Quality criteria for process design in the design process — industrial case studies and an expert panel

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. S513-S520 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M. Herder ◽  
M.P.C. Weijnen
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Quality Criteria

scholarly journals A MODEL OF CREATIVE HERITAGE FOR INDUSTRY: DESIGNING NEW RULES WHILE PRESERVING THE PRESENT SYSTEM OF RULES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
Honorine Harlé ◽  
Pascal Le Masson ◽  
Benoit Weil
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Innovation Management ◽  
Present System ◽  
Innovative Capability ◽  
Current Change ◽  
A Site ◽  
Do So

AbstractIn industry, there is at once a strong need for innovation and a need to preserve the existing system of production. Thus, although the literature insists on the necessity of the current change toward Industry 4.0, how to implement it remains problematic because the preservation of the factory is at stake. Moreover, the question of the evolution of the system depends on its innovative capability, but it is difficult to understand how a new rule can be designed and implemented in a factory. This tension between preservation and innovation is often explained in the literature as a process of creative destruction. Looking at the problem from another perspective, this article models the factory as a site of creative heritage, enabling creation within tradition, i.e., creating new rules while preserving the system of rules. Two case studies are presented to illustrate the model. The paper shows that design in the factory relies on the ability to validate solutions. To do so, the design process can explore and give new meaning to the existing rules. The role of innovation management is to choose the degree of revision of the rules and to make it possible.

scholarly journals Geochemical and biological controls on the ecological relevance of total, dissolved, and colloidal forms of trace elements in large boreal rivers: review and case studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-163
Author(s):  
C.W. Cuss ◽  
C.N. Glover ◽  
M.B. Javed ◽  
A. Nagel ◽  
W. Shotyk
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Athabasca River ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Boreal Rivers

The concentrations of trace elements (TEs) in large boreal rivers can fluctuate markedly due to changing water levels and flow rates associated with spring melt and variable contributions from tributaries and groundwaters, themselves having different compositions. These fluctuating and frequently high concentrations create regulatory challenges for protecting aquatic life. For example, water quality criteria do not account for changes in flow regimes that can result in TE levels that may exceed regulatory limits, and neither do they account for the markedly different lability and bioaccessibility of suspended solids. This review addresses the geochemical and biological processes that govern the lability and bioaccessibility of TEs in boreal rivers, with an emphasis on the challenges posed by the colloidal behaviour of many TEs, and their relationship to the dissolved fraction (i.e., <0.45 μm in size). After reviewing the processes and dynamics that give rise to the forms and behaviour of TEs in large boreal rivers, their relevance for aquatic organisms and the associated relationships between size and lability and bioaccessibility are discussed. The importance of biological variables and different forms of TEs for limiting lability and bioaccessibility are also addressed. Two case studies emphasize seasonal fluctuations and accompanying changes in the distribution of TE amongst different size fractions and associated colloidal species in large boreal rivers: the Northern Dvina and one of its tributaries, the Pinega River, both in Russia, and the Athabasca River in Alberta, Canada. Water quality in the Athabasca River is briefly discussed with respect to Canadian guidelines.

Optimising building performance through integrating risk management and building information modelling during the design process

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Ahmed Ezzat Othman ◽  
Fatma Othman Alamoudy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Building Performance ◽  
Building Information Modelling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Information Modelling ◽  
Building Information

Purpose This paper aims to develop a framework for optimising building performance through the integration between risk management (RM) and building information modelling (BIM) during the design process. Design/methodology/approach To achieve this aim, a research strategy consisting of literature review, case studies and survey questionnaire is designed to accomplish four objectives. First, to examine the concepts of design process, building performance, RM and BIM; second, to present three case studies to explain the role of using RM and BIM capabilities towards optimising building performance; third, to investigate the perception and application of architectural design firms in Egypt towards the role of RM and BIM for enhancing building performance during the design process; and finally, to develop a framework integrating RM and BIM during the design process as an approach for optimising building performance. Findings Through literature review, the research identified 18 risks that hamper optimising building performance during the design process. In addition, 11 building performance values and 20 BIM technologies were defined. Results of data analysis showed that “Design budget overrun”, “Lack of considering life cycle cost” and “Inefficient use of the design time” were ranked the highest risks that affect the optimisation of building performance. Respondents ranked “Risk avoid” or “Risk transfer” as the most risk responses adopted in the Egyptian context. In addition, “BIM As Built” was ranked the highest BIM technology used for overcoming risks during the design process. These findings necessitated taking action towards developing a framework to optimising building performance. Originality/value The research identified the risks that affect optimising building performance during the design process. It focuses on improving the design process through using the capabilities of BIM technologies towards overcoming these risks during the design process. The proposed framework which integrates RM and BIM represents a synthesis that is novel and creative in thought and adds value to the knowledge in a manner that has not previously occurred.

Automation and Management of Design Process of the Main Drive for an Innovative Fruits and Vegetables Washer

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
V. P. Bui ◽  
◽  
S. S. Gavruishin ◽  
V. B. Phung ◽  
H. M. Dang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Rational Solution ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Pareto Optimal ◽  
Optimal Domain ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
New Generation

A new technique is described, used by the authors to automate the design process of the main drive of a new generation machine intended for industrial washing of fruits and vegetables. To solve the problem of multi-criteria design, the original approach is proposed that uses interconnected mathematical models describing the dynamic behavior, strength reliability and functional characteristics of the machine in a unified information space. The generalized mathematical model includes 12 controlled parameters, 16 functional constraints, and 3 quality criteria. A genetic algorithm was used to find the space of Pareto-optimal solutions. The situational approach was used to select the final rational solution from a set of solutions belonging to the Pareto-optimal domain. The rational design of option the washer found using the proposed approach is compared with the existing ones. The proposed design methodology can be recommended for the design of a wide range of similar mechanical structures.

scholarly journals AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AND IMPLEMENTS DESIGN PROCESS: GUIDELINES FOR SMALL AND MID-SIZED BUSINESSES

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato L. Bergamo ◽  
Leonardo N. Romano
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Process Modeling ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
New Products ◽  
Machine Design ◽  
Reference Models ◽  
Knowledge Domains ◽  
Modeling Formalism

ABSTRACT This study aims at presenting the process of machine design and agricultural implements by means of a reference model, formulated with the purpose of explaining the development activities of new products, serving as a guideline to coach human resources and to assist in formalizing the process in small and medium-sized businesses (SMB), i.e. up to 500 employees. The methodology used included the process modeling, carried out from case studies in the SMB, and the study of reference models in literature. The modeling formalism used was based on the IDEF0 standard, which identifies the dimensions required for the model detailing: input information; activities; tasks; knowledge domains; mechanisms; controls and information produced. These dimensions were organized in spreadsheets and graphs. As a result, a reference model with 27 activities and 71 tasks was obtained, distributed over four phases of the design process. The evaluation of the model was carried out by the companies participating in the case studies and by experts, who concluded that the model explains the actions needed to develop new products in SMB.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MULTIMEDIA PADA MATA KULIAH KOMPETENSI PEMBELAJARAN POKOK MATERI KETERAMPILAN DASAR MENGAJAR

Jurnal PenSil ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Gilang Mawardi ◽  
Tuti Iriani ◽  
Daryati Daryati
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Development Research ◽  
The Media ◽  
D Model

This research is a type of research and development that aims to produce products in the form of multimedia powerpoint-based learning media in Learning Competency courses. This development research is a Research and Development research method with the 4D (four-D) model. This research is basically done through four main stages, namely define process, design process, develop process, and disseminate process. However, the research only reaches the stage of the development process. This study uses a questionnaire as a tool to test the feasibility of the media through the validation of media experts and material experts. The results of development are multimedia powerpoint-based learning media products. Assessments by material expert lecturers get scores 4,27 categorized as "Very Good". An assessment by a media expert lecturer got a score of 3.31 which was categorized as "Quite Good". The results of the average assessment from material and media experts get the value "3,79" means that multimedia-based learning media is categorized as "Good.".

Costruire sul costruito. Ipotesi operative a confronto

TERRITORIO ◽  
2012 ◽  
pp. 107-111
Author(s):  
Vitaliano Tosoni
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Core Set ◽  
The Social

Research activities are trying to address the issues of the recovery, redevelopment and enhancement of the buildings of the Tor Bella Monica neighbourhood through the formulation of a set of operations designed to achieve the social, cultural and architectural promotion of these buildings. By looking at the technical limitations resulting from the heavy prefabricated methods used to build them and also through reference to national and international case studies, a picture was constructed of possible types of action to take as an initial core set of operations designed to support the design process through graphic simulations, the indication of operational areas and the magnitude of the intervention proposed.

JAVA™-Based Design Calculator for Integral Snap-Fits

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung S. Oh ◽  
Dean Q. Lewis ◽  
Daeyong Lee ◽  
Gary A. Gabriele
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Operating System ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Specific Loading ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Integral Attachment ◽  
A Company

Abstract Many different types of snap-fits have been developed to replace conventional fasteners, and research efforts have been made to characterize their performance. It is often tedious to look for design equations for unique types of snap-fits to calculate the insertion and retention forces. If found, these equations tend to be long, complex, and difficult to use. For this reason, a snap-fit calculator has been created to help in designing integral attachment features. Studies of seven most commonly used snap-fits (annular snap, bayonet-and-finger, cantilever hook, cantilever-hole, compressive hook, L-shaped hook, and U-shaped, hook) were used to provide the equations implemented in this snap-fit calculator, more fasteners than any other snap-fit calculator available. This tool aids in designing snap-fits to meet specific loading requirements by allowing the designer to size the feature to obtain desired estimates for maximum insertion and retention forces. The software for this design tool was written in JAVA™ language that is independent of operating system platforms and can be distributed at a company site-wide over an intranet or worldwide over the Internet. This makes it easily accessible to a user, and universal upgrades can be achieved by simply updating the software at the server location. Designers will find this tool to be useful in the design process and the most convenient way to estimate the performance of snap-fits. This paper describes the development and operation of the IFP snap-fit calculator including several case studies comparing the calculated results to experimental data.

A Practical Formal Safety Assessment System for the Marine Design Environment

1999 ◽  
Vol 36 (04) ◽  
pp. 183-293
Author(s):  
C. F. Cain ◽  
R. W. Birmingham ◽  
P. Sen ◽  
R. M. Cripps
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Catastrophic Failure ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Design Environment ◽  
Formal Safety Assessment ◽  
Design For Safety

In marine design safety, decisions are based largely on the experience of the designers, expressed in a semi-formal way. Dangers are inherent in this approach, in that there is a possibility of overlooking catastrophic failure scenarios. This paper investigates a procedure dedicated to design for safety and describes its practical application to the marine design process. The developed formal safety assessment system comprises various well established safety assessment methods and statistical techniques, which in combination facilitate a novel, holistic and practical approach in incorporating safety aspects at the initial design stages. The system has been developed in the context of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) rescue vessel design process and was validated using various rescue vessel case studies. The formal safety assessment system and the supporting software written to facilitate its implementation are now being fully used in the development of current RNLI rescue vessel designs.

The Structure of Software Design

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Salzman ◽  
Stephen R. Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Software Design ◽  
Software Industry ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Technological Transformation ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Business Applications ◽  
Dual Perspective ◽  
Front Office

The software industry really came of age in the 1970s and 1980s. This was a time of technological transformation in the workplace. The computer expanded from the backroom to the front office and evolved from simple data processing to integrated information systems. The growth of the independent software vendor led to an important change in software design. User firms began to purchase large, standard or semicustom systems from thirdparty vendors rather than purchasing software with hardware and having most applications software custom designed by an in-house programming staff. This added another dimension to the software design process: Software became the product of at least two organizations (the vendor and one or more user firms) and its design and production became mediated by the market. The organizational simplicity of software design occurring within one organization, as difficult a process as that may be, became relatively more complex organizationally. This chapter examines one part of the process of technology design and use: the activities internal to the software design firm. It concentrates on the structure and dynamics of the design process rather than on specific design decisions. The findings presented in this chapter are based on a survey of vendor firms and may represent a different perspective than findings on software developed within a user firm. By focusing on dynamics that transcend choices of particular individuals, we show how decisions are shaped and constrained by the structure of the design process itself. The three chapters following this one present case studies that describe specific choices of software features and functions and analyze the impacts of those choices on software users and customers. Taken together, this chapter and the case studies present the dual perspective necessary to appreciate how software is a socially constructed technology. The business applications software industry for mainframes and minicomputers is composed of hardware manufacturers such as IBM and Digital Equipment Corporation, several large vendors, and numbers of small specialty firms.

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