RNA molecules, which are in most cases translated into cancerous fusion proteins. Gene expression programs and signaling pathways are altered in these cytogenetically abnormal contexts. Notably, non-coding RNAs have attracted increasing attention and are believed to be tightly associated with chromosome-rearranged cancers. These RNAs not only function as modulators in downstream pathways but also directly affect chromosomal translocation or the associated products. This review summarizes recent research advances on the relationship between non-coding RNAs and chromosomal translocations and on diverse functions of non-coding RNAs in cancers with chromosomal rearrangements.

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TGF-β and WNT signaling pathways in cardiac fibrosis: non-coding RNAs come into focus

Cell Communication and Signaling ◽

10.1186/s12964-020-00555-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Fatemeh Yousefi ◽

Zahra Shabaninejad ◽

Sina Vakili ◽

Maryam Derakhshan ◽

Ahmad Movahedpour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wnt Signaling ◽

Signaling Pathways ◽

Cardiac Fibrosis ◽

Non Coding Rnas

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Progress of Signaling Pathways, Stress Pathways and Epigenetics in the Pathogenesis of Skeletal Fluorosis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms222111932 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (21) ◽

pp. 11932

Author(s):

Lichun Qiao ◽

Xuan Liu ◽

Yujie He ◽

Jiaheng Zhang ◽

Hao Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Signaling Pathways ◽

Insulin Signaling ◽

Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Essential Trace Element ◽

Skeletal Fluorosis ◽

Effective Prevention ◽

Non Coding Rnas ◽

Chronic Fluorosis ◽

High Concentrations

Fluorine is widely dispersed in nature and has multiple physiological functions. Although it is usually regarded as an essential trace element for humans, this view is not held universally. Moreover, chronic fluorosis, mainly characterized by skeletal fluorosis, can be induced by long-term excessive fluoride consumption. High concentrations of fluoride in the environment and drinking water are major causes, and patients with skeletal fluorosis mainly present with symptoms of osteosclerosis, osteochondrosis, osteoporosis, and degenerative changes in joint cartilage. Etiologies for skeletal fluorosis have been established, but the specific pathogenesis is inconclusive. Currently, active osteogenesis and accelerated bone turnover are considered critical processes in the progression of skeletal fluorosis. In recent years, researchers have conducted extensive studies in fields of signaling pathways (Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Hedgehog, parathyroid hormone, and insulin signaling pathways), stress pathways (oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways), epigenetics (DNA methylation and non-coding RNAs), and their inter-regulation involved in the pathogenesis of skeletal fluorosis. In this review, we summarised and analyzed relevant findings to provide a basis for comprehensive understandings of the pathogenesis of skeletal fluorosis and hopefully propose more effective prevention and therapeutic strategies.

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