In vitro and in vivo antimicrobial potential against various phytopathogens and chemical constituents of the aerial part of Rumex chinensis Campd

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Duong Quang Pham ◽  
Jae Woo Han ◽  
Nga Thu Dao ◽  
Jin-Cheol Kim ◽  
Hieu Trung Pham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Part ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Antimicrobial Potential

Ethnomedicinal uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Aspects of the Genus Berberis Linn: A Comprehensive Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roohi Mohi-ud-din ◽  
Reyaz Hassan Mir ◽  
Prince Ahad Mir ◽  
Saeema Farooq ◽  
Syed Naiem Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Ethnomedicinal Uses

Background: Genus Berberis (family Berberidaceae), which contains about 650 species and 17 genera worldwide, has been used in folklore and various traditional medicine systems. Berberis Linn. is the most established group among genera with around 450-500 species across the world. This comprehensive review will not only help researchers for further evaluation but also provide substantial information for future exploitation of species to develop novel herbal formulations. Objective: The present review is focussed to summarize and collect the updated review of information of Genus Berberis species reported to date regarding their ethnomedicinal information, chemical constituents, traditional/folklore use, and reported pharmacological activities on more than 40 species of Berberis. Conclusion: A comprehensive survey of the literature reveals that various species of the genus possess various phytoconstituents mainly alkaloids, flavonoid based compounds isolated from different parts of a plant with a wide range of pharmacological activities. So far, many pharmacological activities like anti-cancer, anti-hyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory both in vitro & in vivo and clinical study of different extracts/isolated compounds of different species of Berberis have been reported, proving their importance as a medicinal plant and claiming their traditional use.

scholarly journals The Genus Lagochilus (Lamiaceae): A Review of Its Diversity, Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Nilufar Z. Mamadalieva ◽  
Davlat Kh. Akramov ◽  
Ludger A. Wessjohann ◽  
Hidayat Hussain ◽  
Chunlin Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Iridoid Glycosides ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Future Research ◽  
South Central ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Central South

The genus Lagochilus (Lamiaceae) is native to Central, South-Central, and Eastern Asia. It comprises 44 species, which have been commonly used as herbal medicines for the treatments of various ailments for thousands of years, especially in Asian countries. This review aims to summarize the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of species from the genus Lagochilus to unveil opportunities for future research. In addition, we provide some information about their traditional uses, botany, and diversity. More than 150 secondary metabolites have been reported from Lagochilus, including diterpenes, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, triterpenoids, iridoid glycosides, lignans, steroids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, volatile, non-volatile and aromatic compounds, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, and other secondary metabolites. In vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies on the crude extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds from Lagochilus species showed hemostatic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, cytotoxic, enzyme inhibitory, antispasmodic, hypotensive, sedative, psychoactive, and other activities.

scholarly journals High-Throughput Identification of Organic Compounds from Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata (Zhiheshouwu) by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3977
Author(s):  
Shaoyun Wang ◽  
Xiaozhu Sun ◽  
Shuo An ◽  
Fang Sang ◽  
Yunli Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Polygonum Multiflorum ◽  
Q Exactive ◽  
Orbitrap Ms

Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata (PMRP), as the processed product of tuberous roots of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., is one of the most famous traditional Chinese medicines, with a long history. However, in recent years, liver adverse reactions linked to PMRP have been frequently reported. Our work attempted to investigate the chemical constituents of PMRP for clinical research and safe medication. In this study, an effective and rapid method was established to separate and characterize the constituents in PMRP by combining ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS). Based on the accurate mass measurements for molecular and characteristic fragment ions, a total of 103 compounds, including 24 anthraquinones, 21 stilbenes, 15 phenolic acids, 14 flavones, and 29 other compounds were identified or tentatively characterized. Forty-eight compounds were tentatively characterized from PMRP for the first time, and their fragmentation behaviors were summarized. There were 101 components in PMRP ethanol extract (PMRPE) and 91 components in PMRP water extract (PMRPW). Simultaneously, the peak areas of several potential xenobiotic components were compared in the detection, which showed that PMRPE has a higher content of anthraquinones and stilbenes. The obtained results can be used in pharmacological and toxicological research and provided useful information for further in vitro and in vivo studies.

Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of the Genus Pedicularis Used in Traditional Chinese Medicine

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (05) ◽  
pp. 1071-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mao-Xing Li ◽  
Xi-Rui He ◽  
Rui Tao ◽  
Xinyuan Cao
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Iridoid Glycosides ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Glycosides

In the present review, the literature data on the chemical constituents and biological investigations of the genus Pedicularis are summarized. Some species of Pedicularis have been widely applied in traditional Chinese medicine. A wide range of chemical components including iridoid glycosides, phenylpropanoid glycosides (PhGs), lignans glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids and other compounds have been isolated and identified from the genus Pedicularis. In vitro and in vivo studies indicated some monomer compounds and extracts from the genus Pedicularis have been found to possess antitumor, hepatoprotective, anti-oxidative, antihaemolysis, antibacterial activity, fatigue relief of skeletal muscle, nootropic effect and other activities.

scholarly journals Genotoxic and Chemopreventive Effects of Vochysia divergens Leaves (Pantanal, Brazil)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Pollyanna Francielli de Oliveira ◽  
Suzana Amorim Mendes ◽  
Nathália Oliveira Acésio ◽  
Luis Claudio Kellner Filho ◽  
Leticia Pereira Pimenta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Test System ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Xtt Assay ◽  
Vochysia Divergens

The medicinal plant Vochysia divergens is a colonizing tree species of the Pantanal, a unique and little explored wetland region in Brazil. This species is used in folk medicine as syrups and teas to treat respiratory infections, digestive disorders, asthma, scarring, and skin diseases. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the antioxidant, cytotoxic, and genotoxic potential of the ethanolic extract of Vochysia divergens leaves (VdE), as well as the influence of VdE and its major component (the flavone 3′,5-dimethoxy luteolin-7-O-β-glucopyranoside; 3′5 DL) on MMS-induced genotoxicity. The extract significantly reduced the viability of V79 cells in the colorimetric XTT assay at concentrations ≥ 39 μg/mL. A significant increase in micronucleus frequencies was observed in V79 cell cultures treated with VdE concentrations of 160 and 320 μg/mL. However, animals treated with the tested doses of VdE (500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg b.w.) exhibited frequencies that did not differ significantly from those of the negative control group, indicating the absence of genotoxicity. The results also showed that VdE was effective in reducing MMS-induced genotoxicity at concentrations of 20, 40, and 80 μg/mL in the in vitro test system and at a dose of 15 mg/kg b.w. in the in vivo test system. Its major component 3′5 DL exerted no protective effect, suggesting that it is not responsible for the effect of the extract. The results of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay showed that VdE was able to scavenge 92.6% of free radicals. In conclusion, the results suggest that the protective effect of VdE may be related, at least in part, to the antioxidant activity of its chemical constituents.

Plant derived secondary metabolites in cancer therapy: actions, applications, and future prospective of dietaryflavonol (quercetin)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 135-143
Author(s):  
Krishnagowdu Saravanan ◽  
Jayachandran Halka ◽  
Kumaresan Kowsalya ◽  
Muthukrishnan Arun
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Lung Tumor ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Antioxidant Agents

Higher plants are prominent sources for several bioactive chemical constituents (secondary metabolites) who include photochemical, flavoring agents, fragrant molecules, and food additives. According to WHO estimates, it has been reported that more than 80% of population in developing countries prefer these natural bioactive active compounds for their primary health requirement. At present, conventional chemotherapy is constrained due to the nonselective toxicity to human organs and their usage is limited now a days. In a recent survey, more than 60% of cancer patients have been preferring adjuvant phototherapy along with chemotherapy. Thus, photochemical are being widely used as anticancer agents to target specific pathological pathways underlying cancer with low toxic profiles and side effects. These photochemical are cost-effective and easily accessible to the public to treat cancer diseases. These bioactive photochemical are meticulously belongs to secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols.Among them, the flavonoids are polyphenolic substances, which are found in all parts of the plant such as flowers, fruits, leaves, roots, seeds, and bark. They possess high medicinal properties like being anti-cancer, anti-hypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-malarial, antioxidant agents. Quercetin is major flavones associated with a profound antioxidant and medicinal property to prevent the oxidation of lipids in vitro and in vivo, and also exhibits direct proapoptotic effects on tumor cells. This compound has proven efficacy in targeting several cancer cells of breast, colon, prostate, ovarian, and lung tumor in vitro. The present review focuses on the effect of quercetin in cancer therapy.

scholarly journals ALTERATIONS IN BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND RIBONUCLEIC ACID METABOLISM INDUCED IN RAT LIVER BY CORTISONE

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Upton Lowe ◽  
Royden N. Rand
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Microsomal Fraction ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Differential Centrifugation ◽  
Sucrose Solutions ◽  
The Relationship

An investigation of the effect of cortisone administration upon the chemical composition of intracellular particulates of rat liver has been made. Livers were homogenized in 0.25 M sucrose solutions and submitted to differential centrifugation. Five fractions were prepared: mitochondria (Mit), microsomes (Mi), ultracentrifugable (U), non-sedimentable (S), and nuclear (Nuc). Measurement was made of total and polymerized RNA, nitrogen, lipide P, and uptake of P32 by the RNA of each fraction. The following observations were made:— Cortisone administration caused a fall in concentration in all measured constituents except glycogen. On a per liver basis, however, total liver RNA was unchanged in amount; nitrogen content of Mi fell and that of S increased; the lipide P of Mit and Mi also decreased. The biochemical composition of a statistical mitochondrion was significantly altered; in contrast, the microsomal fraction decreased in amount, but the relationship between the chemical constituents was unchanged. When polymerized RNA was sought by a process involving precipitation from ethanol at 20°C., none was found in the Mit of cortisone livers and the amount in Mi was much less than found in the normal. When, however, precipitation was conducted at 4°C., yields of polymerized RNA in all fractions after cortisone were equal to or greater than those found in the normal. Furthermore, incubation of mixtures of homogenates from normal and cortisone livers resulted in loss of warm precipitable RNA. These data strongly suggest the presence of an enzyme in cortisone livers which upon incubation with normal livers made preparation of polymerized RNA virtually impossible by use of the warm method. This agent, thought to operate in vivo and in vitro, was not present in significant amounts in normal livers, since incubation in this instance had no effect upon the amount of polymerized RNA. Mit from cortisone livers obtained by the cold technique had a significantly decreased rate of incorporation of P32 even though the yield of RNA from this fraction was increased. To reconcile these observations, it was proposed that under the influence of cortisone a variant of normal RNA is synthesized or normal RNA is converted to this variant. This "new" RNA has new solubility properties, a new rate of incorporation of P32, and conceivably it cannot act as a template for normal protein synthesis.

scholarly journals Chemical Profiles and Metabolite Study of Raw and Processed Cistanche Deserticola in rats by UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Li ◽  
Lkhaasuren Ryenchindorj ◽  
Bonan Liu ◽  
Ji SHI ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Cistanche Deserticola ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Chinese materia medica processing is a distinguished and unique pharmaceutical technique in traditional Chinese Medicien (TCM), which has played an important role in reducing side effects, increasing medical potencies, altering the properties and even changing the curative effects of raw herbs.The efficacy improvement in medicinal plants is mainly caused by changes in the key substances through an optimized processing procedure.The effect of invigorating the kidney-yang for rice wine-steamed Cistancha deserticola was more strengthened than raw C. deserticola (CD). Methods: To evaluate the effect of processing, a comparative analysis was conducted by utilizing the UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE with the UNIFI informatics platform. In vitro studies were performed for the characterization of constituents as well as metabolites in vivo , and chemical components were determined in CD and its processed products. The multivariate statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate variations between them. OPLS-DA was used for pairwise comparison which revealed their marked differences. Results: In this study, the obtained results revealed considerable variations in phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) and iridoids after processing. The detection of 97 compounds was carried out in the extracts of CD and its processed product. In an in-vivo study, 10 prototype components and 44 metabolites were evaluated in rat plasma, feces, and urine. The obtained results revealed that processing leads to the considerable variation in the chemical constituents of CD and affects the disposition of the compounds in-vivo, and phase II metabolic processes were the key cascades of each compound and most of the metabolites were associated with echinacoside or acteoside. Conclusions: According to our literature search, the existing study reveals a comparative study of raw and processed CD for the first time. The obtained data help us to understand the impact of CD processing for further studies.

scholarly journals In vitro inhibition of Escherichia coli from women with urinary tract infection by cranberry hydroalcoholic extract

Revista Fitos ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-288
Author(s):  
Mariê Scotegagna Chiavini ◽  
Jane Mary Lafayette Neves Gelinski ◽  
Claudriana Locatelli ◽  
Pâmela Aparecida da Costa ◽  
Vânia Aparecida Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Potential ◽  
Diffusion Assay

The antimicrobial potential of cranberry hydro alcoholic extracts (CrE) was evaluated against Escherichia coli isolated from women with urinary tract infection (UTI). CrE was diluted based on the percentage of proanthocyanidins (PACs) in extract powder for final concentrations: 1.26%; 2.52%; 3.35%, 5.03% and 10.06%. CrE antimicrobial potential was evaluated by disk and well diffusion assays, and by in vitro direct action against E. coli. Antibacterial action was observed for all performed tests: minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 1.26% PACs per disk diffusion assay and 2.52% of PACs by well diffusion assay. The in vitro antimicrobial direct action against E. coli resulted 3.8 Log10 cycles reduction for a concentration of 5.03% of PACs. One of the isolates showed multi resistance to antibiotics. But it was also inhibited more than any of the antibiotic tested in well diffusion assay. Only for concentrations 1.26%, 2.52% and 3.45% the inhibition of Escherichia coli by cranberry extract was dose-dependent, i.e directly proportional to the concentration of PACs. The results indicate a inhibitory action high potential of CrE. However, more in vitro and in vivo analysis can be performed to fix which the best concentration of CrE capable of causing a real beneficial effect on UTI´s.

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