Effect of timing of urea feeding on the yield and quality of embryos in lactating dairy cows

Fertility of lactating dairy cows is associated with reduced progesterone (P4) concentration compared with nonlactating animals. The objective of the current study was to determine whether P4 during growth of the first follicular wave (FFW) affects embryo quality. Lactating Holstein cows at 33±3 days post partum were allocated to one of three treatments. Cows in the FFW and FFW with P4 (FFWP) treatments started the superstimulation protocol on day 1 of the estrous cycle and second follicular wave (SFW) cows started the superstimulation protocol on estrous cycle day 7. Cows were superstimulated with 400 mg of NIH-FSH-P1 (FSH) given twice daily for 5 days, two prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) injections given with the ninth and tenth injections of FSH, GNRH given 48 h after the first PGF2α injection, and timed insemination 12 and 24 h after the GNRH injection. Cows in the FFWP treatment received two intravaginal P4 inserts during the superstimulation. Embryos were recovered 6.5 days after artificial insemination and excellent/good and fair embryos were frozen and transferred. Blood was sampled daily from estrous cycle day 0 until insemination from donor cows. During the superstimulation protocol, P4 was (P<0.01) greatest for SFW cows followed by FFWP and FFW cows respectively. The percentage of embryos–oocytes from SFW and FFWP cows classified as excellent/good and fair embryos was (P=0.02) greater than those of FFW cows. Pregnancy per embryo transfer was not (P≥0.73) affected by embryo donor treatment. Reduced embryo quality of cows induced to ovulate the follicles from the first follicular wave is a consequence of reduced P4 during follicle growth.

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Influence of Feeding Dehydrated Poultry Waste on Composition and Organoleptic Quality of Milk1

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-40.1.29 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 29-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J. C. BRUHN ◽

G. D. REIF ◽

H. TOONE ◽

J. H. EVANS

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Quality ◽

Poultry Waste ◽

Quality Factors ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Period 2 ◽

Lead Zinc ◽

Copper Lead ◽

Composite Samples

A double reversal trial with three, 4-week periods was used to determine the effect on milk quality of feeding dehydrated poultry waste to lactating dairy cows. Fifteen cows were fed a control ration for 4 weeks (Period 1), followed by an experimental ration containing dehydrated poultry waste for 4 weeks (Period 2), and then by the control ration for 4 weeks (Period 3). Milk was collected daily and scored by five judges using the ADSA milk flavor scoring guide. Milk compsition (fat, protein, lactose, and solids-not-fat) was determined on alternate days. During Periods 2 and 3 weekly composite samples were collected to determine concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead, zinc, and tocopherol. No significant differences were found in any of the milk quality factors studied.

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Nutritional and Keeping Quality of Total Mixed Ration Briquettes Produced for Lactating Dairy Cows

Sri Lankan Journal of Agriculture and Ecosystems ◽

10.4038/sljae.v3i1.60 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 46

Author(s):

R. H. W. M. Karunanayaka ◽

W. A. D. Nayananjalie ◽

S. C. Somasiri ◽

A. M. J. B. Adikari ◽

W. V. V. R. Weerasingha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Total Mixed Ration ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Keeping Quality

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Pasture silage in New Zealand - targets and current practice

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.1995.57.2165 ◽

1995 ◽

pp. 157-160

Author(s):

Sw Howse ◽

P. Isherwood ◽

D.B. Miller ◽

J.L. Well ◽

C.M. Riddick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

High Quality ◽

Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Feed Analysis ◽

Supplementary Feed ◽

National Information ◽

Lincoln University

Pasture silage is harvested from surplus spring pasture on many New Zealand dairy farms, for use as a supplementary feed in times of feed shortage. Targets for the quality of silage suitable for feeding to lactating dairy cows are presented, as recommended by a silage workshop held in Hamilton in 1994. National information from the Lincoln University Analytical Laboratory are presented that show that pasture silage made in the 1994J95 season was well preserved. However, most of that silage had a feed quality below the target set for lactating dairy cows. Averages for DM digestibility were 65.5-67.9%, estimated M/D was 9.3-9.6 MJ ME/kg DM, and crude protein was 14.6 15.1%. Silage-making practices were analysed, based on silage samples entered in the 1994195 Livestock Improvement Advisory silage competition. The key to making high quality pasture silage in the 1994/95 season was to harvest pasture by the first week in November. Nitrogen fertiliser may be used to produce early surplus pasture without restricting the feed supply to grazing cows. Further survey work is planned to confirm observations made, and expand on practical recommendations for making high quality pasture silage. Keywords: dairying, feed analysis, nitrogen fertiliser, pasture, silage, silage additives

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Evaluation of milk quality from dairy cows fed maize (Zea mays) stover treated with chopped and mineralized groundnut (Arachis hypogea) and soybean (Glycine max) stover

World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews ◽

10.30574/wjarr.2022.13.1.0222 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 102-114

Author(s):

Chisowa DM ◽

Mpofu, I DT ◽

Daura MT ◽

Syampaku EM

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Milk Quality ◽

Arachis Hypogea ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Density Values ◽

Feeding Trials

This study evaluated the effect of upgrading the quality of maize stover (MS) on milk nutritive value. The study involved feeding MS improved using urea (U), chopped groundnut stover (cGS), chopped soybean stover (cSS), mineralized groundnut stover solution (mGS) and mineralized soybean stover solution (mSS) to lactating dairy cows. The feeding trial involved twelve (12) dairy cows in their second parity. Effect of supplementation with MS improved with U, cGS, cSS, mGS and mSS on milk quality was evaluated following on-station feeding trials. The study involved 22 factorial experiments within a Completely Randomised Design (CRD). Milk samples were analysed for protein, lactose, fat and solid not fat (SNF). Mean milk protein levels ranged from 3.52mg/ml to 3,73mg/ml (s.e=0.03) for milk from cows fed on MS improved using cGS and mGS respectively. Protein and Lactose were observed to be the least variable (3.64g/ml ±0.12, and 5.24g ±0.24 respectively). Average milk fat content was highest (4.78%, se=0.52) in milk from cows fed on UET treated MS and lowest (3.43%, se=0.52) in milk from cows fed on gGS protein based MS. Within legume type milk fat was higher(4.75%±1.99) in milk from cows fed on MS blended with mGS than that in milk from cows fed on MS improved with cGS (3.43%±1.99). Similar result was observed in milk fat from cows fed on MS improved with the use of soybean. Lactose in milk from cows fed on UET treated MS was highest (5.51g, se=0.061) and lowest (5.10g, se=0.061) in milk from cows fed on MS blended with cGS. Milk from cows fed on MS improved with mGS was higher (9.61p/cwt, se=0.14) in SNF and lowest (8.88p/cwt, se=0.14) in milk from cows fed on MS with cGS. The milk density values ranged from 32.65sg, se=0.53 for milk from cows fed on UET treated MS to 30.42sg, se=0.053 for milk from cows fed on MS blended with cGS. Milk components were higher when cows were fed on MS improved using mineralized legume stover solutions.

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Effect of date and length of closure and post grazing residual on pasture quality for silage

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.1998.60.2298 ◽

1998 ◽

pp. 259-264

Author(s):

J.M. Mcgrath ◽

J.W. Penno ◽

K.L. Davis ◽

R. Wrenn

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Botanical Composition ◽

Pasture Quality ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Metabolisable Energy ◽

Made In

The nutritional value of pasture silage made in New Zealand is often sub-optimal for lactating dairy cows. As farming systems require more pasture silage to be used in an attempt to increase lactation lengths and milksolids production per cow, the quality of this silage becomes more important. In spring 1995, pastures were closed for silage at weekly intervals from 11 September to 17 October, representing six distinct closure dates, to determine the effect that date and length of closure has on pasture quality. In spring 1997 pastures were grazed to different residuals (1.2- 1.4, 1.8-2.0, 2.1-2.4 and 2.5-2.9 t DM/ha) and then closed for silage to determine the effect that post grazing residual has on pasture quality. In both experiments pasture dry matter (DM) yield and chemical and botanical composition was monitored over the 63 day closure. Pasture closed on 11 or 17 September had higher metabolisable energy (ME) (P

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Nutritive value for lactating dairy cows of the pressed herbage remaining after the partial extraction of leaf juice

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9810376 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 21 (111) ◽

pp. 376 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

CR Stockdale ◽

KR King ◽

DR McKenzie

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Protein Extraction ◽

Significant Loss ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Partial Extraction

A series of six experiments compared the production of lactating dairy cows eating either fresh herbage or the pressed herbage remaining after the partial extraction of juice. Irrigated perennial pasture and irrigated lucerne (Medicago sativa) were used in different experiments. With forage-harvested pasture, extraction removed an average of 42.1 g of protein per kg dry matter (DM) of pasture processed. An average of 85% of the DM of the original fresh pasture was left as pressed pasture. The process lowered the in vitro digestibility, total nitrogen, and cell contents of the herbage, and raised the cell wall constituents. It also reduced herbage phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and sodium, but increased herbage calcium slightly. The milk yield of cows fed an equivalent DM intake of pressed residue was, on average, 6% lower than the milk yield of cows fed fresh pasture. The responses shown by the milk constituents were inconsistent. With lucerne, extraction removed an average of 95.9 g of protein from each kg of fresh herbage and an average of 74% of the lucerne was left as pressed lucerne. This reduced the quality of the pressed residue as determined by in vitro digestibility (5%), Kjeldahl nitrogen (19%) and neutral detergent fibre (27%). However, there was no significant loss of production for cows on the pressed herbage, although there were small differences. It is concluded that lucerne would appear to have the greater potential for a leaf protein extraction industry in the irrigated areas of the Goulburn Valley of Victoria.

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The effect of level of concentrate feeding on the response of lactating dairy cows to dietary inclusion of fodder beet

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200005640 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 2001 ◽

pp. 182-182

Author(s):

D.C. Patterson ◽

C.P. Ferris ◽

F.J. Gordon

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Fodder Beet ◽

Grass Silage ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Alternative Approach ◽

Increase Energy Intake ◽

Dietary Component ◽

And Performance

Traditional options to increase the energy intakes of lactating dairy cows include raising the level of concentrate feeding and/or improving the quality of grass silage. However, each of these options have limited potential to increase total ME intake (Ferris et al., 2000). The inclusion of an additional dietary component, such as whole crop cereal silage or fodder beet constitutes an alternative approach to increase energy intake (Phipps et al., 1995). An experiment was designed to examine the potential of fodder beet to increase the energy intake and performance of lactating dairy cows across a range of levels of concentrate feeding.

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Effect of Supplementation of Herd Diet with Olive Cake on the Composition Profile of Milk and on the Composition, Quality and Sensory Profile of Cheeses Made Therefrom

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10060977 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 977 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Biagina Chiofalo ◽

Ambra Rita Di Rosa ◽

Vittorio Lo Presti ◽

Vincenzo Chiofalo ◽

Luigi Liotta

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Sensory Profile ◽

Control Group ◽

Olive Cake ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Conventional Diet ◽

Nutraceutical Properties ◽

Cheese Production

Aim of the present study was to assess the effect of dietary dried partially destoned olive cake supplement on nutritional quality and sensory profile of milk and cheese produced by dairy cows. The experiment was carried out on eighty-four healthy dairy Friesian cows divided into two homogenous groups. The control group (CTR) received a conventional diet, whereas the experimental group (OC) received a conventional diet supplemented with olive cake as 15% of DM. The trial lasted five months. Monthly, on individual milk samples, yield and physical-chemical parameters were determined. Milk was used for the artisanal cheese production. On 10 samples of cheese for each group, physical-chemical and fatty acid profile were determined. Electronic nose analysis and sensory evaluation were performed. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. The diet affected (p < 0.05) the milk yield, exclusively in September. Yield and quality of cheese of OC group after 60 d of ripening showed higher (p < 0.05) yield, moisture and fat content, lower (p < 0.05) pH, protein, salt and ash content, higher (p < 0.01) MUFA and PUFA and CLA content, lower (p < 0.05) SFA, higher (p < 0.01) UFA/SFA and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratios, better (p < 0.01) atherogenic and thrombogenic indices. Data show dietary olive cake supplementation in lactating dairy cows improves nutritional and nutraceutical properties of cheese, volatile profile and level of assessors’ acceptance.

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The value of artificially dried grass, silage made with added molasses and A.I.V. fodder in the diet of the dairy cow and their effect on the quality of the milk, with special reference to the value of the non-protein nitrogen

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600022723 ◽

1936 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 337-367 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

S. J. Watson ◽

W. S. Ferguson

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Dairy Cow ◽

Control Diet ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Mineral Acid ◽

Protein Nitrogen ◽

Grass Silage ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Four Blocks

An experiment has been carried out with dairy cows to measure the value of artificially dried grass, silage made with added molasses and A.I.V. fodder (silage made with mineral acid in quantity sufficient to bring the pH of the mass to between 3·0 and 4·0) in the diet, on the yield and quality of the milk. A preliminary period of 3 weeks when all cows were on the control diet was followed by an experimental period of 17 weeks. There were four treatments: a control ration consisting of hay, roots and concentrates; one in which artificially dried grass replaced part of the concentrates; a third in which molassed silage was fed; and a fourth including A.I.V. fodder. There were originally five blocks of four cows each, the four treatments being randomised in each block, each block of cows standing together in the cowshed to eliminate any possible effect of position. One block went dry after 8 weeks, but the remaining four blocks completed the experiment.

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