Effect of simulated diagenesis on the compositions, chemical stability and sorption properties of natural and engineered organic matter with different mineral contents

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanfang Han ◽  
Ziying Wang ◽  
Marco Keiluweit ◽  
Yan Yang ◽  
Ke Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Stability ◽  
Sorption Properties ◽  
Mineral Contents

scholarly journals Characterization of Soil Organic Matter Individual Fractions (Fulvic Acids, Humic Acids, and Humins) by Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Techniques in Agricultural Soils

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1067
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga ◽  
Romualda Bejger ◽  
Guillaume Debaene ◽  
Bożena Smreczak
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Sorption Properties ◽  
Aliphatic Chains

The objective of this paper was to investigate the molecular characterization of soil organic matter fractions (humic substances (HS): fulvic acids-FAs, humic acids-HAs, and humins-HNs), which are the most reactive soil components. A wide spectrum of spectroscopic (UV–VIS and VIS–nearIR), as well as electrochemical (zeta potential, particle size diameter, and polydispersity index), methods were applied to find the relevant differences in the behavior, formation, composition, and sorption properties of HS fractions derived from various soils. Soil material (n = 30) used for the study were sampled from the surface layer (0–30 cm) of agricultural soils. FAs and HAs were isolated by sequential extraction in alkaline and acidic solutions, according to the International Humic Substances Society method, while HNs was determined in the soil residue (after FAs and HAs extraction) by mineral fraction digestion using a 0.1M HCL/0.3M HF mixture and DMSO. Our study showed that significant differences in the molecular structures of FAs, Has, and HNs occurred. Optical analysis confirmed the lower molecular weight of FAs with high amount of lignin-like compounds and the higher weighted aliphatic–aromatic structure of HAs. The HNs were characterized by a very pronounced and strong condensed structure associated with the highest molecular weight. HAs and HNs molecules exhibited an abundance of acidic, phenolic, and amine functional groups at the aromatic ring and aliphatic chains, while FAs mainly showed the presence of methyl, methylene, ethenyl, and carboxyl reactive groups. HS was characterized by high polydispersity related with their structure. FAs were characterized by ellipsoidal shape as being associated to the long aliphatic chains, while HAs and HNs revealed a smaller particle diameter and a more spherical shape caused by the higher intermolecular forcing between the particles. The observed trends directly indicate that individual HS fractions differ in behavior, formation, composition, and sorption properties, which reflects their binding potential to other molecules depending on soil properties resulting from their type. The determined properties of individual HS fractions are presented as averaged characteristics over the examined soils with different physico-chemical properties.

Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Resins for Cesium Removal from Solutions Produced after Processing Spent Ion-Exchangers

2020 ◽  
Vol 842 ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Eduard Tokar' ◽  
Marina Palamarchuk ◽  
Mikhail Tutov ◽  
Anna Matskevich ◽  
Andrei Egorin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Stability ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Sorption Properties ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Ion Exchangers ◽  
Resorcinol Formaldehyde ◽  
Dynamic Conditions ◽  
Cesium Removal ◽  
Dynamic Sorption ◽  
Short Contact Time

A series of resorcinol-formaldehyde resins (RFR) has been prepared and studied in terms of Cs-137 uptake efficiency from solutions (0.75М NaOH-2.25M NaNO3) intended for processing spent ion-exchangers. Sample synthesized at molar ratio of resorcinol to formaldehyde of 1.8:2.2 and solidified at 210 °C (sample RFR-3-1-210) has shown the best sorption-selective performance and chemical stability. Implementing RFR in dynamic sorption scheme enables to reduce its decay due to short contact time. In dynamic conditions, after feeding 1000 bed volumes of the solution, RFR 3-1-210 maintains its sorption properties after 6 sorption-desorption cycles.

The chemical stability of coffinite, USiO4·nH2O; 0

2008 ◽  
Vol 251 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 33-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur P. Deditius ◽  
Satoshi Utsunomiya ◽  
Rodney C. Ewing
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Chemical Stability

Nutrient composition of wheat grain and wheat bran in East Azerbaijan province of Iran

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 226-226
Author(s):  
Hossein Janmohammadi ◽  
Akbar Taghizadeh ◽  
Nasrollah Pirani ◽  
Djalil Shoja ◽  
Ali Nikkhah
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Production Area ◽  
East Azerbaijan

In Iran, East Azerbaijan province is one of the most important farm animal production area and feedstuffs such as wheat grain (WG) and wheat bran (WB) together with alfalfa hay, barley grain, and wheat straw are the most common ingredients of animal rations. In recent years, production of WG and its main by-product, WB, have considerably been increased. Organic matter and mineral contents of WG in a given area can be influenced markedly by climate, soil and fertilizer treatments, growth stage and agronomic factors. Nutrient composition of WB also depends on variety of WG and mill processing conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the nutrient composition of WG and WB to use in formulating balanced rations. The objective of present study was to determine nutrient composition of WG and WB in East Azerbaijan.

scholarly journals Assessment of Effectiveness of Klinoptilolyth and Ferro/cyanide Sorbents on its Base Use for Purification of Water Media and Immobilization of Radionuclides

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Chemical Stability ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Sorption Properties ◽  
Water Media ◽  
Natural Water Bodies ◽  
Purification Of Water

Outcomes of comparative research of sorption properties and chemical stability of natural klinoptilolyth and ferro/cyanide sorbents on its base are presented. It was stated that surface modification of klinoptilolyth enabled 100–1000 times increase of the cesium-saturated samples’ chemical stability. It was shown that ferro/cyanide sorbents based on klinoptilolyth were promising materials for rehabilitation of natural water bodies and soils.

scholarly journals Timescales of carbon turnover in soils with mixed crystalline mineralogies

SOIL ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesego Khomo ◽  
Susan Trumbore ◽  
Carleton R. Bern ◽  
Oliver A. Chadwick
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Turnover Time ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Fe Oxyhydroxides ◽  
The Mean

Abstract. Organic matter–mineral associations stabilize much of the carbon (C) stored globally in soils. Metastable short-range-order (SRO) minerals such as allophane and ferrihydrite provide one mechanism for long-term stabilization of organic matter in young soil. However, in soils with few SRO minerals and a predominance of crystalline aluminosilicate or Fe (and Al) oxyhydroxide, C turnover should be governed by chemisorption with those minerals. Here, we correlate mineral composition from soils containing small amounts of SRO minerals with mean turnover time (TT) of C estimated from radiocarbon (14C) in bulk soil, free light fraction and mineral-associated organic matter. We varied the mineral amount and composition by sampling ancient soils formed on different lithologies in arid to subhumid climates in Kruger National Park (KNP), South Africa. Mineral contents in bulk soils were assessed using chemical extractions to quantify Fe oxyhydroxides and SRO minerals. Because of our interest in the role of silicate clay mineralogy, particularly smectite (2 : 1) and kaolinite (1 : 1), we separately quantified the mineralogy of the clay-sized fraction using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and measured 14C on the same fraction. Density separation demonstrated that mineral associated C accounted for 40–70 % of bulk soil organic C in A and B1 horizons for granite, nephelinite and arid-zone gabbro soils, and > 80 % in other soils. Organic matter strongly associated with the isolated clay-sized fraction represented only 9–47 % of the bulk soil C. The mean TT of C strongly associated with the clay-sized fraction increased with the amount of smectite (2 : 1 clays); in samples with > 40 % smectite it averaged 1020 ± 460 years. The C not strongly associated with clay-sized minerals, including a combination of low-density C, the C associated with minerals of sizes between 2 µm and 2 cm (including Fe oxyhydroxides as coatings), and C removed from clay-sized material by 2 % hydrogen peroxide had TTs averaging 190 ± 190 years in surface horizons. Summed over the bulk soil profile, we found that smectite content correlated with the mean TT of bulk soil C across varied lithologies. The SRO mineral content in KNP soils was generally very low, except for the soils developed on gabbros under more humid climate that also had very high Fe and C contents with a surprisingly short, mean C TTs. In younger landscapes, SRO minerals are metastable and sequester C for long timescales. We hypothesize that in the KNP, SRO minerals represent a transient stage of mineral evolution and therefore lock up C for a shorter time. Overall, we found crystalline Fe-oxyhydroxides (determined as the difference between Fe in dithionate citrate and oxalate extractions) to be the strongest predictor for soil C content, while the mean TT of soil C was best predicted from the amount of smectite, which was also related to more easily measured bulk properties such as cation exchange capacity or pH. Combined with previous research on C turnover times in 2 : 1 vs. 1 : 1 clays, our results hold promise for predicting C inventory and persistence based on intrinsic timescales of specific carbon–mineral interactions.

scholarly journals Highly stable and porous porphyrin-based zirconium and hafnium phosphonates – electron crystallography as an important tool for structure elucidation

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 5467-5478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Rhauderwiek ◽  
Haishuang Zhao ◽  
Patrick Hirschle ◽  
Markus Döblinger ◽  
Bart Bueken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Stability ◽  
Structure Elucidation ◽  
Sorption Properties ◽  
Electron Crystallography ◽  
Highly Porous

A highly porous and stable Zr-MOF containing a planar porphyrin-based tetraphosphonic acid was synthesized and characterized regarding its sorption properties and chemical stability.

scholarly journals Mineral, protein and nitrate contents in leaves of Pereskia aculeata subjected to nitrogen fertilization

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Regina de Miranda Souza ◽  
Paulo Roberto Gomes Pereira ◽  
Ivan de Paiva Barbosa Magalhães ◽  
Maria Aparecida Nogueira Sediyama ◽  
Sanzio Mollica Vidigal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Mass Yield ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Considering that nitrogen is directly related to leaf protein content, the nitrogen fertilization in Pereskia aculeata plants may affect the protein content and increase its nutritional potential. This study aimed at assessing the effect of nitrogen fertilization on mineral, protein and nitrate contents, as well as the yield of P. aculeata leaves. A randomized blocks design was used, with three replications and five treatments, consisting of increasing topdressing nitrogen doses (0-400 kg ha-1), in soil with organic matter content of 4.0 dag kg-1. Three harvests were performed for leaf analysis. No significant effect was observed for mineral and protein content or leaf fresh mass yield. The mean values for mineral composition were: 3.52 dag kg-1 of N, 0.47 dag kg-1 of P, 4.65 dag kg-1 of Ca, 0.71 dag kg-1 of Mg, 0.25 dag kg-1 of S, 36.64 mg kg-1 of Zn and 174.13 mg kg-1 of Fe. The mean content for protein was 21.86 % and the leaf fresh mass yield was 0.971 kg plant-1. K levels decreased from 50 kg ha-1 of N. Nitrate increased linearly with the nitrogen fertilization, reaching a maximum value of 78.2 mg kg-1 of fresh mass, well below the health risk threshold. It was concluded that a soil with high organic matter content does not require nitrogen fertilization. However, doses up to 400 kg ha-1 of nitrogen ensure adequate leaf yield and protein and mineral contents within the desired range for the species, being a food rich in proteins, iron and calcium.

scholarly journals Geochemical, Mineralogical, and Lithofacies Characterizations of Lacustrine Shale: A Case Study From the Cangdong Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianzheng Zhao ◽  
Xiugang Pu ◽  
Lihong Zhou ◽  
Wenzhong Han ◽  
Bixiao Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Bohai Bay ◽  
Shale Oil ◽  
Oil Exploration ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
X Ray

The study of lithofacies identification and its distribution characterizations of shales is essential for the geological evaluation of shale oil exploration and development. In this study, core description, optical microscope, total organic carbon (TOC) content, whole-rock X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rock-Eval pyrolysis, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and well logging data were used in the qualitative analyses of the geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of shales. Since the work of detailed lithofacies identification is still lacking in the previous studies, based on TOC, sedimentary structure, and ternary diagram of siliceous minerals, carbonate minerals, and clay minerals, eight predominant lithofacies were identified in the shale of the second member of the Kongdian Formation (Ek2): ① low to moderate organic matter content (referred to as “low to moderate TOC”) massive calcareous mudstone (C-1); ② low to moderate TOC laminated calcareous mudstone (C-2); ③ low to moderate TOC layered mixed calcareous mudstone (C-3); ④ moderate to high organic matter content (referred to as “moderate to high TOC”) laminated calcareous siliceous mudstone (S-1); ⑤ moderate to high TOC massive mixed siliceous mudstone (S-2); ⑥ moderate to high TOC laminated clayey siliceous mudstone (S-3); ⑦ low to moderate TOC massive mixed mudstone (M-1); ⑧ moderate to high TOC layered calcareous/siliceous mixed mudstone (M-2). The favorability of lithofacies was investigated based on TOC, pyrolysis parameters, pore structures, and specific mineral contents. S-1 was currently considered as the most favorable lithofacies with excellent hydrocarbon potential, high amount of free hydrocarbon, and abundant organic pores; S-2, S-3, and M-2 were considered as favorable lithofacies, while C-1 and M-1 were ranked as the least-promising lithofacies in the research area. The lateral distribution of the shale is quite different, and Ek23 contains the most favorable lithofacies for shale oil exploration.

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