Growth patterns of craniopharyngioma in children: role of the diaphragm sellae and its surgical implication

2002 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyu-Chang Wang ◽  
Seung-Ki Kim ◽  
Gheeyoung Choe ◽  
Je G Chi ◽  
Byung-Kyu Cho
Keyword(s):  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Diaphragm Sellae

scholarly journals Demand and Defective Growth Patterns: The Role of The Tradable and Non-Tradable Sectors in an Open Economy

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 272-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandile Hlatshwayo ◽  
Michael Spence
Keyword(s):  
Open Economy ◽  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Total Income ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Tradable Sector

This paper examines the underlying structural elements of US growth patterns, pre- and post-crisis. Prior to the recession, the US economy exhibited a defective growth pattern driven by outsized domestic demand. As domestic aggregate demand retreats to more sustainable levels relative to total income, the tradable side of the economy is a catalyst for restoring strong growth. A structural rebalancing is already underway; although it is only a third of the economy, the tradable sector generated more than half of gross gains in value-added since the start of the recovery. However, distributional issues loom on the horizon.

scholarly journals The Role of Sectoral Growth Patterns in Labor Market Development

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Arias-Vazquez ◽  
Jean N. Lee ◽  
David Newhouse
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Sectoral Growth

scholarly journals Role of cytokines in leukemic type growth of myelodysplastic CD34+ cells

Blood ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Sawada ◽  
M Ieko ◽  
A Notoya ◽  
T Tarumi ◽  
K Koizumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Clonal Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
Human Macrophage ◽  
Cluster Number ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Cd34 Cells

Abstract The clonal growth of progenitor cells from myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) can be subdivided into four growth patterns: (1) normal, (2) no growth or low plating efficiency, (3) low colony and high cluster number, and (4) normal or high colony number with a large number of clusters. The former two (1 and 2) can be referred to as nonleukemic patterns and latter two (3 and 4) as leukemic. In a search for a role for cytokines in leukemic-type growth of MDS progenitor cells, marrow CD34+ cells were purified up to 94% for 8 normal individuals and 88% for 12 MDS patients, using monoclonal antibodies and immunomagnetic microspheres (MDS CD34+ cells). The purified CD34+ cells were cultured for 14 days with various combinations of cytokines, including recombinant human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rM-CSF), granulocyte-CSF (rG-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage-CSF (rGM-CSF), interleukin-3 (rIL-3), and stem cell factor (SCF; a ligand for c-kit) in serum-free medium. The clonal growth of MDS CD34+ cells supported by a combination of all of the above cytokines was subdivided into the two patterns of leukemic or nonleukemic, and then the role of individual or combined cytokines in proliferation and differentiation of MDS CD34+ cells was analyzed in each group. Evidence we obtained showed that SCF plays a central role in the leukemic-type growth of MDS CD34+ cells and that G-CSF, GM-CSF; and/or IL-3 synergize with SCF to increase undifferentiated blast cell colonies and clusters over that seen in normal CD34+ cells. SCF is present in either normal or MDS plasma at a level of nanograms per milliliter, and this physiologic concentration of SCF can stimulate progenitor cells. This means that progenitor cells are continuously exposed to stimulation by SCF in vivo and that MDS leukemic cells have a growth advantage over normal blast cells. This depends, at least in part, on cytokines such as G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-3, and SCF.

scholarly journals How Does Entrepreneurial Orientation Influence the Sustainable Growth of SMEs? The Role of Relative Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiho Ok ◽  
He Soung Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Condition ◽  
Performance Feedback ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Firm Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Relative Performance ◽  
Past Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The answer to the question, “Which factors determine the sustainable growth of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)?” is still fragmented. While previous studies have paid attention to a firm’s entrepreneurial orientation (EO) as a key driver of SME growth, it is often overlooked that contextual factors can be crucial in order for EO to be effective in yielding sustainable growth in SMEs. This paper focuses on the role of relative performance as a boundary condition in the relationship between EO and sustainable growth of SMEs. We predict that the effect of EO on SMEs’ sustainable growth would differ depending on performance feedback based on their past performance. Our empirical analysis based on panel analysis shows that SMEs strongly pursue sales growth immediately after they achieve lower levels of performance than historical aspiration. However, when their performance goes beyond the historical aspiration level, their growth patterns appear to show a different pattern depending on their level of EO. SMEs with greater EO are more likely to pursue firm growth when performance is above historical aspirations while those with lesser EO are not. Our findings suggest that relative performance is an important boundary condition in the relationship between EO and SMEs’ sustainable growth.

scholarly journals Natural Geography and Patterns of Local Population Growth and Decline in Spain: 1960–2011

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 4979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelheid Holl
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Precipitation Seasonality ◽  
Growth Variation

This paper analyzes the role of natural geography for explaining local population change patterns. Using spatially detailed data for Spain from 1960 to 2011, the estimation results indicated that natural geography variables relate to about half of the population growth variation of rural areas and more than a third of the population growth variation of urban areas during this period. Local differences in climate, topography, and soil and rock formation as well as distance to aquifers and the coast contribute to variations in local population growth patterns. Although, over time, local population change became less related to differences in natural geography, natural geography is still significantly related to nearly a third of the variation in local population change in rural areas and the contribution of temperature range and precipitation seasonality has even increased. For urban areas, weather continues to matter too, with growth being higher in warmer places.

ROLE OF ENTEROCOCCI IN CHEDDAR CHEESE: GROWTH OF ENTEROCOCCI DURING MANUFACTURE AND CURING1

1973 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 613-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane P. Jensen ◽  
G. W. Reinbold ◽  
c. J. Washam ◽  
E. R. Vedamuthu
Keyword(s):  
Cheddar Cheese ◽  
Rapid Decrease ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Population Differences ◽  
Streptococcus Faecalis

Eight lots of Cheddar cheese were manufactured to determine the microbiological response of two strains each of Streptococcus faecalis and Streptococcus durans when used as supplemental starters in combination with a commercial lactic culture. Each lot consisted of a control vat of cheese manufactured with the lactic starter only, and an experimental vat of cheese containing the lactic starter and one of the enterococcus strains. Combinations of two curing temperatures ( 7.2 and 12.8 C) and two early cooling treatments (air vs. brine cooling) were used for cheeses from each vat to determine environmentally-induced variability. Growth patterns were monitored throughout the manufacture period up to the end of pressing, and during curing up to 6 months. Enterococcus populations showed little or no decrease when the cheeses were being pressed, whereas populations in control cheeses decreased over the same period. During curing, control cheeses cured at 7.2 C showed marked population decreases over the 6 months; those cured at 12.8 C showed a rapid decrease followed by an upsurge in population. Populations of S. faecalis in the experimental cheeses decreased only slightly, and S. durans showed almost no decrease. Generally, cheeses cured at 7.2 C showed the greatest numerical survival and there appeared to be no population differences caused by early cooling treatment.

scholarly journals From Plant Infectivity to Growth Patterns: The Role of Blue-Light Sensing in the Prokaryotic World

Plants ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aba Losi ◽  
Carmen Mandalari ◽  
Wolfgang Gärtner
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Light Sensing

scholarly journals Extracellular Matrix Optimization for Enhanced Physiological Relevance in Hepatic Tissue-Chips

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3016
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahim Chethikkattuveli Salih ◽  
Kinam Hyun ◽  
Arun Asif ◽  
Afaque Manzoor Soomro ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Umer Farooqi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Drug Screening ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Surface Coatings ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Tissue Formation ◽  
Tissue Development

The cellular microenvironment is influenced explicitly by the extracellular matrix (ECM), the main tissue support biomaterial, as a decisive factor for tissue growth patterns. The recent emergence of hepatic microphysiological systems (MPS) provide the basic physiological emulation of the human liver for drug screening. However, engineering microfluidic devices with standardized surface coatings of ECM may improve MPS-based organ-specific emulation for improved drug screening. The influence of surface coatings of different ECM types on tissue development needs to be optimized. Additionally, an intensity-based image processing tool and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) sensor may assist in the analysis of tissue formation capacity under the influence of different ECM types. The current study highlights the role of ECM coatings for improved tissue formation, implying the additional role of image processing and TEER sensors. We studied hepatic tissue formation under the influence of multiple concentrations of Matrigel, collagen, fibronectin, and poly-L-lysine. Based on experimental data, a mathematical model was developed, and ECM concentrations were validated for better tissue development. TEER sensor and image processing data were used to evaluate the development of a hepatic MPS for human liver physiology modeling. Image analysis data for tissue formation was further strengthened by metabolic quantification of albumin, urea, and cytochrome P450. Standardized ECM type for MPS may improve clinical relevance for modeling hepatic tissue microenvironment, and image processing possibly enhance the tissue analysis of the MPS.

scholarly journals Ghana’s Path to an Industrial–Led Growth: The Role of Decentralisation Policies

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Ama P. Fenny
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
Key Policy ◽  
Geographical Dispersion ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
The Government ◽  
Macroeconomic Environment

Ghana’s industrial sector has evolved with the various stages of political and economic reforms since independence in 1957. Efforts to decentralize its key institutions to enhance economic growth has seen very little success especially in the area of linking industries to local institutions. Recently, the economy has been dampened by worsening macroeconomic environment, huge regional disparities and power crises. A number of policy and programme initiatives by the government have been undertaken especially in the area of revamping the local economies through the existing decentralized systems. This paper presents a critical review of the role of decentralized institutions in industrialisation in Ghana. The paper utilises annual data from the Ministry of Finance and Ghana Statistical Service from 1981 to date to show trends in growth patterns in the selected indicators.Despite key interventions, some regions in Ghana have failed to develop. The envisioned industrial geographical dispersion has not been realised as we find many Ghanaian industries concentrated in a few regions. The paper highlights the challenges facing Ghana’s decentralized institutions and identifies the opportunities that can catalyse the growth of Ghana’s industrial sector if key policy strategic reforms are undertaken. An industrial-led growth will ensure that the manufacturing sub-sector will be boosted to improve production and provide jobs. Industrialisation has been projected at the forefront of government’s development agenda. The paper provides a review that highlights the need to support decentralised institutions to enable them stimulate investment in industrial sector.

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