Non-coding RNA regulation in reproduction: Their potential use as biomarkers

6S RNA is a small, non-coding RNA that interacts directly with σ 70-RNA polymerase and regulates transcription at many σ 70-dependent promoters. Here, we demonstrate that 6S RNA regulates transcription of relA, which encodes a ppGpp synthase. The 6S RNA-dependent regulation of relA expression results in increased ppGpp levels during early stationary phase in cells lacking 6S RNA. These changes in ppGpp levels, although modest, are sufficient to result in altered regulation of transcription from σ 70-dependent promoters sensitive to ppGpp, including those promoting expression of genes involved in amino acid biosynthesis and rRNA. These data place 6S RNA as another player in maintaining appropriate gene expression as cells transition into stationary phase. Independent of this ppGpp-mediated 6S RNA-dependent regulation, we also demonstrate that in later stationary phase, 6S RNA continues to downregulate transcription in general, and specifically at a subset of the amino acid promoters, but through a mechanism that is independent of ppGpp and which we hypothesize is through direct regulation. In addition, 6S RNA-dependent regulation of σ S activity is not mediated through observed changes in ppGpp levels. We suggest a role for 6S RNA in modulating transcription of several global regulators directly, including relA, to downregulate expression of key pathways in response to changing environmental conditions.

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Changes in Non-Coding RNA in Depression and Bipolar Disorder: Can They Be Used as Diagnostic or Theranostic Biomarkers?

Non-Coding RNA ◽

10.3390/ncrna6030033 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Andrew Gibbons ◽

Suresh Sundram ◽

Brian Dean

Keyword(s):

Depressive Disorders ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Bipolar Disorders ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Risk Genes ◽

Biochemical Pathways ◽

Non Coding Rna ◽

Major Depressive Disorders ◽

Number Of Individuals ◽

Potential Use

The similarities between the depressive symptoms of Major Depressive Disorders (MDD) and Bipolar Disorders (BD) suggest these disorders have some commonality in their molecular pathophysiologies, which is not apparent from the risk genes shared between MDD and BD. This is significant, given the growing literature suggesting that changes in non-coding RNA may be important in both MDD and BD, because they are causing dysfunctions in the control of biochemical pathways that are affected in both disorders. Therefore, understanding the changes in non-coding RNA in MDD and BD will lead to a better understanding of how and why these disorders develop. Furthermore, as a significant number of individuals suffering with MDD and BD do not respond to medication, identifying non-coding RNA that are altered by the drugs used to treat these disorders offer the potential to identify biomarkers that could predict medication response. Such biomarkers offer the potential to quickly identify patients who are unlikely to respond to traditional medications so clinicians can refocus treatment strategies to ensure more effective outcomes for the patient. This review will focus on the evidence supporting the involvement of non-coding RNA in MDD and BD and their potential use as biomarkers for treatment response.

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The Intricate Interplay between Epigenetic Events, Alternative Splicing and Noncoding RNA Deregulation in Colorectal Cancer

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells8080929 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 929 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Raheleh Amirkhah ◽

Hojjat Naderi-Meshkin ◽

Jaynish Shah ◽

Philip Dunne ◽

Ulf Schmitz

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Alternative Splicing ◽

Noncoding Rna ◽

Tumour Microenvironment ◽

Rna Regulation ◽

Non Coding Rna ◽

Epigenetic Events ◽

Transcriptional Gene Regulation ◽

Aberrant Dna Methylation ◽

And Function

Colorectal cancer (CRC) results from a transformation of colonic epithelial cells into adenocarcinoma cells due to genetic and epigenetic instabilities, alongside remodelling of the surrounding stromal tumour microenvironment. Epithelial-specific epigenetic variations escorting this process include chromatin remodelling, histone modifications and aberrant DNA methylation, which influence gene expression, alternative splicing and function of non-coding RNA. In this review, we first highlight epigenetic modulators, modifiers and mediators in CRC, then we elaborate on causes and consequences of epigenetic alterations in CRC pathogenesis alongside an appraisal of the complex feedback mechanisms realized through alternative splicing and non-coding RNA regulation. An emphasis in our review is put on how this intricate network of epigenetic and post-transcriptional gene regulation evolves during the initiation, progression and metastasis formation in CRC.

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The Role of Epigenetics in Placental Development and the Etiology of Preeclampsia

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20112837 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (11) ◽

pp. 2837 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Clara Apicella ◽

Camino S. M. Ruano ◽

Céline Méhats ◽

Francisco Miralles ◽

Daniel Vaiman

Keyword(s):

Maternal Blood ◽

Placental Development ◽

Post Translational Modifications ◽

Epigenetic Marks ◽

Placental Function ◽

Non Coding Rna ◽

The Impact ◽

Long Non Coding Rna ◽

Potential Use

In this review, we comprehensively present the function of epigenetic regulations in normal placental development as well as in a prominent disease of placental origin, preeclampsia (PE). We describe current progress concerning the impact of DNA methylation, non-coding RNA (with a special emphasis on long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and microRNA (miRNA)) and more marginally histone post-translational modifications, in the processes leading to normal and abnormal placental function. We also explore the potential use of epigenetic marks circulating in the maternal blood flow as putative biomarkers able to prognosticate the onset of PE, as well as classifying it according to its severity. The correlation between epigenetic marks and impacts on gene expression is systematically evaluated for the different epigenetic marks analyzed.

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Advances in the Research of Long Non-Coding RNA Regulation Mechanism in Liver Cancer

World Journal of Cancer Research ◽

10.12677/wjcr.2018.83016 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 08 (03) ◽

pp. 100-107

Author(s):

凯崔

Keyword(s):

Liver Cancer ◽

Regulation Mechanism ◽

Rna Regulation ◽

Non Coding Rna ◽

Long Non Coding Rna

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Clinical Potential of miRNAs in Human and Infectious Diseases

Molecular and Cellular Therapies ◽

10.13052/mct2052-8426.811 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Malak Haidar ◽

Gordon Langlsey

Keyword(s):

Infectious Diseases ◽

Human Disease ◽

Host Response ◽

Disease Development ◽

General Outline ◽

Rna Molecules ◽

Non Coding Rna ◽

Therapeutic Tools ◽

Clinical Potential ◽

Potential Use

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that play critical roles in human disease. Several miRnome profiling studies have identified miRNAs deregulated in cancer and infectious diseases and miRNAs are also involved in regulation of the host response to infection. Thereby, the usage of miRNAs as biomarkers and potential treatments for both human and infectious diseases is under development. This review will provide insights into the contribution of miRNAs to pathogenesis and disease development and will present a general outline of the potential use of miRNAs as therapeutic tools.

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Non-coding RNA-Encoded Peptides/Proteins in Human Cancer: The Future for Cancer Therapy

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867328666211111163701 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

Author(s):

Seyedeh Zahra Bakhti ◽

Saeid Latifi-Navid

Keyword(s):

Cancer Metabolism ◽

Human Cancer ◽

Open Reading Frames ◽

Clinical Value ◽

Rna Transcripts ◽

Non Coding Rna ◽

Present Information ◽

Regulatory Functions ◽

Potential Use

: Although non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) were initially thought to be a class of RNA transcripts with no encoding capability, it has been established that some ncRNAs actually contain open reading frames (ORFs), which can be translated into micropeptides or microproteins. Recent studies have reported that ncRNAs-derived micropeptides/microproteins have regulatory functions on various biological and oncological processes. Some of these micropeptides/microproteins act as tumor inhibitors and some as tumor inducers. Understanding the carcinogenic role of ncRNAs-encoded micropeptides/microproteins seems to pose potential challenges to cancer research and offer promising practical perspectives on cancer treatment. In this review, we summarized the present information on the association of ncRNAs-derived micropeptides/microproteins with different types of human cancers. We also mentioned their carcinogenic mechanisms in cancer metabolism, signaling pathways, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and so on. Finally, we discussed the potential clinical value of these micropeptides/microproteins and their potential use in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. This information may help discover, optimize, and develop new tools based on biological micropeptides/microproteins for the early diagnosis and development of anticancer drugs.

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