The impact of venetian blind geometry and tilt angle on view, direct light transmission and interior illuminance

Solar Energy ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 1172-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanassios Tzempelikos
Keyword(s):  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Direct Light ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Venetian Blind

Aspirin I.V. Loading during Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Pharmacology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
David Naguib ◽  
Carolin Helten ◽  
Saif Zako ◽  
Philipp Mourikis ◽  
René M’Pembele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Platelet Reactivity ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Bleeding Complications ◽  
Loading Dose ◽  
Bleeding Events ◽  
Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary ◽  
The Impact

Additional loading dose of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) during percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) despite permanent oral ASA medication is frequently applicated. The impact on platelet reactivity and clinical events is not known. In this pilot study, we aimed to analyze high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HTPR) to aspirin in patients undergoing elective PCI. Platelet reactivity was measured using light-transmission aggregometry in 100 patients on permanent low-dose ASA medication undergoing elective PCI. Platelet reactivity measured by arachidonic acid-induced maximum of aggregation (MoA) in patients with versus without additional peri-procedural ASA loading (500 mg i.v.) was compared. HTPR was defined as MoA &#x3e;20% for ASA. Major adverse cerebro- and cardiovascular events (MACCEs) and bleeding events were evaluated during hospital course. HTPR rate was similar in both groups (HTPR to ASA: loading vs. control 6% vs. 16%, odds ratio [OR] = 0.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.08–1.35, <i>p</i> = 0.12). In-hospital MACCEs were not different between groups (MACCE: loading vs. control: 0 vs. 0 patient, OR = 1.32, 95% CI 0.03–67.95, <i>p</i> = 0.89). Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction minimal bleedings were numerically higher in patients without ASA loading dose. In this pharmacodynamic pilot study, additional ASA loading did not reduce HTPR to ASA. Furthermore, ASA loading did not increase in-hospital MACCE and bleeding complications.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Melting Process in Phase Change Material Windows Determined Based on Direct Light Transmission

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 721
Author(s):  
Dariusz Heim ◽  
Michał Krempski-Smejda ◽  
Pablo Roberto Dellicompagni ◽  
Dominika Knera ◽  
Anna Wieprzkowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Material ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Refraction Index ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Reference Case ◽  
Solar Radiation Intensity ◽  
Direct Light ◽  
Change Material

Detailed analyses of melting processes in phase change material (PCM) glazing units, changes of direct transmittance as well as investigation of refraction index were provided based on laboratory measurements. The main goal of the study was to determine the direct light transmittance versus time under constant solar radiation intensity and stable temperature of the surrounding air. The experiment was conducted on a triple glazed unit with one cavity filled with a paraffin RT21HC as a PCM. The unit was installed in a special holder and exposed to the radiation from an artificial sun. The vertical illuminance was measured by luxmeters and compared with a reference case to determine the direct light transmittance. The transmittance was determined for the whole period of measurements when some specific artefacts were identified and theoretically explained based on values of refractive indexes for paraffins in the solid and liquid state, and for a glass. The melting process of a PCM in a glass unit was identified as a complex one, with interreflections and refraction of light on semi layers characterized by a different physical states (solid, liquid or mushy). These optical phenomena caused nonuniformity in light transmittance, especially when the PCM is in a mushy state. It was revealed that light transmittance versus temperature cannot be treated as a linear function.

scholarly journals Horizontally Oriented Plates in Clouds

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (23) ◽  
pp. 2888-2898 ◽  
Author(s):  
François-Marie Bréon ◽  
Bérengère Dubrulle
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Turbulence ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Signal Amplitude ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Horizontal Plate ◽  
Specular Reflectance ◽  
Aerodynamic Model ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Horizontally oriented plates in clouds generate a sharp specular reflectance signal in the glint direction, often referred to as “subsun.” This signal (amplitude and width) may be used to analyze the relative area fraction of oriented plates in the cloud-top layer and their characteristic tilt angle to the horizontal. Use is made of spaceborne measurements from the Polarization and Directionality of the Earth Reflectances (POLDER) instrument to provide a statistical analysis of these parameters. More than half of the clouds show a detectable maximum reflectance in the glint direction, although this maximum may be rather faint. The typical effective fraction (area weighted) of oriented plates in clouds lies between 10−3 and 10−2. For those oriented plates, the characteristic tilt angle is less than 1° in most cases. These low fractions imply that the impact of oriented plates on the cloud albedo is insignificant. The largest proportion of clouds with horizontally oriented plates is found in the range 500– 700 hPa, in agreement with typical in situ observation of plates in clouds. A simple aerodynamic model is proposed that accounts for the orienting torque of the flow as the plate falls under its own gravity and the disorienting effects of Brownian motion and atmospheric turbulence. The model indicates that the horizontal plate diameters are in the range 0.1 to a few millimeters. For such sizes, Brownian forces have a negligible impact on the plate orientation. On the other hand, typical levels of atmospheric turbulence lead to tilt angles that are similar to those estimated from the glint observation.

Experimental study of saturation by visible light transmission in dual-scale fibrous reinforcements during composite manufacturing

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (23) ◽  
pp. 1693-1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
F LeBel ◽  
É Ruiz ◽  
F Trochu
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Void Formation ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Liquid Composite Molding ◽  
Composite Molding ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dual Scale

A new in situ monitoring strategy is proposed to study void formation during real-time impregnation of dual-scale fibrous reinforcements in liquid composite molding. Void content data from burn-off tests are used to calibrate a refractive index matching approach based on two optical principles: Beer–Lambert and Fresnel laws. Once calibrated, this approach based on visible light transmission is used to study the impact of key process parameters on the saturation footprint of dual-scale fibrous reinforcements during and after mold filling. The injection parameters investigated are the flow front velocity, the pressure distribution inside the mold cavity, the bleeding flow rate, and the mold packing pressure. The experimental setup is a computer-assisted injection system and a transparent resin transfer molding mold is used to perform unidirectional injections. A vinyl ester resin is injected through E-glass bidirectional non-crimp fabrics under various manufacturing conditions. This investigation not only confirms the decreasing trend in void formation by mechanical entrapment of air with the decrease in impregnation velocity, as it converges toward the optimal impregnation conditions for this fibrous reinforcement reported in previous studies, but it also brings insights on void dissolution and transport in liquid composite molding.

scholarly journals The Effect of Related Party Transactions on the Performance of Indonesian Listed Companies

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-39
Author(s):  
Brigitta Angelica ◽  
◽  
Desya Gunawan ◽  
Jessy Christella ◽  
Yane Chandera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Company Performance ◽  
Minority Shareholders ◽  
Related Party Transactions ◽  
Direct Light ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of related party transactions (RPTs) on company performance using a panel data regression on 388 non-financial companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2015-2018 period. RPT variables used in this study are divided into several categories, namely transactions with related parties in the operational field (operational RPTs), financial field (financial RPTs), other fields (other RPTs), and total RPTs (sum of the three previous types). The study finds a significant negative relationship between financial RPTs and other RPTs on company performance. This finding is consistent with the precedent research that non-operational RPTs (i.e., financial RPTs and other RPTs) are commonly used by controlling shareholders as tunneling channels to expropriate minority shareholders. The results suggest policymakers to monitor more closely RPTs, particularly financial and other RPTs, that are more likely to be used as tunneling activities that are detrimental to firm performance. The results of this study are robust to various proxies of firm performance, providing additional empirical studies on RPTs in emerging countries with concentrated ownership structure, and shedding direct light on which type of RPTs that is mainly used as tunneling channel. Keywords: Efficient transaction hypothesis, firm performance, Indonesia, related party transactions, type II agency problem

Comparison of methods to evaluate clopidogrel-mediated platelet inhibition after percutaneous intervention with stent implantation

2009 ◽  
Vol 101 (02) ◽  
pp. 333-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Steiner ◽  
Daniela Seidinger ◽  
Renate Koppensteiner ◽  
Thomas Gremmel ◽  
Simon Panzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stent Implantation ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Platelet Reactivity ◽  
Platelet Inhibition ◽  
Percutaneous Intervention ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Platelet Aggregometry ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

SummaryA high on-treatment residual ADP-inducible platelet reactivity in light transmission aggregometry (LTA) has been associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, LTA is weakly standardized, and results obtained in one laboratory may not be comparable to those obtained in another one. We therefore sought to determine the test correlating best with LTA to estimate clopidogrel-mediated platelet inhibition in 80 patients on dual antiplatelet therapy after elective percutaneous intervention with stent implantation. We selected the VerifyNow P2Y12 assay, the vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation assay, multiple electrode platelet aggregometry and the Impact-R for comparisons with LTA. Cut-off values for residual ADP-inducible platelet reactivity were defined according to quartiles of each assay. Sensitivities and specificities of the different platelet function tests were based on the results from LTA. The results from all four assays correlated significantly with those from LTA. The VerifyNow P2Y12 assay revealed the strongest correlation (r = 0.61, p < 0.001). Sensitivities and specificities ranged from 35% to 55%, and from 78.3% to 85%, respectively. In conclusion, although all assays correlated significantly with LTA, they need to be improved to become clinically used diagnostic tests. Further, it may be too early to define the gold standard method for assessing residual ADP-inducible platelet reactivity and generally acceptable cut-off values.

Anti-Reflective Structure of PMMA/Glass Fiber Membrane Produce by Argon Plasma Etching and Variation of Transmitted Intensity

2012 ◽  
Vol 627 ◽  
pp. 864-868
Author(s):  
T.L. Hsin ◽  
W.H. Hsing ◽  
Nour Chuang
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Plasma Etching ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Argon Plasma ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Transmitted Intensity ◽  
Fiber Membrane ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this research is to increase the membrane’s transmitted intensities; it used Argon plasma etching to process the anti-reflective structure on PMMA/glass fiber membrane surface. The anti-reflective structure could increase the light transmission at the identical specification of membrane’s basic cloth. Membrane’s transmitted intensities can directly affect it products competitiveness. The parameter of experimentation set with distance between sample and RF plate are 19 or 5.5 centimeters, plasma output power is 270, 240, 210 Watt respectively, each process time is 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 seconds. In this stage, the best transmitted intensity of parameter is 19cm, 210W, 30sec; it increased 2.4 % than non-treatment sample. The summary of this study, decreased plasma output power would reduce the impact extent of plasma gas but uniformity of structure should increase. Decreased the distance between sample and RF plate can avoided the degeneration of energy, reinforced the problem of insufficient etching and reduced the turbulence.

Improvement for Bearing Ring Grinding Process Based on Six Sigma Methods

2013 ◽  
Vol 423-426 ◽  
pp. 898-903
Author(s):  
Ming Yue Guo ◽  
Hong Liang Lou
Keyword(s):  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Six Sigma ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Outer Ring ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Roundness Error ◽  
Assessment Index ◽  
Bearing Ring ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, six sigma methods were used in bearing ring grinding process improvement. In the improvement, bearing outer ring roundness error was selected as the assessment index, and exsiting problems in grinding process were defined, roundness error of bearing outer ring was measured.One-way analysis of variance was applied to analyze the test results, it indicates that workpiece center height, guide wheel tilt angle and grinding wheel balance are the three main factors that affecting roundness error.According to this analysis, orthogonal experiment was designed. The results show that grinding wheel balance, guide wheel tilt angle and workpiece center height on the impact of roundness error are in descending order. On this basis, a series of measures were carried out to control these three parameters. Uitimately, the grinding process capability index is increased from 0.88 to 1.43, and the target of improvement are achieved.

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