Antimicrobial-resistance trends in bacterial isolates from companion-animal community practice in the UK

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.H Normand ◽  
N.R Gibson ◽  
S.W.J Reid ◽  
S Carmichael ◽  
D.J Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Companion Animal ◽  
Community Practice ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Animal Community ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance in clinical bacterial isolates from horses in the UK

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Isgren ◽  
N.J. Williams ◽  
O.D. Fletcher ◽  
D. Timofte ◽  
J.R. Newton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
The Uk

Antimicrobial resistance in bacterial isolates from companion animals in Buenos Aires, Argentina: 2011–2017 retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Valeria Rumi ◽  
Ezequiel Nuske ◽  
Javier Mas ◽  
Andrea Argüello ◽  
Gabriel Gutkind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Bacterial Isolates

scholarly journals A case of neck abscess caused by rare hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae, capsular type K20 and sequence type 420

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Alexander McHardy ◽  
Vathshalan Selvaganeshapillai ◽  
Priya Khanna ◽  
Ashley Michael Whittington ◽  
Jane Turton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
East Asia ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Neck Abscess ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background This case report describes a neck abscess caused by a strain of Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae in a middle aged man with diabetes without a history of travel to East and South East Asia. This case report is of notable significance as Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae neck abscesses are rarely seen in the UK and are very infrequently documented in individuals who have not first travelled to the high prevalence areas of East and South East Asia. Case presentation This case report describes a 53 year old diabetic man who contracted a Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae neck abscess which led to the development of sepsis. Klebsiella pneumoniae was cultured from blood cultures and fluid aspirated from the abscess grew the pathogen with same antimicrobial susceptibility. Hypervirulence was demonstrated after the samples were analysed, at the Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Reference Unit Public Health England Colindale, and found to contain the K20 (rmp)A and rmpA2 virulence genes. Discussion Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative, encapsulated, non-motile bacillus notable for its ability to metastatically spread and cause potentially life threatening infections in otherwise healthy adults, but especially in those with diabetes. Genes responsible for the production of hyperviscous mucoid polysaccharide capsules and siderophores, such as those isolated in this case, enable the bacteria to more efficiently evade the hosts immune system and disseminate and invade surrounding and distant tissues. Data from Public Health England shows Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae are rare in the UK. A review of current literature also showed Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae almost exclusively occur in those who have traveled to East and South East Asia. Conclusions This case reported a rare Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae neck abscess outside of, and without travel to, East and South East Asia. This raises concerns about future, potentially life threatening, Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae infections becoming more widespread without the need for endemic travel. This concern is further exacerbated by the growing global challenge of antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Paradigm Shift in Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Bacterial Isolates during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 954
Author(s):  
Vikas Saini ◽  
Charu Jain ◽  
Narendra Pal Singh ◽  
Ahmad Alsulimani ◽  
Chhavi Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Hospital Infection Control ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an emerging public health problem in modern times and the current COVID-19 pandemic has further exaggerated this problem. Due to bacterial co-infection in COVID-19 cases, an irrational consumption of antibiotics has occurred during the pandemic. This study aimed to observe the COVID-19 patients hospitalized from 1 March 2019 to 31 December 2020 and to evaluate the AMR pattern of bacterial agents isolated. This was a single-center study comprising 494 bacterial isolates (blood and urine) that were obtained from patients with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to the ICU and investigated in the Department of Microbiology of a tertiary care hospital in Delhi, India. Out of the total bacterial isolates, 55.46% were gram negative and 44.53% were gram positive pathogens. Of the blood samples processed, the most common isolates were CoNS (Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus) and Staphylococcus aureus. Amongst the urinary isolates, most common pathogens were Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. A total of 60% MRSA was observed in urine and blood isolates. Up to 40% increase in AMR was observed amongst these isolates obtained during COVID-19 period compared to pre-COVID-19 times. The overuse of antibiotics gave abundant opportunity for the bacterial pathogens to gradually develop mechanisms and to acquire resistance. Since the dynamics of SARS-COV-2 are unpredictable, a compromise on hospital antibiotic policy may ultimately escalate the burden of drug resistant pathogens in hospitals. A shortage of trained staff during COVID-19 pandemic renders it impossible to maintain these records in places where the entire hospital staff is struggling to save lives. This study highlights the extensive rise in the use of antibiotics for respiratory illness due to COVID-19 compared to antibiotic use prior to COVID-19 in ICUs. The regular prescription audit followed by a constant surveillance of hospital infection control practices by the dedicated teams and training of clinicians can improve the quality of medications in the long run and help to fight the menace of AMR.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Stewardship Initiatives as Part of the UK 5-Year Antimicrobial Resistance Strategy

Antibiotics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Johnson ◽  
Diane Ashiru-Oredope ◽  
Elizabeth Beech
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Stewardship ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Multidrug Resistant and Extensively Drug Resistant Bacteria: A Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silpi Basak ◽  
Priyanka Singh ◽  
Monali Rajurkar
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant

Background and Objective. Antimicrobial resistance is now a major challenge to clinicians for treating patients. Hence, this short term study was undertaken to detect the incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pandrug-resistant (PDR) bacterial isolates in a tertiary care hospital.Material and Methods. The clinical samples were cultured and bacterial strains were identified in the department of microbiology. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of different bacterial isolates was studied to detect MDR, XDR, and PDR bacteria.Results. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of 1060 bacterial strains was studied. 393 (37.1%) bacterial strains were MDR, 146 (13.8%) strains were XDR, and no PDR was isolated. All (100%) Gram negative bacterial strains were sensitive to colistin whereas all (100%) Gram positive bacterial strains were sensitive to vancomycin.Conclusion. Close monitoring of MDR, XDR, or even PDR must be done by all clinical microbiology laboratories to implement effective measures to reduce the menace of antimicrobial resistance.

Assessment of Community Pharmacists Knowledge on dispensing of Antimicrobial drugs and Prevention of Antimicrobial Resistance in Community practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Nisar Ahmed ◽  
Mohanta GP ◽  
Bhagat MP
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Health Care Cost ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Practice ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Prevention Programmes

The antimicrobial resistance has more impact on the health care division which would increase the mortality and hospital readmission duration. Our objective is to assess the community pharmacist’s knowledge on dispensing of antimicrobial drugs and prevention of antimicrobial resistance in community practice. A cross-sectional study was conducted for six months. A sample size of 150 registered community pharmacists participated in the study. We have used simple random techniques to select the community pharmacists. Questionnaire were distributed to the community pharmacists at pre and post visits and the response was analyzed. The collected data was analyzed using graph pad prism software. The mean and standard deviation was calculated and P<0.005 was considered to be statistically significant. For 25-30 years of age , community pharmacists were more 68 (45.33%) as compared to other ages. Pre visit before and after average mean antimicrobial resistance score was found to be 4.87. Proper implementation of antimicrobial resistance prevention programmes would drastically increases the rational use of antimicrobials could and minimizes the health care cost.

scholarly journals Improving educator’s knowledge and confidence to teach infection prevention and antimicrobial resistance

2020 ◽  
pp. 001789692094959
Author(s):  
Catherine Hayes ◽  
Charlotte Eley ◽  
Carla Brown ◽  
Rowshonara Syeda ◽  
Neville Q Verlander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Service Evaluation ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Train The Trainer ◽  
The Uk

Objective: e-Bug is a teaching resource that addresses the UK 5-year National Action Plan on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) that pledges to work with educators and local authorities to ensure young people understand infection prevention and control (IPC) and AMR. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of the e-Bug face-to-face train-the-trainer intervention with school and community educators. Design: Service evaluation of an educational intervention via surveys. Setting: Workshops were organised by Public Health England (PHE) and collaborators in seven regions of the UK during 2018–2019. Method: Pre- and post-intervention surveys measured satisfaction with training, knowledge of IPC and AMR, and confidence to teach others. Statistical analyses included multilevel and ordinal logistic regression models to measure change in educator knowledge and confidence. Results: In all, 262 educators participated: primary (46%), secondary (17%), college (2%), healthcare (29%) and community (7%). Educators had high pre-intervention knowledge of topics, with significant improvement ( p < .05) in confidence to teach all topics and some significant IPC knowledge improvement, post-intervention. There was strong evidence for a difference in confidence change between educator types, with primary educators improving the most. Ninety-five percent of educators rated the train-the-trainer workshop positively, valued the interactive workshops and felt confident to use the resources. Conclusion: Confident and knowledgeable educators, achieved via e-Bug train-the-trainer workshops, will enhance education of IPC and AMR topics in schools and communities, and therefore support the UK 5-year AMR action plan. The intervention will be monitored with long-term follow-up surveys to explore how training has been disseminated and to evaluate long-term benefits.

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