TBE infection in an incomplete immunized person at-risk who lives in a high-endemic area—Impact on current recommendations for immunization of high-risk groups

Vaccine ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Plíšek ◽  
Karel Honegr ◽  
Jiří Beran
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Risk Groups

scholarly journals Prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in general surgery: guidelines differ and we still need local policies

2011 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 370-374
Author(s):  
D Veeramootoo ◽  
L Harrower ◽  
R Saunders ◽  
D Robinson ◽  
WB Campbell
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Vte Prophylaxis ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Local Policies ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Uk

INTRODUCTION Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis has become a major issue for surgeons both in the UK and worldwide. Sev-eral different sources of guidance on VTE prophylaxis are available but these differ in design and detail. METHODS Two similar audits were performed, one year apart, on the VTE prophylaxis prescribed for all general surgical inpatients during a single week (90 patients and 101 patients). Classification of patients into different risk groups and compliance in prescribing prophylaxis were examined using different international, national and local guidelines. RESULTS There were significant differences between the numbers of patients in high, moderate and low-risk groups according to the different guidelines. When groups were combined to indicate simply ‘at risk’ or ‘not at risk’ (in the manner of one of the guidelines), then differences were not significant. Our compliance improved from the first audit to the second. Patients at high risk received VTE prophylaxis according to guidance more consistently than those at low risk. CONCLUSIONS Differences in guidance on VTE prophylaxis can affect compliance significantly when auditing practice, depending on the choice of ‘gold standard’. National guidance does not remove the need for clear and detailed local policies. Making decisions about policies for lower-risk patients can be more difficult than for those at high risk.

scholarly journals Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Seropositive Camel Handlers in Kenya

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice N. Kiyong’a ◽  
Elizabeth A. J. Cook ◽  
Nisreen M. A. Okba ◽  
Velma Kivali ◽  
Chantal Reusken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a respiratory disease caused by a zoonotic coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Camel handlers, including slaughterhouse workers and herders, are at risk of acquiring MERS-CoV infections. However, there is limited evidence of infections among camel handlers in Africa. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of antibodies to MERS-CoV in high-risk groups in Kenya. Sera collected from 93 camel handlers, 58 slaughterhouse workers and 35 camel herders, were screened for MERS-CoV antibodies using ELISA and PRNT. We found four seropositive slaughterhouse workers by PRNT. Risk factors amongst the slaughterhouse workers included being the slaughterman (the person who cuts the throat of the camel) and drinking camel blood. Further research is required to understand the epidemiology of MERS-CoV in Africa in relation to occupational risk, with a need for additional studies on the transmission of MERS-CoV from dromedary camels to humans, seroprevalence and associated risk factors.

Preoperative HIV Antibody Testing: The Views of Surgeons and Patients

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 426-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Meadows ◽  
Gillian Irving ◽  
Kate Chapman ◽  
Brian Gazzard ◽  
Jose Catalan
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Patient Consent ◽  
Hospital Doctors ◽  
Hiv Antibody Testing

Summary: Fifty surgeons and 72 preoperative patients in 2 central London hospitals were asked their views on preoperative HIV antibody testing, who is at risk of HIV infection and HIV test counselling. A substantial proportion of both surgeons and preoperative patients, 48% and 54% respectively, supported compulsory HIV antibody testing without patient consent. They believed this should occur as a routine practice prior to surgery. However, surgeons and patients differed in the preoperative patients to be considered for such testing. All surgeons advocating compulsory testing believed that it was only necessary for those patients belonging to high risk groups whilst preoperative patients believed that all patients should be HIV tested prior to surgery. Surgeons and patients also differed in their views on who was at risk of HIV infection. Surgeons believed those at risk to be members of identifiable risk groups whilst patients believed everyone was at risk, especially those engaging in high risk behaviours. Finally, when asked which health professionals they thought should be involved in HIV test counselling, both surgeons and patients agreed that hospital doctors, including surgeons themselves, should take on the responsibility of test counselling. The implications of this and routine HIV antibody testing are discussed.

Active case-finding of tuberculosis in general populations and at-risk groups: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 2100090
Author(s):  
Anders Solitander Bohlbro ◽  
Victor Schwartz Hvingelby ◽  
Frauke Rudolf ◽  
Christian Wejse ◽  
Cecilie Blenstrup Patsche
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Active Case Finding ◽  
Active Case ◽  
General Populations ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends active case-finding (ACF) of Tuberculosis (TB) in certain high-risk groups; however, more evidence is needed to elucidate the scope of ACF beyond the current recommendations. In this study we aimed to systematically review yields (the prevalence of active TB) of studies on ACF in general populations and at-risk groups.The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (registration no.: CRD42020206856). A literature search in PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL was performed for studies concluded after 31/12/1999 and published before 01/09/2020. Screening yields were estimated and yield/prevalence ratios (ratio between yield of study and WHO estimated prevalence of TB) were calculated to assess which groups might especially benefit from ACF. Finally, risk of bias was assessed, and heterogeneity was investigated using meta-regression and sensitivity analyses.We included 197 studies, with a total of 12 372 530 screened and 53 158 cases found. Yields were high among drug users, close contacts, the poor and marginalised, people living with HIV (PLHIV), and prison inmates across incidence strata and estimated yield/prevalence ratios in screenings of general populations tended to be >1 with an overall ratio of 1.4 and ranging between 1.0 and 1.5. Sensitivity analyses suggested that inclusion of studies at high risk of bias contributed to underestimation of yields.Despite many studies using insensitive screening methods, these results suggest that more at-risk groups should be considered for inclusion in future screening recommendations and that screening of general populations may outperform current case-finding practices, providing evidence for extending ACF beyond the current recommendations.

scholarly journals Schizotypal components in people at high risk of developing schizophrenia: early findings from the Edinburgh High-Risk Study

2002 ◽  
Vol 180 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Miller ◽  
Majella Byrne ◽  
Ann Hodges ◽  
Stephen M. Lawrie ◽  
David G. Cunningham Owens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Emotional Dysfunction ◽  
State Examination

BackgroundThe study of high-risk groups and the development of schizophrenia.AimsTo investigate further schizotypy, measured by the Structured Interview for Schizotypy (SIS), and to examine relationships between schizotypal components, psychotic symptoms on the Present State Examination (PSE) and subsequent schizophrenia.MethodThe SIS and PSE were administered on entry. Schizophrenia onsets were recorded during follow-up.ResultsThe SIS yielded four principal components labelled social withdrawal, psychotic symptoms, socio-emotional dysfunction and odd behaviour. On entry, these differentiated between controls, subjects at risk for schizophrenia with and without symptoms and patients with schizophrenia. Seven of 78 subjects at risk developed schizophrenia within 39 months. This was best predicted by combining the four SIS components.ConclusionsSchizotypy is heterogeneous and may become psychosis, particularly if several of its components are present. As psychosis develops, odd behaviour gives way to psychotic symptoms and social function deteriorates.

Acute Urinary Tract Infections

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Arun Chaudhuri ◽  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections remain a significant cause of morbidity throughout the globe. Proper understanding of the disease is extremely important for appropriate management. Recent studies have helped to define the population groups at risk for these infections, as well as the most cost-effective management strategies. This article will discuss aspects of initial diagnosis and subsequent management of different high risk groups.

scholarly journals Sexual risk behavior, Mobility and HIV infection among the Kothi (Men Sex with Men) in Puducherry

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Ajeet Jaiswal ◽  
A. Kirubakaran
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Sexual Risk Behavior ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Population At Risk ◽  
Key Population ◽  
Sex With Men

Mobility is an important factor contributing to the spread of HIV among key population at risk for HIV; however, research linking this relationship among men who have sex men (MSM) is scarce in India. Mobility is an important factor contributing to the spread of HIV among high risk groups; however, research linking this relationship among men who have sex men (MSM) is scarce in India. This article examines the association between the pattern of mobility and sexual risk behavior and HIV infection among MSM in Puducherry.

scholarly journals A Survey on Playing-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Classical Piano Students of Tertiary Institutions in Malaysia

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Chia Ying Ling ◽  
Fung Chiat Loo ◽  
Titi Rahmawati Hamedon
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
Piano Students ◽  
Hand Region ◽  
Practice Habits

Musicians are at risk of playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMD) with incidence ranging from approximately 30% to 90% in the shoulder-arm-hand region and within the spine. Pianists are one of the high risk groups of PRMD due to the nature of playing posture and practice habits. The number of pianists in Malaysia has increased significantly due to the growth of music programmes in tertiary institutions. Although extensive research has been carried out into PRMD for decades, investigation of PRMD among pianists in Malaysia is very limited.  This paper aimed to identify the extent of PRMD occurring among classical piano students in tertiary institutions in Malaysia. A survey was conducted and 192 set of data collected through administration of a questionnaire. Results showed that 35.8% (68) students reported having PRMD, of whom 17.6% were male (12) and 82.4% (56) were female. There is a great necessity to introduce ways to prevent PRMD which was reported at various levels among classical piano students.     Keywords: Playing-related musculoskeletal disorders, classical piano students, music

scholarly journals Throly Score Successfully Classifies Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients at Risk of Thromboembolic Complication

Blood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 8-8
Author(s):  
Darko Antic ◽  
Vladimir Otasevic ◽  
Sven Borchmann ◽  
Horst Muller ◽  
Vojin Vukovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test

INTRODUCTION: Thromboembolism (TE) in lymphoma patients is gathering substantial attention due to its impact on morbidity and mortality of those patients. The association between lymphoma and increased risk for TE development, especially venous thromboembolism (VTE), has lately been well established through numerous publications. Thrombosis Lymphoma (ThroLy) score has been initially developed as a simple risk assessment model for the risk of TE development in lymphoma patients. It has been both internally and externally validated in several studies, which dominantly included patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Therefore, aim of our study is to analyse and validate ThroLy score in an extensive cohort of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) patients. METHODS: A total of 5509 newly diagnosed HL patients, from the German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG) HD13-15 trials, were included in this study. Data has been obtained for all venous and arterial TE events in HL patients from time of diagnosis to 3 months after the last cycle of therapy. TE was diagnosed objectively based on radiographic studies (duplex venous ultrasound, contrast-enhanced thoracic computed tomography scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - for central nervous system (CNS) thrombosis, or angiograms (for arterial thrombosis), clinical examination and laboratory evaluation. Based on ThroLy score, patients were divided in three risk categories: low (score 0-1), intermediate (score 2-3) and high risk (score >3). Patients with intermediate and high-risk score were classified at risk. The validation was conducted through Chi-square test, ROC analysis and logistic regression. RESULTS: The mean patients' age was 35.9 years (range, 18-75 years); 55.7% were males. The majority of patients had limited or intermediate stage of disease: Ann Arbor stage I 10.6%, and stage II 57.5%. 190 (3.4%) patients developed thromboembolic events, 173 patients with VTE (3.14%), and 17 with arterial TE (0.31%), respectively. Chi-square test showed statistically significant association between TE and ThroLy score, both in three risk groups (chi-square = 18.236, p≤0.001) and two risk groups: low and at risk (chi-square = 18.029, p≤0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive value were 49%, 65%, 95%, and 97%, respectively. Binary logistic regression of ThroLy score showed statistically significant performance in prediction of TE events in HL patients, with satisfactory validity indicators (Ombinus Test chi-square = 11.668, p=0.001; AIC=44.956, BIC = 97.869). Diagnostic accuracy of ThroLy score was calculated via ROC curve (area under curve (AUC)=0.57). CONCLUSION: ThroLy score demonstrated its capability of risk prediction for TE events in HL patients. The limited statistical performance of the ThroLy score requires further research towards possible score enhancement. Disclosures Engert: AstraZeneca: Honoraria; MSD Sharp & Dohme: Honoraria; Bristol Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Research Funding; Affimed Therapeutics: Research Funding; Sandoz: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria, Research Funding.

Suicide in Nógrád County, Hungary, 1970-1994

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Zonda
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Suicide Notes ◽  
Suicidal Intention ◽  
Male Female Ratio

The author examined completed suicides occurring over a period of 25 years in a county of Hungary with a traditionally low (relatively speaking) suicide rate of 25.8. The rates are clearly higher in villages than in the towns. The male/female ratio was close to 4:1, among elderly though only 1.5:1. The high risk groups are the elderly, divorced, and widowed. Violent methods are chosen in 66.4% of the cases. The rates are particularly high in the period April-July. Prior communication of suicidal intention was revealed in 16.3% of all cases. Previous attempts had been undertaken by 17%, which in turn means that 83% of suicides were first attempts. In our material 10% the victims left suicide notes. Psychiatric disorders were present in 60.1% of the cases, and severe, multiple somatic illnesses (including malignomas) were present in 8.8%. The majority of the data resemble those found in the literature.

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