Introduction to the Special Issue: Nanoparticles and immune responses

2021 ◽  
pp. 101548
Author(s):  
James M. Brewer ◽  
Darrell J. Irvine
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Special Issue

scholarly journals Pathogenesis of Fungal and Bacterial Microbes

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 602
Author(s):  
Jennifer Geddes-McAlister
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Microbial Pathogenesis ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Microbial Structures ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Host Status ◽  
Pathogenic Microbes ◽  
Insight Into

The pathogenesis of fungal and bacterial microbes is a complex process involving distinct parameters, including virulence factors, nutrient sensing and availability, microbial signals, as well as host status and defense responses. Defining pathogenesis improves our understanding of how an organism causes diseases and provides insight into novel prospects to combat infection. The effects of pathogenic microbes have significant impact on diverse sectors, including health, agriculture, and economics, underscoring their immense importance in society. Articles in this Special Issue address unique aspects of microbial pathogenesis by exploring interactions between host and pathogen during infection, defining inflammatory immune responses, profiling the importance of essential microbial structures associated with virulence, and outlining critical considerations driving complex diseases.

scholarly journals Biotechnology, nanotechnology and medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 551-554
Author(s):  
Sonia Contera ◽  
Jorge Bernardino de la Serna ◽  
Teresa D. Tetley
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Safety Regulation ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Over Time

The 1980s mark the starting point of nanotechnology: the capacity to synthesise, manipulate and visualise matter at the nanometre scale. New powers to reach the nanoscale brought us the unprecedented possibility to directly target at the scale of biomolecular interactions, and the motivation to create smart nanostructures that could circumvent the hurdles hindering the success of traditional pharmacological approaches. Forty years on, the progressive integration of bio- and nanotechnologies is starting to produce a transformation of the way we detect, treat and monitor diseases and unresolved medical problems [ 1]. While much of the work remains in research laboratories, the first nano-based treatments, vaccines, drugs, and diagnostic devices, are now receiving approval for commercialisation and clinical use. In this special issue we review recent advances of nanomedical approaches to combat antibiotic resistance, treatment and detection of cancers, targeting neurodegerative diseases, and applications as diverse as dentistry and the treatment of tuberculosis. We also examine the use of advanced smart nanostructured materials in areas such as regenerative medicine, and the controlled release of drugs and treatments. The latter is currently poised to bring ground-breaking changes in immunotherapy: the advent of ‘vaccine implants’ that continuously control and improve immune responses over time. With the increasingly likely prospect of ending the COVID 19 pandemic with the aid of a nanomedicine-based vaccine (both Moderna and BioNTech/Pfizer vaccines are based on lipid nanoparticle formulations), we are witnessing the coming of age of nanomedicine. This makes it more important than ever to concentrate on safety: in parallel to pursuing the benefits of nanomedine, we must strengthen the continuous focus on nanotoxicology and safety regulation of nanomedicines that can deliver the medical revolution that is within our grasp.

scholarly journals Cancer Vaccines: Research and Applications

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasso Apostolopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Research ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Vaccines ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Tumor Associated Antigens ◽  
Tumor Microenvironments ◽  
Immune Therapies

Designing cancer vaccines has been at the forefront of cancer research for over two-and-a-half decades. In particular, delivery methods used to stimulate effective and long-lasting immune responses have been the major focus. This special issue presents new tumor associated antigens, delivery methods, combination immune therapies, methods of measuring immunity induced following cancer vaccinations, and mechanisms in understanding tumor microenvironments and immunosuppression—all beneficial for the design of improved cancer vaccines.

scholarly journals Cancer Vaccines and Immunotherapy for Tumor Prevention and Treatment

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1298
Author(s):  
Jagmohan Singh ◽  
Wilbur B. Bowne ◽  
Adam E. Snook
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Vaccines ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Tumor Prevention ◽  
Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines ◽  
Made In

In this editorial, we highlight articles published in this Special Issue of Vaccines on “Cancer Vaccines and Immunotherapy for Tumor Prevention and Treatment”, recent developments in the field of cancer vaccines, and the potential for immunotherapeutic combinations in cancer care. This issue covers important developments and progress being made in the cancer vaccine field and possible future directions for exploring new technologies to produce optimal immune responses against cancer and expand the arena of prophylactic and therapeutic cancer vaccines for the treatment of this deadly disease.

scholarly journals Influenza Virus and Vaccination

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Aitor Nogales ◽  
Marta L. DeDiego
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Substantial Morbidity

Influenza virus infections represent a serious public health problem causing contagious respiratory disease and substantial morbidity and mortality in humans, resulting in a considerable economic burden worldwide. Notably, the number of deaths due to influenza exceeds that of any other known pathogen. Moreover, influenza infections can differ in their intensity, from mild respiratory disease to pneumonia, which can lead to death. Articles in this Special Issue have addressed different aspects of influenza in human health, and the advances in influenza research leading to the development of better therapeutics and vaccination strategies, with a special focus on the study of factors associated with innate or adaptive immune responses to influenza vaccination and/or infection.

scholarly journals Advances in Multiple Sclerosis Research–Series I

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 795
Author(s):  
Vasso Apostolopoulos ◽  
John Matsoukas
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Drug Design ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Designing immunotherapeutics, drugs, and anti-inflammatory reagents has been at the forefront of autoimmune research, in particular, multiple sclerosis, for over 20 years. Delivery methods that are used to modulate effective and long-lasting immune responses have been the major focus. This Special Issue, “Advances in Multiple Sclerosis Research—Series I”, focused on delivery methods used for immunotherapeutic approaches, drug design, anti-inflammatories, identification of markers, methods for detection and monitoring MS and treatment modalities. The issue gained much attention with 20 publications, and, as a result, we launched Series II with the deadline for submission being 30 April 2021.

scholarly journals Adjuvants and Antigen-Delivery Systems for Subunit Vaccines against Tuberculosis

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 972
Author(s):  
Abu Salim Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Antigen Delivery ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Subunit Vaccines ◽  
Recombinant Bcg ◽  
New Vaccines ◽  
Antigen Delivery Systems

The only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis is BCG. However, BCG has failed to provide consistent protection against tuberculosis, especially pulmonary disease in adults. Furthermore, the use of BCG is contraindicated in immunocompromised subjects. The research towards the development of new vaccines against TB includes the use of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens as subunit vaccines. Such vaccines may be used either alone or in the prime-boost model in BCG-vaccinated people. However, the antigens for subunit vaccines require adjuvants and/or delivery systems to induce appropriate and protective immune responses against tuberculosis and other diseases. Articles published in this Special Issue have studied the pathogenesis of BCG in children and the use of BCG and recombinant BCG as potential vaccines against asthma. Furthermore, the use of different adjuvants and delivery systems in inducing the protective immune responses after immunization with subunit vaccines has been described.

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