scholarly journals Tailored Forming of Hybrid Bevel Gears with Integrated Heat Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd-Arno Behrens ◽  
Julian Diefenbach ◽  
Anna Chugreeva ◽  
Christoph Kahra ◽  
Sebastian Herbst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Bevel Gears ◽  
Tailored Forming

scholarly journals Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Bevel Gears Manufactured by Tailored Forming

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1365
Author(s):  
Bernd-Arno Behrens ◽  
Anna Chugreeva ◽  
Julian Diefenbach ◽  
Christoph Kahra ◽  
Sebastian Herbst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Bevel Gears ◽  
Processing Step ◽  
Near Net Shape ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Plasma Transferred Arc Welding ◽  
Tailored Forming ◽  
Processing Steps

The production of multi-metal bulk components requires suitable manufacturing technologies. On the example of hybrid bevel gears featuring two different steels at the outer surface and on the inside, the applicability of the novel manufacturing technology of Tailored Forming was investigated. In a first processing step, a semi-finished compound was manufactured by cladding a substrate using a plasma transferred arc welding or a laser hotwire process. The resulting semi-finished workpieces with a metallurgical bond were subsequently near-net shape forged to bevel gears. Using the residual heat after the forging process, a process-integrated heat treatment was carried out directly after forming. For the investigations, the material combinations of 41Cr4 with C22.8 (AISI 5140/AISI 1022M) and X45CrSi9-3 with C22.8 (AISI HNV3/AISI 1022M) were applied. To reveal the influence of the single processing steps on the resulting interface, metallographic examinations, hardness measurements and micro tensile tests were carried out after cladding, forging and process-integrated heat treatment. Due to forging and heat-treatment, recrystallization and grain refinement at the interface and an increase in both, hardness and tensile strength, were observed.

scholarly journals Manufacturing of High-Performance Bi-Metal Bevel Gears by Combined Deposition Welding and Forging

Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Chugreeva ◽  
Maximilian Mildebrath ◽  
Julian Diefenbach ◽  
Alexander Barroi ◽  
Marius Lammers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Hot Forging ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Material System ◽  
Typical Structure ◽  
Geometrical Properties ◽  
Bevel Gears ◽  
Tailored Forming

The present paper describes a new method concerning the production of hybrid bevel gears using the Tailored Forming technology. The main idea of the Tailored Forming involves the creation of bi-metal workpieces using a joining process prior to the forming step and targeted treatment of the resulting joint by thermo-mechanical processing during the subsequent forming at elevated temperatures. This improves the mechanical and geometrical properties of the joining zone. The aim is to produce components with a hybrid material system, where the high-quality and expensive material is located in highly stressed areas only. When used appropriately, it is possible to reduce costs by using fewer high-performance materials than in a component made of a single material. There is also the opportunity to significantly increase performance by combining special load-tailored high-performance materials. The core of the technology consists in the material-locking coating of semi-finished parts by means of plasma-transferred-arc welding (PTA) and subsequent forming. In the presented investigations, steel cylinders made of C22.8 are first coated with the higher-quality heat-treatable steel 41Cr4 using PTA-welding and then hot-formed in a forging process. It could be shown that the applied coating can be formed successfully by hot forging processes without suffering any damage or defects and that the previous weld structure is completely transformed into a homogeneous forming-typical structure. Thus, negative thermal influences of the welding process on the microstructure are completely neutralized.

Distortions induced by heat treatment of automotive bevel gears

2004 ◽  
Vol 153-154 ◽  
pp. 476-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Cho ◽  
W.J. Kang ◽  
M.G. Kim ◽  
J.H. Lee ◽  
Y.S. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Bevel Gears

The Influence of Segregations after Forming on the Heat Treatment Result of Bevel Gears

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 1800427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Hunkel ◽  
Jwalant Kagathara ◽  
Ulrich Prahl
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Treatment Result ◽  
Bevel Gears

The Precipitation of Si in AlCuSi Thin Films

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 34-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Copper Film ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Silicon Thin Films ◽  
Before And After

Aluminum-copper-silicon thin films have been considered as an interconnection metallurgy for integrated circuit applications. Various schemes have been proposed to incorporate small percent-ages of silicon into films that typically contain two to five percent copper. We undertook a study of the total effect of silicon on the aluminum copper film as revealed by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and ion microprobe techniques as a function of the various deposition methods.X-ray investigations noted a change in solid solution concentration as a function of Si content before and after heat-treatment. The amount of solid solution in the Al increased with heat-treatment for films with ≥2% silicon and decreased for films <2% silicon.

The influence of heat treatment on the fiber/matrix interface in a SiC-reinforced glassceramic

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 742-743
Author(s):  
E. Bischoff ◽  
O. Sbaizero
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Aluminum Silicate ◽  
Lithium Aluminum ◽  
Interfacial Region ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Crack Wake ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Annealed Material ◽  
Ultrasonic Drilling ◽  
Fiber Matrix Interface

Fiber or whisker reinforced ceramics show improved toughness and strength. Bridging by intact fibers in the crack wake and fiber pull-out after failure contribute to the additional toughness. These processes are strongly influenced by the sliding and debonding resistance of the interfacial region. The present study examines the interface in a laminated 0/90 composite consisting of SiC (Nicalon) fibers in a lithium-aluminum-silicate (LAS) glass-ceramic matrix. The material shows systematic changes in sliding resistance upon heat treatment.As-processed samples were annealed in air at 800 °C for 2, 4, 8, 16 and 100 h, and for comparison, in helium at 800 °C for 4 h. TEM specimen preparation of as processed and annealed material was performed with special care by cutting along directions having the fibers normal and parallel to the section plane, ultrasonic drilling, dimpling to 100 pm and final ionthinning. The specimen were lightly coated with Carbon and examined in an analytical TEM operated at 200 kV.

Strain-induced martensite effects on transgranular carbide precipitation in type 304 stainless steels

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 604-605
Author(s):  
A.H. Advani ◽  
L.E. Murr ◽  
D. Matlock
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Deformation Twin ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Carbide Precipitation ◽  
Strain Induced Martensite ◽  
Type 304

Thermomechanically induced strain is a key variable producing accelerated carbide precipitation, sensitization and stress corrosion cracking in austenitic stainless steels (SS). Recent work has indicated that higher levels of strain (above 20%) also produce transgranular (TG) carbide precipitation and corrosion simultaneous with the grain boundary phenomenon in 316 SS. Transgranular precipitates were noted to form primarily on deformation twin-fault planes and their intersections in 316 SS.Briant has indicated that TG precipitation in 316 SS is significantly different from 304 SS due to the formation of strain-induced martensite on 304 SS, though an understanding of the role of martensite on the process has not been developed. This study is concerned with evaluating the effects of strain and strain-induced martensite on TG carbide precipitation in 304 SS. The study was performed on samples of a 0.051%C-304 SS deformed to 33% followed by heat treatment at 670°C for 1 h.

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