00/02762 Pyrolysis of plastic wastes. 1. Effect of plastic waste composition on product yield

The urbanization process contributes to the growth of solid waste generation and causes an increase in environmental impacts and failures in the management of solid waste. The number of dumps is a concern due to the limited implementation and safe disposal of this waste. The interest in sustainable techniques has been growing in relation to waste management, which is largely absorbed by the civil construction sector. This work aimed to review plastic waste, especially polyethylene terephthalate (PET), that can be incorporated with construction materials, such as concrete, mortars, asphalt mixtures, and paving. The use of life-cycle assessment (LCA) is related, as a tool that allows the sustainability of products and processes to be enhanced in the long term. After analyzing the recent literature, it was identified that studies related to plastic wastes in construction materials concentrate sustainability around the alternative destination of waste. Since the plastic waste from different production chains are obtained, it was possible to affirm the need for a broader assessment, such as the LCA, providing greater quantification of data making the alternative processes and products more sustainable. The study contributes to enhance sustainability in alternative building materials through LCA.

Download Full-text

Potential Chemicals from Plastic Wastes

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26113175 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (11) ◽

pp. 3175

Author(s):

Ravindra Prajapati ◽

Kirtika Kohli ◽

Samir K. Maity ◽

Brajendra K. Sharma

Keyword(s):

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Plastic Waste ◽

Chemical Production ◽

Protection Agency ◽

Medical Apparatus ◽

Plastic Materials ◽

Future System ◽

Plastic Wastes ◽

The U.S

Plastic is referred to as a “material of every application”. From the packaging and automotive industries to the medical apparatus and computer electronics sectors, plastic materials are fulfilling demands efficiently. These plastics usually end up in landfills and incinerators, creating plastic waste pollution. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in 2015, 9.1% of the plastic materials generated in the U.S. municipal solid waste stream was recycled, 15.5% was combusted for energy, and 75.4% was sent to landfills. If we can produce high-value chemicals from plastic wastes, a range of various product portfolios can be created. This will help to transform chemical industries, especially the petrochemical and plastic sectors. In turn, we can manage plastic waste pollution, reduce the consumption of virgin petroleum, and protect human health and the environment. This review provides a description of chemicals that can be produced from different plastic wastes and the research challenges involved in plastic waste to chemical production. This review also provides a brief overview of the state-of-the-art processes to help future system designers in the plastic waste to chemicals area.

Download Full-text

Utilization of Plastic Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate (Pet) as a Coarse Aggregate Alternative in Paving Block

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201928004007 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 280 ◽

pp. 04007

Author(s):

Wiku A. Krasna ◽

Rijali Noor ◽

Denny D. Ramadani

Keyword(s):

Coarse Aggregate ◽

Hydraulic Press ◽

Plastic Waste ◽

Fine Aggregate ◽

Pet Waste ◽

Cement Material ◽

Weight Measurement ◽

Plastic Wastes ◽

Waste Polyethylene

PET plastic waste is found everywhere in Banjarbaru City compared to other plastic wastes. It is an excellent prospect to reuse the PET plastic waste. The demand of mountain rock and stone from natural resources increases as happened in Aranio Sub District, Banjar Regency. This research is expected to find one way of suppressing the growth of the number of stone mines or natural stone. Based on SNI 03-0691-1996, the classification of the paving block differentiated according to its usage class, one of which is the C quality used by pedestrians. PET waste used as a coarse aggregate previously processed into aggregate with the ratio of cement material, fine aggregate, a coarse aggregate of 1:6:4. PET waste is processed by melting PET and forming into aggregates. The paving with PET waste process by a hydraulic press machine and tested for strength after 28 days. The result of weight measurement with the specimen increases the amount of PET in the paving block mixture, the paving weight decreases as well as the compressive strength.

Download Full-text

Pyro-Oil and Wax Recovery from Reclaimed Plastic Waste in a Continuous Auger Pyrolysis Reactor

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13082040 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 2040 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sultan Majed Al-Salem ◽

Yang Yang ◽

Jiawei Wang ◽

Gary Anthony Leeke

Keyword(s):

Product Distribution ◽

Plastic Waste ◽

Densification Process ◽

Plastic Pollution ◽

Waste Plastic ◽

Diesel Fuels ◽

Plastic Recycling ◽

Plastic Wastes ◽

Liquid Products ◽

Pyrolysis Reactor

The increasing global waste plastic pollution is urging people to take immediate actions on effective plastic recycling and processing. In this work, we report the results of processing reclaimed plastic wastes from unsanitary landfill site in Kuwait by using a bench scale continuous auger pyrolysis system. The plastic feedstock was characterised. After a simple thermal densification process, the material was fed to the pyrolysis system at 500 °C. The pyro-oil and wax products were collected and characterised. The process mass balance was developed on dry basis, and the yields of pyro-oil, light wax, heavy wax and gases were 5.5, 23.8, 69.4 and 1.3 wt%, respectively. The findings have indicated that the reclamation of plastic waste from landfill was feasible in terms of the product distribution and characteristics. Further liquid analysis confirmed that the liquid products contained fractions that are comparable to petrol and diesel fuels. The wax products are viable and have potential application as coating, covering and lubrication.

Download Full-text

Reducing plastic waste for the competitiveness of Vietnamese tourist attractions

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202021001011 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 210 ◽

pp. 01011

Author(s):

Minh Tuan Tran ◽

Trung Luong Pham ◽

Xuan Tung Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Public Education ◽

Sustainable Tourism ◽

Plastic Waste ◽

Plastic Pollution ◽

Tourist Attractions ◽

Sustainable Tourism Development ◽

The Past ◽

Plastic Bags ◽

Plastic Wastes ◽

Plastic Products

Plastic usage in tourism activities has increased significantly in Vietnam over the past decades, leading to the burden of plastic pollution and the threat to sustainable tourism development. The Vietnamese government has recognized the importance of plastic waste management in sustainable tourism. Laws and regulations on controlling pollution due to non-biodegradable plastic bags. Public education activities have been organized to encourage people replace plastic products with natural materials, reuse plastic bags and reduce plastic wastes. Many tourism businesses have found ways to limit plastic consumption, such as replacing disposal plastic products with eco-friendly products. Vietnamese tourism has taken the first steps in reducing plastic waste pollution in tourism activities. This article proposed some solutions to limit and restrain plastic wastes from tourism in Vietnam.

Download Full-text

Fuzzy Based Spatial Risk Evaluation of Plastic Pollution: A Case Study of Anambra State of Nigeria

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1027353/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Emmanuel Chibundo Chukwuma ◽

Louis Chukwuemeka orakwe ◽

Ejikeme Emmanuel Emenike ◽

Chukwuma Chris Okonkwo

Keyword(s):

State Government ◽

Local Governments ◽

Drainage Density ◽

Plastic Waste ◽

Mitigation Measures ◽

Plastic Pollution ◽

Terrestrial Environment ◽

Anambra State ◽

Spatial Risk ◽

Plastic Wastes

Abstract Natural systems, human health, and artistic sensitivities are all threatened by plastic pollution in most developed and developing countries. Plastic has emerged as a major global threat with rivers serving as sink for transported plastics, emanating from the terrestrial environment as a result of human activities. Anambra State in Nigeria is arguably the business hub of the South-eastern part of Nigeria, with a massive output of plastic wastes daily from individuals, commercial activities and industries. Owing to an inefficient waste management system, plastic leakage into her drainage networks is a critical environmental challenge. The aim of this study is to geospatially model the vulnerability associated with the various plastic leakage factors to the environment. To achieve this aim, data on different thematic variables which include plastic waste density, slope, land-use, drainage density and distance to drainage network of the study area were modelled, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) was used to delineate the variables in order to obtain final risk map for the study area. The result of the study indicates that a total area very high risk is 1840.03 km2, this constitutes about 40.11% of the study area. Local Governments Areas (LGA) located in the southern part of the study area is more susceptible to plastic waste leakage, this could be linked to factors like high dense population and increasing rate of urbanization in the region. It is recommended that waste collection should be frequent, strategic and higher priority should be attached to the high risked area from this study. Anambra State Government also needs to work together with plastic recycling companies, for effective collection of plastic wastes in the areas classified as hotspots in plastic litter accumulation as one of the mitigation measures.

Download Full-text

ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PLASTICS WASTE FOR PYROLYSIS PROCESS: COMPARISON OF SELECTED PACKAGING PLASTICS AND PVC

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v77.6685 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 77 (23) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maryudi Maryudi ◽

Martomo Setyawan ◽

Noni Noni ◽

Samihah Yahayor

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Decomposition Temperature ◽

Ash Content ◽

Plastic Waste ◽

Pyrolysis Process ◽

Process Comparison ◽

The Poor ◽

Plastic Wastes ◽

Three Stages ◽

Plastics Waste

The poor degradability of plastics has led to huge plastics deposit in a landfill of which pyrolysis technology has been proposed to solve plastics waste problem. This paper reports the study on characteristics of two kinds of plastic wastes: selected packaging plastics and PVC. Characterizations have been performed for investigating water content, ash content, and decomposition temperature. The results revealed that the water content of packaging plastic waste was 0.69 ± 0.11%, while PVC was 1.22 ± 0.24%. The ash contents are 2.36 ± 1.03 % and 27.24±1.73 % for packaging plastics waste and PVC waste respectively. Plastic waste from packaging application and PVC waste decomposed at a temperature of 300-500°C and 200-800°C respectively. Decomposition of PVC waste took place in three stages: 200-370°C, 370-525°C and 600-800°C. It is recommended that the pyrolysis process should be conducted in the range of 300-500°C for packaging plastic waste and 200-800°C for PVC waste.

Download Full-text

The Effect of Natural Clays Catalysts on Thermal Degradation of a Plastic Waste Mixture

Advanced Engineering Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.8-9.103 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8-9 ◽

pp. 103-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Miuţa Filip ◽

Aurelia Pop ◽

Ioana Perhaiţa ◽

Roxana Trusca ◽

Tiberiu Rusu

Keyword(s):

Electronic Energy ◽

Catalytic Degradation ◽

Plastic Waste ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Infrared Spectrometry ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Polymer Waste ◽

Plastic Wastes ◽

Natural Clays ◽

Waste Mixture

The thermal and catalytic degradation of a plastic wastes mixtures using two types of natural clays catalysts has been carried out in order to obtaining liquid oils with potential use in the chemical industry. Thus, the polymer waste mixture (PWM) of polystyrene (PS), poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) were thermally degraded at 420 °C in absence and presence of studied catalysts in mass ratio 1:10, catalyst/PWM. The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms (BET), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) for determined the structural and textural properties. The degradation of plastic wastes produces gases, liquids and solid residue products. The effect of the catalyst types on the yields and distribution of end-products obtained by thermal and catalytic degradation of mixed plastic waste has been studied. The yields of liquid oils fractions were calculated between 54.98 wt.% and 62.18 wt.%. The liquids and solid products were analyzed by different analytical techniques: gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and/or FTIR, in order to establish the chemical compositions. The GC-MS results showed that the liquid products contain in principal monoaromatic compounds like styrene, toluene, ethylbenzene or α-methylstyrene. The FTIR and UV-Vis spectra of products indicated the specific vibration bands or transitions between electronic energy levels of the functional groups of the constituent compounds.

Download Full-text