Application Study of the Microwave Emissivity Spectra in the Estimation of Salt Content of Saline Soil

AbstractIn this research, bioremediation of tsunami-affected polluted soil has been conducted by using collective microorganisms and recycled waste glass. The Tohoku earthquake, which was a mega earthquake in Japan triggered a huge tsunami on March 11th, 2011 that caused immeasurable damage to the geo-environmental conditions by polluting the soil with heavy metals and excessive salt content. Traditional methods to clean this polluted soil was not possible due to the excess cost and efforts. Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the capability of bioremediation of saline soil by using recycled waste glass. Different collective microorganisms which were incubated inside the laboratory were used. The electrical conductivity (EC) was measured at different specified depths. It was noticed that the electrical conductivity decreased with the assist of the microbial metabolisms significantly. Collective microorganisms (CM2) were the highly capable to reduce salinity (up to 75%) while using recycled waste glass as their habitat.

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SOIL SALINITY AND SAND CONTENT VARIABILITY DETERMINED BY TWO STATISTICAL METHODS IN AN IRRIGATED SALINE SOIL

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss88-021 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 209-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C. Chang ◽

T. G. SOMMERFELDT ◽

T. ENTZ

Keyword(s):

Soil Properties ◽

Statistical Methods ◽

Management Practices ◽

Saline Soil ◽

Salt Content ◽

Sampling Strategy ◽

Spatial Relationships ◽

Sand Content ◽

Grid Pattern ◽

Classical Statistics

Knowledge of the variability of soluble salt content in saline soils can assist in designing experiments or developing management practices to manage and reclaim salt-affected soils. Geostatistical theory enables the use of spatial dependence of soil properties to obtain information about locations in the field that are not actually measured, but classical statistical methods do not consider spatial correlation and the relative location of samples. A study was carried out using both classical statistics and geostatistical methods to delineate salinity and sand content and their variability in a small area of irrigated saline soil. Soil samples were taken for electrical conductivity (EC) and particle size distribution determinations at 64 locations from a 20 × 25-m area, on an 8 × 8-grid pattern at depth intervals of 0–15, 15–30, 30–60, 60–90 and 90–120 cm. The high coefficient of variation (CV) values of both EC and sand content indicated that the soil was highly variable with respect to these soil properties. The semivariograms of sand content of the first two depth intervals and EC of all the depth intervals showed strong spatial relationships. Contour maps, generated by block kriging, based on spatial relationships provide estimated variances which are smaller than general variances calculated by the classical statistical method. The interpolated EC results by both ordinary and universal kriging methods were compared and were almost identical. The kriged maps can provide information useful for designing experiments and for determining soil sampling strategy. Key words: Salinity, texture, variability, geostatistics, semivariogram, kriging

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Suaeda salsa/Zea mays L. intercropping in saline soil on plant growth and rhizospheric physiological processes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-393380/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shoule Wang ◽

Zhenyong Zhao ◽

Shaoqing Ge ◽

Ke Zhang ◽

Changyan Tian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Saline Soil ◽

Salt Content ◽

Treated Group ◽

Suaeda Salsa ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Available Nitrogen ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Soil Salt Content ◽

Soil Salt

Abstract Background and aims Halophytes possess the capacity to uptake high levels of salt through physiological processes and their root architecture. Here, we investigated whether halophyte/non-halophyte intercropping in saline soil decreases the soil salt content and contains root-dialogue. Methods Field and pot experiments were conducted to determine the plant biomasses and salt and nutrient distributions in three suaeda (Suaeda salsa) / maize (Zea mays L.) intercropping systems. The three treatments were set up by non-barrier, nylon barrier and plastic barrier between plant roots. Results The biomass of the non-barrier-treated maize was significantly lower than that of the nylon barrier-treated maize, whereas the suaeda root biomass showed a limited increase. The soil salt content negatively affected the non-barrier group’s roots compared with those in the nylon and plastic barrier-treated groups, and it was also higher on the maize side of the nylon-barrier treatment. There were higher available nitrogen and phosphorus contents in the soil of the non-barrier- and nylon barrier-treated groups compared with the plastic barrier-treated group. In addition, the pH was lower, and the available potassium content was higher, which suggested that rhizospheric processes occurred between the two species. Conclusions The suaeda/maize intercropping would decrease the soil salt content, and they also revealed potential rhizospheric effects though the role of root, which provides an effective way for the improvement of saline-alkali land.

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Analysis of Single Factor on the Low Temperature Compressive Characteristics of Sulphate Saline Soil

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.426 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 501-504 ◽

pp. 426-429

Author(s):

Xin Hong Guo ◽

Guang De Wu ◽

Xin Huan Guo

Keyword(s):

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Saline Soil ◽

Influencing Factor ◽

Salt Content ◽

Dry Density ◽

Single Factor ◽

Compression Coefficient ◽

Soil Compression

According to the experiments study of sulfuric acid saline soil, the formula of compression coefficient with the changes of moisture content, salt content, initial dry density and temperature is presented, and the law of single influencing factor on sulfuric acid saline soil compression are analyzed in the paper.

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Analysis and Influence of Salt Content on Stability of Saline Soil Subgrade Slope

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/384/1/012072 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 384 ◽

pp. 012072

Author(s):

Yang Zhang ◽

Zhenpeng Qu ◽

Lixia Yang

Keyword(s):

Saline Soil ◽

Salt Content

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The Test Analysis on Frost Heave Characteristics of Carbonated Saline Soil

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.684 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 204-208 ◽

pp. 684-688

Author(s):

Wen Hua Wang ◽

Wen Ding Zhao ◽

Zhang Wang

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Soil Sample ◽

Freezing Point ◽

Saline Soil ◽

Salt Content ◽

Frost Heave ◽

Test Analysis ◽

Soil Frost ◽

Chemical Test ◽

Compaction Degree

In order to study the frost heave characteristics of the carbonated saline soil, we have selected the carbonated saline soil sample of Da-An area in western Jilin province as the research object and analyzed the influence to the frost heave rate caused by the temperature, water content, compaction degree of soil sample, salt content, etc by indoor physical, chemical test and frost heave test. The results show that: the frost heave rate increases with the moisture content; On the bases of the certain salinity and moisture content, the frost heave rate has a increasing trend along with the increased compaction degree, but also there is the best frost heave compaction degree; Temperature changes have a great impact on the soil frost heave rate, gradually reducing the temperature, the frost heave deformation of the saline soil sample increases gradually, when the temperature down to -10 °C, the deformation are stabile; The frost heave rate increases almost with the salt content, which is for that if the salt content is larger, then the soil sample freezing point is lower, so the frozen works will last for a longer time, also the eventually larger frost heave rate.

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Hyperspectral Estimation Models for the Saline Soil Salinity in the Yellow River Delta

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.738-739.197 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 738-739 ◽

pp. 197-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hong Yan Chen ◽

Geng Xing Zhao ◽

Ya Qiu Liu ◽

Jing Chun Chen ◽

Hong Zhang

Keyword(s):

Soil Salinity ◽

Yellow River ◽

Saline Soil ◽

Salt Content ◽

Back Propagation ◽

Yellow River Delta ◽

Back Propagation Neural Network ◽

Support Vector ◽

Soil Salt Content ◽

Input Variables

Quantitative identification of the saline soil salinity content is a necessary precondition for the reasonable improvement and utilization of saline land, the article aimed at comparing the different quantitative analysis methods and achieving fast estimation of the saline soil salt content in the Yellow River Delta based on the visible-near infrared spectroscopy. Kenli County in Shandong Province was selected as the experimental area, firstly, the representative soil samples were selected, hyperspectral reflectance of the soil samples were measured in situ and transformed to the first deviation. Secondly the correlate spectra, the characteristic spectra and indices were firstly filtered using correlation analysis. Finally, the estimation models of soil salinity content were built using the multiple linear regression (MLR), back propagation neural network (BPNN) and support vector machine (SVM) respectively. The results indicated that the characteristic wave bands of soil salinity were 684 nm and 2058 nm. On the condition of the same input variables, the prediction precision of the SVM models was the highest, followed by the BPNN, the MLR was the lowest. The SVM model based on the first deviation of the reflectance at 684 and 2058nm had the highest precision, with the calibration R2 of 0.91 and RMSE as 0.11%, the validation R2 of 0.93, RMSE as 0.26% and RPD as 2.61, which had very good prediction accuracy of soil salt content, and was very stable and reliable. Different input variables had a great impact on the model accuracy, among of the MLR models, only the precision of the model based on characteristic spectral indices was slightly higher and could be used to estimate salt content, among of the BPNN and SVM models, the precision of the models based on characteristic spectra and indices was more high and stable significantly than the models on the correlate spectra. Therefore, for the three modeling methods of multiple linear regression, back propagation neural network and support vector machine, building the estimation model of saline soil salinity content based on characteristic spectra indices was effective.

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Variations of Soil Salinity and Cotton Growth under Six-Years Mulched Drip Irrigation

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11061127 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1127

Author(s):

Wenhao Li ◽

Zhenhua Wang ◽

Jinzhu Zhang ◽

Ningning Liu

Keyword(s):

Soil Salinity ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Saline Soil ◽

Irrigation Schedule ◽

Salt Content ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Cotton Field ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Quota Management ◽

Mulched Drip Irrigation

The lowering of salt content in the field, especially in arid areas, after consecutive application of mulched drip irrigation (MDI) is of vital importance for sustainable cotton plantation. To elucidate the effects of long-term MDI on soil properties and cotton growth, this paper systematically monitored the soil salinity, ion concentrations and the yield of cotton in the field using MDI consecutively for six years in a typical oasis in Xinjiang, China. The results showed that MDI could significantly change salt distribution in the cotton field. During the six years tested, the soil salt content using MDI declined fast at first, and then the decline rate gradually decreased. In the 1st and 2nd year, the average salt content within 0–100 cm soil layer was larger than 20 g kg−1, which belonging to the saline soil. Then the salt content decreased to 10–20 g kg−1 in the 3rd and 4th year, and the cotton field declined to heavily saline soil. After 5 years of MDI, the soil turned to non-salinized. The Cl− and SO42− equivalence ratio (CSER) also decreased with the increase of application years of MDI. Saline-alkaline land developed from chloride-sulphate solonchak (0.2 < CSER < 1) into sulphate solonchak (CSER < 0.2) after 6 years of MDI. The survival rate of the cotton increased from 1.48% (1 year of MDI) to 76.3% (6 years of MDI), and the yield increased from 72.43 kg ha−1 to 4515.48 kg ha−1. When the average CSER, SAR and the soil salinity in 0–140 cm soil layer decreased to 0.60, 0.98 (mol kg−1)0.5 and 6.25 g kg−1, farmers can achieve a balance between income and expenditure. Moreover, when CSER, SAR, and the soil salinity continuously decreased to 0.44, 0.69 (mol kg−1)0.5 and 0.77 g kg−1, the cotton yield will exceed the average production level of cotton in Xinjiang. Under the current irrigation schedule in the oasis irrigation area, the soil salinity and groundwater level after applying MDI could be conducive to cotton growth. However, this situation had also caused a waste of nearly 200 mm of water resources. Therefore, authors suggested that further research on water-saving irrigation systems suitable for different soil conditions should be carried out, and also the differential quota management in production practice should be adopted.

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Bio-Compost Influences Salinity and Plant Development by Experimenting with Greenhouse Pots

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.b3512.078219 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 4847-4850

Keyword(s):

Soil Salinity ◽

Saline Soil ◽

Salt Content ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Plant Cultivation ◽

Crop Development ◽

Salinity Reduction ◽

Standard Value ◽

Synthetic Fertilizers

This paper deals with this research “Role of compost in reduction of saline soil of Agra” [1] and “Soil salinity reduction by bio-compost” [2]. The salinity of the soil is the occurrence which raises the salt content from standard value. The method of increasing the salt content is called Salinization. In soils and water, salts usually occur. It can be these bilish Salinization. Characteristic methods, e.g., durability of minerals or progressive sea removal. It may also come into being with an artificial drainage and excessive use in agriculture of synthetic fertilizers. Salt content is a significant crisis in both plant and crop development. The aim of this research is to study salinity problems on plant cultivation and how soil management methods can prevent salinization problems. Bio-compost has been used to decrease the salinity of the land. With the use of bio-compost, Agra's estibilised soil hydrology model was decreased. Soilcompost combination of saline soil SA-1 and soil samples SA-2 electrical conductivity (EC).To assess the influence of biocompost on salinity on plant cultivation, greenhouse pot experiments were carry out on least salinity presence on both the soil by varying pH as 5.5, 6, 7 and 8. The plant chosen for this investigation was wheat ( Triticum Aestivum). The plant growth of wheat were obsevered significant at pH-6 and 7 in both SA-1 and SA-2 soil samples. The results of the study recommend biocompost have great potential to reduce soil salinity and could be highly potent alternative to chemical fertilizer and increase the growth of plant.

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Determination of Particles and Minerals Content in Soft Clay Soil of the Mekong Delta Coastal Provinces, Southern Vietnam for Inorganic Adhesives Stabilization

Iraqi Journal of Science ◽

10.24996/ijs.2020.61.4.11 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 791-804

Author(s):

Nguyễn Thị Nụ ◽

Do Minh Toan ◽

Hong Thinh Phi ◽

Bui Truong Son

Keyword(s):

Clay Soil ◽

Ph Value ◽

Saline Soil ◽

Soft Clay ◽

Salt Content ◽

Mekong Delta ◽

Acid Sulfate Soil ◽

Acid Sulfate ◽

Soil C ◽

Southern Vietnam

The paper aims at investigating the content of particles and minerals of soft clay soil in the Mekong Delta coastal provinces, southern Vietnam, as well as improving soil stability using inorganic adhesives, i.e.lime and cement-based stabilization. To study the composition of soft clay soil, a series of different laboratory methods were carried out and revealed various characteristics related to mineral composition, pH value, soluble salt content, and grain particle composition of soft clay soils. The results demonstrated five soil subtypes, namely high – saline soil (S2), low-saline soil (S1), acid sulfate soil (A), acid sulfate - saline soil (S-A), soil without salt andacid sulfate content (S0- A0). The soft clay soil (C) included 5 subtypes, which were C-S2, C-S1, C-A, C-AS, and C-S0-A0, whereas the soft sandy clay soil (SC) included three subtypes, namely SC-S2, SC- S1, and SC-S0-A0. Analysis of the above results showed that the high - saline soil, acid sulfate soil, and acid sulfate - saline soil are not suitable for lime and cement stabilization. This observation was illustrated by the initial experiment of cement – soil mixture properties.

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