Synthesis, characterization, DNA/HSA interactions and in vitro cytotoxic activities of two novel water-soluble copper(II) complexes with 1,3,5-triazine derivative ligand and amino acids

Starting from the active ingredient shikimic acid (SA) of traditional Chinese medicine and NH2(CH2)nOH, (n=2–6), we have synthesized a series of new water-soluble Pt(II) complexes PtLa–eCl2, where La–eare chelating diamine ligands with carbon chain covalently attached to SA (La–e= SA-NH(CH2)nNHCH2CH2NH2; La,n=2; Lb,n=3; Lc,n=4; Ld,n=5; Le,n=6). The results of the elemental analysis, LC-MS, capillary electrophoresis, and1H,13C NMR indicated that there was only one product (isomer) formed under the present experimental conditions, in which the coordinate mode of PtLa–eCl2was two-amine bidentate. Theirin vitrocytotoxic activities were evaluated by MTT method, where these compounds only exhibited low cytotoxicity towards BEL7404, which should correlate their low lipophilicity. The interactions of the five Pt(II) complexes with DNA were investigated by agarose gel electrophoresis, which suggests that the Pt(II) complexes could induce DNA alteration. We also studied the interactions of the Pt(II) complexes with5′-GMP with ESI-MS and1H NMR and found that PtLbCl2, PtLcCl2, and PtLdCl2could react with5′-GMP to form mono-GMP and bis-GMP adducts. Furthermore, the cell-cycle analysis revealed that PtLbCl2, PtLcCl2cause cell G2-phase arrest after incubation for 72 h. Overall, these water-soluble Pt(II) complexes interact with DNA mainly through covalent binding, which blocks the DNA synthesis and replication and thus induces cytotoxicity that weakens as the length of carbon chain increases.

Download Full-text

The effect of ammonium on photosynthesis and the pathway of ammonium assimilation in Gymnodinium microadriaticum in vitro and in symbiosis with tridacnid clams and corals

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.1986.0016 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 227 (1247) ◽

pp. 147-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Ammonium Assimilation ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Ammonium Uptake ◽

Ammonium Ion ◽

Ammonium Ions ◽

Tissue Slices ◽

Marine Animals ◽

Symbiotic Algae

The effects of added ammonium ion (10-1000 μM) on photosynthetic 14 CO 2 fixation by tissues slices from the mantle of tridacnid clams, by coral tips, and by isolated zooxanthellae from clam mantle were examined. Ammonium ions stimulated photosynthesis in tissue slices but not in freshly isolated zooxanthellae. When ammonium stimulated 14 CO 2 fixation by coral tips an increase in water-soluble labelled compounds, especially amino acids, was observed. Even though ammonium ions did not stimulate photosynthesis in isolated zooxanthellae from clam mantle, light stimulated ammonium uptake in these cells. Studies with 15 NH + 4 confirmed earlier observations (in zooxanthellae isolated from Hippopus ) of light-stimulated transfer of ammonium from the amido-N of glutamine to the amino-N of glutamate, glutamine and other amino acids. This observation, in isolated zooxanthellae and tissue slices, suggests that the glutamine synthase-glutamate synthetase pathway of ammonium incorporation is light-driven in these systems. The possible significance of these processes during ammonium recycling by symbiotic algae in marine animals is discussed.

Download Full-text

LATENT VIRAL INFECTION OF CELLS IN TISSUE CULTURE

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.103.6.765 ◽

1956 ◽

Vol 103 (6) ◽

pp. 765-775 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Karl M. Johnson ◽

Herbert R. Morgan

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Viral Infection ◽

Synthetic Medium ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Virus Growth ◽

Viral Multiplication ◽

Minimum Number ◽

Synthetic Media ◽

Stimulation Of

When chick embryo tissues cultivated for 13 days in Hanks's balanced salt solution (BSS) were infected with psittacosis virus (6BC), they did not support active viral multiplication until synthetic medium 199 of Parker (3) was added. By testing various combinations of the substances in this and other synthetic media, it was found that the minimum number of compounds required to effectively stimulate virus growth in the presence of BSS comprised the amino acids and water-soluble vitamins found in medium 199. Addition of either amino acids or water-soluble vitamins alone to BSS resulted in only slight stimulation of viral proliferation. Many constituents of the synthetic media were found not to be essential to the stimulation of viral multiplication. The following substances added to a medium containing amino acids and water-soluble vitamins in BSS failed to increase the quantity of virus produced: diphosphopyridine nucleotide (DPN), triphosphopyridine nucleotide (TPN), coenzyme A, the fat-soluble vitamins, ribose sugars, and three biological reducing agents: cysteine, glutathione, and ascorbic acid. Among other substances that proved to be not essential a group of purines and pyrimidines present in medium 199 were found to be probably toxic to cells in the concentrations used, since virus titers were lower in media containing these compounds than in those from which they were absent. A change in the nutritional status of these cells involving amino acids and water-soluble vitamins has thus permitted to transform a latent, undetectable viral infection to an inactive infection in vitro.

Download Full-text

Absolute Configuration of Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids, Their Wound Healing Properties and In Vitro Anti-Aging Effects

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md18010035 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 35 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maria Orfanoudaki ◽

Anja Hartmann ◽

Mostafa Alilou ◽

Thomas Gelbrich ◽

Patricia Planchenault ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Wound Healing ◽

Absolute Configuration ◽

Water Soluble ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Aging Effects ◽

Wide Range ◽

Glycation End Products ◽

Collagenase Inhibition

Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are water-soluble metabolites, reported to exhibit strong UV-absorbing properties. They have been found in a wide range of marine organisms, especially those that are exposed to extreme levels of sunlight, to protect them against solar radiation. In the present study, the absolute configuration of 14 mycosporine-like-amino acids was determined by combining the results of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) experiments and that of advanced Marfey’s method using LC-MS. The crystal structure of a shinorine hydrate was determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction data and its absolute configuration was established from anomalous-dispersion effects. Furthermore, the anti-aging and wound-healing properties of these metabolites were evaluated in three different assays namely the inhibition of collagenase, inhibition of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and wound healing assay (scratch assay).

Download Full-text

Chemotactic responses of Brugia pahangi infective third-stage larvae to tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-related compounds and amino acids

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x21000705 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 95 ◽

Author(s):

Y. Mitsui ◽

M. Miura ◽

K. Kato ◽

Y. Aoki

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Natural Infection ◽

Agar Plate ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Brugia Pahangi ◽

Third Stage ◽

Alkaline Conditions ◽

Acidic Conditions ◽

Related Compounds

Abstract Since the exogenous compound tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) showed a potent chemoattractant activity for Brugia pahangi infective third-stage larvae (L3), it was assumed that, in natural infection to a host, filarial L3 can be expected to recognize an endogenous Tris-related compound. In addition, a few amino acids have been identified as water-soluble attractants for second-stage juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita, a plant parasitic nematode. Therefore, the present study assesses the in vitro chemotactic responses of B. pahangi L3 to Tris-related compounds and amino acids using an agar-plate assay. Among Tris-related compounds, 2-amino-1,3-propanediol (APD) and 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (AMPD) exhibited a potent chemoattractant activity for filarial L3 at a level similar to Tris. Furthermore, arginine (Arg) was identified as a potent attractant for filarial L3 among amino acids. In addition, filarial L3 were attracted to Arg, APD and AMPD in mild alkaline conditions rather than acidic conditions. The chemoattractant activity of the three compounds for filarial L3 was observed in concentrations between 6.3 and 200 mm. This is the first report to demonstrate that Arg, APD and AMPD are potent chemoattractants for B. pahangi L3. Endogenous Arg and APD, in particular, may be involved in the regulation of the chemotactic behaviour of filarial L3 in the infection to a host. The present results will help to elucidate the mechanism of filarial skin-penetrating invasion of a host.

Download Full-text

BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF VEGETATIVE EXPLANTS AND CALLUS PINUS SIBIRICA DU TOUR

chemistry of plant raw material ◽

10.14258/jcprm.2020048530 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 395-403

Author(s):

Zhanna Aleksandrovna Koh ◽

Yuliya Aleksandrovna Litovka ◽

Polina Vasil'yevna Makolova ◽

Kseniya Aleksandrovna Shabanova ◽

Igor' Nikolayevich Pavlov

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Molecular Weight ◽

Callus Formation ◽

Sucrose Concentration ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Pinus Sibirica ◽

Pinus Sibirica Du Tour ◽

Tyrosine Content

The methods of sterilization of annual shoots Pinus sibirica Du Tour and the conditions for their introduction into in vitro culture were studied. Induction of callusogenesis of aseptically viable explants of P. sibirica proceeds more intensively on the modified Murasige-Skoog medium: hormonal supply of 0.4% kinetin and 0.25% 6-benzylaminopurine; reduced sucrose concentration of 1.5%. The frequency of callus formation was 83%. Close quantitative indicators of extractive substances were established (36 and 33% of absolutely dry weight for callus and explant, respectively); easily hydrolyzable polysaccharides (18 and 16%) and proteins (11 and 10%).Callus P. sibirica has a higher content of ascorbic acid, flavanoids, tocopherols and ash elements compared to explants and a low amount of hard-hydrolyzable polysaccharides, lipids, tannins, pigments, and essential oils.The electrophoretic spectrum of water-soluble callus proteins is represented by eleven fractions: 63% of the total water-soluble proteins are fractions with a molecular weight of 33 kD and above. Fractions with molecular weights of 50 and 62 kD (20 and 17%, respectively) are represented as much as possible.In the explants of P. sibirica, low molecular weight fractions of proteins with molecular masses of 5 kD and lower (59%) predominate. The amino acid composition of calli and explants of P. sibirica is identical and is represented by fifteen individual amino acids. Callus tissue has a higher content of glutamic acid and two hydrophobic amino acids (proline and isoleucine) compared to the vegetative part of the plant and low tyrosine content.

Download Full-text

Curcumin Nanoemulsion: Evaluation of Stability and Anti-Cancer Activity In Vitro

Journal of Nano Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.64.21 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 ◽

pp. 21-37

Author(s):

Thanh Binh Nguyen ◽

Thi Mai Huong Nguyen ◽

Thi Thu Huong Le ◽

Thi Thuy Phan ◽

Trong Tinh Nguyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Water Solubility ◽

Oral Absorption ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Therapeutic Drug ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Anti Cancer

Curcumin is a phytochemical compound extracted from the rhizomes of the plant Curcuma longa and shows intrinsic anti-cancer properties. Its medical application remains limited due to its extremely low water solubility and bioavailability. Addressing this problem, drug delivery systems based on nano-scale technology have emerged. Among the advanced techniques, the self-nano-emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) has been considered as an ideal method to enhance the oral absorption and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. The objectives of present study are to prepare a formulation of nanoemulsion containing curcuminoids of natural origin, assess its micro properties, stabilities and evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic activity against some cancer cells using tetrazolium dye MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazo- lium bromide] (MTT assay). Measurement results showed that the curcumin nanoemulsion was successfully synthesized with typical mean droplet sizes from 9 to 11 nm, and revealed an excellent stability over time. Curcumin in a nanoemulsion was more stable than unencapsulated curcumin. In vitro experiments on cytotoxic activities against Hela, HepG2 and H460 cancer cell lines indicated that the prepared curcumin nanoemulsion effectively inhibited the growth of all three cell lines with IC50 values of 8.6 µM, 14.5 µM and 5.3 µM respectively. Results of this study suggest that curcumin nanoemulsion can be considered as novel and promising chemo-preventive and therapeutic drug in treatment of cancer, and it may supply some useful ideas in developing anticancer drugs for further in vivo studies.

Download Full-text

Controlled Release of Metformin Hydrochloride I. In vitro Release from Physical Mixture Containing Xanthan Gum as Hydrophilic Rate Retarding Polymer

Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.3329/dujps.v4i1.200 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mashkura Ashrafi ◽

Jakir Ahmed Chowdhury ◽

Md Selim Reza

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

Xanthan Gum ◽

In Vitro Release ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

High Ratio ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Metformin Hydrochloride ◽

Model Drug ◽

Very High

Capsules of different formulations were prepared by using a hydrophilic polymer, xanthan gum and a filler Ludipress. Metformin hydrochloride, which is an anti-diabetic agent, was used as a model drug here with the aim to formulate sustained release capsules. In the first 6 formulations, metformin hydrochloride and xanthan gum were used in different ratio. Later, Ludipress was added to the formulations in a percentage of 8% to 41%. The total procedure was carried out by physical mixing of the ingredients and filling in capsule shells of size 1. As metformin hydrochloride is a highly water soluble drug, the dissolution test was done in 250 ml distilled water in a thermal shaker (Memmert) with a shaking speed of 50 rpm at 370C &plusmn 0.50C for 6 hours. After the dissolution, the data were treated with different kinetic models. The results found from the graphs and data show that the formulations follow the Higuchian release pattern as they showed correlation coefficients greater than 0.99 and the sustaining effect of the formulations was very high when the xanthan gum was used in a very high ratio with the drug. It was also investigated that the Ludipress extended the sustaining effect of the formulation to some extent. But after a certain period, Ludipress did not show any significant effect as the pores made by the xanthan gum network were already blocked. It is found here that when the metformin hydrochloride and the xanthan gum ratio was 1:1, showed a high percentage of drug release, i.e. 91.80% of drug was released after 6 hours. But With a xanthan gum and metformin hydrochloride ratio of 6:1, a very slow release of the drug was obtained. Only 66.68% of the drug was released after 6 hours. The percent loading in this case was 14%. Again, when Ludipress was used in high ratio, it was found to retard the release rate more prominently. Key words: Metformin Hydrochloride, Xanthan Gum, Controlled release capsule Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.4(1) 2005 The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website

Download Full-text

NGHIÊN CỨU ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA CHITOSAN HOÀ TAN TRONG NƯỚC ĐẾN NẤM Colletotrichum musae D1 GÂY BỆNH THÁN THƯ TRÊN CHUỐI Ở ĐIỀU KIỆN IN VITRO

HUE UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT ◽

10.26459/jard.v119i5.2898 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 119 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Lê Thanh Long ◽

Nguyễn Văn Toản ◽

Nguyễn Văn Huế ◽

Trang Sĩ Trung ◽

Vũ Ngọc Bội

Keyword(s):

Water Soluble ◽

28S Rrna ◽

Colletotrichum Musae

Chủng D1 phân lập từ các mẫu chuối có vết bệnh thán thư điển hình được sử dụng để nghiên cứu khả năng kháng nấm của chitosan hoà tan trong nước (Water-soluble chitosan_WSC) ở điều kiện in vitro. Kết quả phân tích trình tự gen mã hoá 28S rRNA của chủng D1 cho thấy tương đồng trình tự cao với các trình tự tương ứng của loài Colletotrichum musae và được ký hiệu là Colletotrichum musae D1. Kết quả các thí nghiệm đều cho thấy C. musae D1 rất nhạy cảm với WSC, hiệu lực ức chế tăng khi tăng nồng độ WSC xử lý ở điều kiện in vitro. Trên môi trường PDA, nồng độ 1,6% WSC ức chế hoàn toàn sự sinh trưởng của sợi nấm C. musae D1, nồng độ ức chế 50% (PIRG50) và nồng độ ức chế tối thiểu 90% (MIC90) tương ứng với nồng độ WSC 0,28% và 0,88%. Trong môi trường PDB, giá trị IC50 và MIC90 tương ứng là 0,11% và 0,43% và sự phát triển của sợi nấm C. musae D1 bị ức chế hoàn toàn ở nồng độ 0,8%. WSC không chỉ ức chế sự nảy mầm mà còn gây biến đổi bất thường bào tử nấm khi quan sát trên kính hiển vi.

Download Full-text