Design parameters for an electrochemical cell with porous electrode to treat metal–ion solution

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daewon Pak ◽  
Dowon Chung ◽  
Jeh Beck Ju
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
Electrochemical Cell ◽  
Porous Electrode ◽  
Design Parameters

scholarly journals Electrochemical Model-Based Investigation of Thick LiFePO4 Electrode Design Parameters

Modelling ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-287
Author(s):  
Robert Franke-Lang ◽  
Julia Kowal
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Porous Electrode ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Electrode Structure ◽  
Transport Channel ◽  
Scale Particle ◽  
Electrochemical Model

The electrification of the powertrain requires enhanced performance of lithium-ion batteries, mainly in terms of energy and power density. They can be improved by optimising the positive electrode, i.e., by changing their size, composition or morphology. Thick electrodes increase the gravimetric energy density but generally have an inefficient performance. This work presents a 2D modelling approach for better understanding the design parameters of a thick LiFePO4 electrode based on the P2D model and discusses it with common literature values. With a superior macrostructure providing a vertical transport channel for lithium ions, a simple approach could be developed to find the best electrode structure in terms of macro- and microstructure for currents up to 4C. The thicker the electrode, the more important are the direct and valid transport paths within the entire porous electrode structure. On a smaller scale, particle size, binder content, porosity and tortuosity were identified as very impactful parameters, and they can all be attributed to the microstructure. Both in modelling and electrode optimisation of lithium-ion batteries, knowledge of the real microstructure is essential as the cross-validation of a cellular and lamellar freeze-casted electrode has shown. A procedure was presented that uses the parametric study when few model parameters are known.

scholarly journals Microfluidic electrochemical cell for in situ structural characterization of amorphous thin-film catalysts using high-energy X-ray scattering

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1600-1611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gihan Kwon ◽  
Yeong-Ho Cho ◽  
Ki-Bum Kim ◽  
Jonathan D. Emery ◽  
In Soo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Electrochemical Cell ◽  
Porous Electrode ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Porous Electrodes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pdf Analysis ◽  
Thin Film Catalysts

Porous, high-surface-area electrode architectures are described that allow structural characterization of interfacial amorphous thin films with high spatial resolution under device-relevant functional electrochemical conditions using high-energy X-ray (>50 keV) scattering and pair distribution function (PDF) analysis. Porous electrodes were fabricated from glass-capillary array membranes coated with conformal transparent conductive oxide layers, consisting of either a 40 nm–50 nm crystalline indium tin oxide or a 100 nm–150 nm-thick amorphous indium zinc oxide deposited by atomic layer deposition. These porous electrodes solve the problem of insufficient interaction volumes for catalyst thin films in two-dimensional working electrode designs and provide sufficiently low scattering backgrounds to enable high-resolution signal collection from interfacial thin-film catalysts. For example, PDF measurements were readily obtained with 0.2 Å spatial resolution for amorphous cobalt oxide films with thicknesses down to 60 nm when deposited on a porous electrode with 40 µm-diameter pores. This level of resolution resolves the cobaltate domain size and structure, the presence of defect sites assigned to the domain edges, and the changes in fine structure upon redox state change that are relevant to quantitative structure–function modeling. The results suggest the opportunity to leverage the porous, electrode architectures for PDF analysis of nanometre-scale surface-supported molecular catalysts. In addition, a compact 3D-printed electrochemical cell in a three-electrode configuration is described which is designed to allow for simultaneous X-ray transmission and electrolyte flow through the porous working electrode.

Parametric Study of the Porous Cathode in the PEM Fuel Cell

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuqian Zhang ◽  
Li Jia
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Porous Electrode ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Average Pore

The electrochemical behavior and the reactant transport in the porous GDL and CL are controlled by a large number of parameters such as porosity, permeability, conductivity, catalyst loading, and average pore size etc. A three-dimensional PEM fuel cell model is developed. The model accounts for the mass, fluid and thermal transport processes as well as the electrochemical reaction. Using this model, the effects of the various porous electrode design parameters including porosity, solid electronic conductivity and thermal conductivity of cathode GDL, and the catalyst loading, average pore size of cathode CL are investigated through parametric study. The model is shown to agree well with experimental data over a substantial range of the porous electrode specifications. In addition, the model shows promise as a tool for optimizing the design of fuel cells.

Effects of the Environmental Pressure in the Corrosion Potential of the Copper that Will Be Used as Container of High Level Radioactive Waste

2003 ◽  
Vol 807 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Escobar ◽  
E Silva ◽  
C. Lamas ◽  
C. Silva ◽  
L. Werme
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Corrosion Potential ◽  
Electrochemical Cell ◽  
Copper Surface ◽  
Copper Corrosion ◽  
Deep Groundwater ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
High Level ◽  
Work Up

ABSTRACTThe SKB project of Sweden has considered copper as the most appropriate metal to be used as container for high activity radioactive waste. However, it is still necessary to carry out some studies that can assure that their chemical, physical, mechanical properties, etc. do not loose stability in a period so long as 100.000 years.In this work we show using anodic polarization, the corrosion potential (Ecorr) behaviour in different pressurized environment. The copper surface was characterized using optical microscopy. The electrochemical cell was mounted in a high pressure chamber that allowed to work up to 40 atm. The electrolyte solution simulates the deep groundwater, being the composition reported in literature [1].The experimental results in solutions without bentonite show only slightly changes of the corrosion potential to cathodic values. At pressures of 40 atm, products of corrosion are observed, covering micropitting, that can be induced because of a bigger interaction metal/ ion at these pressures.In the other case, bentonite presence produces beneficial effects in the resistance of the copper corrosion, since it is observed that the corrosion potential is displaced to more anodics values. This effects could be explained due to that this clay is able to retain ions that are aggressives for copper, such as chloride, sulphide, etc., and it liberates others that don't produce deterioration, such as sodium, that is in concordance with others authors[15].

A Modeling Study of Porous Electrode Property Effects on Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Performance

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Xie ◽  
X. Xue
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Reaction Zone ◽  
Polarization Curve ◽  
Porous Electrode ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Active Reaction

A two-dimensional isothermal mathematical model is developed for an anode-supported planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The model takes into account the complex coupling effects of multi-physics processes including mass transfer, charge (ion/electron) transport, and electrochemical reaction. The SOFC multi-physics processes are numerically linked to SOFC global performance such as polarization curve. The model is validated using polarization curve as a metric with the experimental data from open literature. Since triple phase boundary reaction zone may vary from the vicinity of the electrolyte all the way to the entire electrode depending on selected materials and fabrication process, the effects of anode active reaction zone with different volumes are investigated comprehensively for a generic button cell using the developed mathematical model. The tradeoff design between active reaction zone volumes and other design parameters such as porosity and tortuosity of electrodes are also examined. Results show that porous composite electrode properties have very complex effects on SOFC performance. The results may provide a valuable guidance for high performance SOFC design and fabrication.

The Effect of Electrode Parameters on Lead-Acid Battery Performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 651 ◽  
pp. 492-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Esfahanian ◽  
Pooyan Kheirkhah ◽  
Hassan Bahramian ◽  
Amir Babak Ansari ◽  
Goodarz Ahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Cell ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
Governing Equations ◽  
Discharge Current Density ◽  
Liquid Phases ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Commercial Software Package ◽  
Lead Acid

The investigation of design parameters is greatly helpful to use the optimum capacity of an electrochemical cell, which can be obtained from both experimental and numerical methods. In this study, a lead-acid battery has been simulated numerically using the CFD commercial software package FLUENT. The governing equations, including conservation of charge in solid and liquid phases and conservation of species, are solved by creating user defined functions. The effect of some basic parameters such as electrode porosity, discharge current density and width of the electrodes on the cell voltage behavior of a lead-acid battery is investigated. It has been shown that the increasing of the thickness and porosity of the PbO2electrode has more pronounced effect on the performance of battery than the Pb one.

scholarly journals An electrochemical cell with sapphire windows foroperandosynchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and spectroscopy studies of high-power and high-voltage electrodes for metal-ion batteries

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 468-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg A. Drozhzhin ◽  
Ivan V. Tereshchenko ◽  
Hermann Emerich ◽  
Evgeny V. Antipov ◽  
Artem M. Abakumov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cathode Material ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
High Power ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Electrochemical Cell ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Discharge Rates ◽  
Good Signal

A new multi-purposeoperandoelectrochemical cell was designed, constructed and tested on the Swiss–Norwegian Beamlines BM01 and BM31 at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. Single-crystal sapphire X-ray windows provide a good signal-to-noise ratio, excellent electrochemical contact because of the constant pressure between the electrodes, and perfect electrochemical stability at high potentials due to the inert and non-conductive nature of sapphire. Examination of the phase transformations in the Li1–xFe0.5Mn0.5PO4positive electrode (cathode) material at C/2 and 10C charge and discharge rates, and a study of the valence state of the Ni cations in the Li1–xNi0.5Mn1.5O4cathode material for Li-ion batteries, revealed the applicability of this novel cell design to diffraction and spectroscopic investigations of high-power/high-voltage electrodes for metal-ion batteries.

scholarly journals A Low Cost Potentiostat Device For Monitoring Aqueous Solution

2018 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 04001
Author(s):  
S. N. H. Umar ◽  
E. A. Bakar ◽  
N. M. Kamaruddin ◽  
N. Uchiyama
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Potential Control ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Main Component ◽  
The Cost

This study developed a new design of a low cost potentiostat circuit device. This device is an alternative electrochemical instrument applied for monitoring heavy metal ion in environmental water. It was developed to alleviate the cost burden of equipment procurement and due to the requirement for in-situ application since the existing commercialize devices are bulky and expensive. the main component of the device consist of electronics configuration of operational amplifier. the device was first modelled and simulated to acquire the design parameters and performance. the potential control algorithm was developed on open-source microcontroller platform. A dummy cell was used to validate the capabilities of the device.

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