26 Antimicrobial activity of host cells

2002 ◽  
pp. 477-505
Author(s):  
Jerrold Weiss ◽  
Frank DeLeo ◽  
William M. Nauseef
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Host Cells

A comparative study of antimicrobial activity of differently-synthesized chitosan nanoparticles against bovine mastitis pathogens

Soft Matter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Soledad Orellano ◽  
Luciana P. Bohl ◽  
María L. Breser ◽  
Paula Isaac ◽  
R. Darío Falcone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Reverse Micelles ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Survival Mechanisms ◽  
Mastitis Pathogens

We synthesized Ch-NPs using different types of reverse micelles as nanoreactors. The aim was to study their antimicrobial activity against bovine mastitis pathogens, focusing on the survival mechanisms of pathogens and the interaction between Ch-NPs and host cells.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antimicrobial, Antiviral and Cytotoxicity Activities of Aspergillus oryzae Isolated From El-Baida Marsh in Algeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-195
Author(s):  
Nacef Houda Sara ◽  
Belhattab Rachid ◽  
Galvez Julio ◽  
Rodriguez-Sojo María Jesus ◽  
Vezza Teresa
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Antimicrobial Property ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Cytotoxicity Activity

This work covers the study of antimicrobial and antiviral activities of the Aspergillus oryzae strain isolated from saline soil (El-Baida marsh in Algeria). The crude extract obtained with ethyl acetate displayed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and the yeast Candida albicans with a mean of 16.69 mm of inhibition zone and a minimal inhibitory concentrations MICs between 7.28 and 21.85 μgmL-1. We also assessed the antiviral activity against Herpes simplex-2 Virus (HSV-2), in which no inhibitory effect was exhibited. In addition, cytotoxicity activity was tested in Caco-2 and RAW 264, a human epithelial and a murine macrophage cell line, respectively, revealing a no-toxic effect of the extract. The studied isolate extract possesses an antimicrobial property and its non-toxicity to the host cells becomes very important, and can be exploited for the production of new pharmacological and biotechnological agents.        Keywords: Aspergillus oryzae, antimicrobial activity, antiviral activity, cytotoxicity, fungal extraction.

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF PLANT PARTS OF BUTEA MONOSPERMA

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4-A) ◽  
pp. 344-348
Author(s):  
KRUTIBEN MUKESHBHAI DAVE ◽  
Parth Pankaj Darji ◽  
Fenie Ritesh Gandhi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Chemical Test ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Butea Monosperma

ABSTRACT: Since ancient times, plants have been model source of medicines as they are a reservoir of chemical agents with therapeutic properties. The general population is increasingly using herbal medicines as dietary supplements to relieve and treat many different human disorders. All parts of the plant, from root to fruit, consisting of a multitude of secondary metabolites which impart an unprecedented variety of medicinal uses to the plant. Studies have shown the presence of different phytochemical constituents in botanical sample responsible for the antimicrobial activity. These antimicrobial agents should be beneficial to host cells and toxic to pathogenic microbes. Hence, the antibacterial activity was examined from the leaf and flower of Butea monosperma. Sample was collected and its crude extract was obtained by using methanol, acetone and water as the extraction solvent. These extract were tested against some pathogenic microorganisms like Staphylococcus aureus , Bacillus cereusa and B. subtilis. The extract of Butea monosperma showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus , Bacillus cereusa and B. subtilis. Bio-chemical test for the presence of phytochemicals have shown positive result and these phytochemicals have ability to fight against microorganisms or inhibit the growth of microorganisms. This approach will be an advanced step in the discovery of some herbal drugs. These plant extracts which was proven to be potentially effective can be used as a natural alternative to the chemical preservatives. It could be an ideal way to avoid health hazards that may occur due to chemical antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Ziziphus spina-christi and Tamarix aphylla Leaves᾽ Extracts as Effective Treatment for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Thrita ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Taghi Taghipour ◽  
Reihaneh Nameni ◽  
Mehrad Taghipour ◽  
Fereshteh Ghorat
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Herbal Remedy ◽  
Salient Feature ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Cell Surface Receptor ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Protein Inhibition

Background: The increased use of antibiotics has led to the frequent occurrence of resistant bacterial strains᾽ infections and increased side effects. It is inevitable that medicinal plants and their good antimicrobial activities for controlling and curing different infectious diseases is always a salient feature of various investigations. Also, understanding the plant species in the light of the Holy Quran, religious texts, and the sacred books could make a useful contribution to studying two significant plants used as ancient and reliable medicines. Objectives: The present research used two plants for medicinal products to evaluate their antimicrobial activity. Ziziphus spina-christi (sider) is a medicinal and traditional plant and ethanol and methanol extracts of its leaves have been used against some bacterial and viral infections. Another herbal remedy is Tamarix aphylla with the local name of Ghaz, as the largest known species of Tamarix. The stem smoke of Tamarix aphylla is used by people in the desert area as an antibiotic and antimicrobial agent. Methods: The leaves of Ziziphus spina-christi and Tamarix aphylla were collected to extract their flavonoids and alkaloids using methanol and ethanol, respectively. Moreover, in the process of extraction, powdered and dried leaves by using disc diffusion testing and undiluted neat solution were prepared. Results: The extracted phytochemicals exhibited antimicrobial activity of the two plants through alkaloids and flavonoids as secondary metabolites. Substantial influences on impairing the energy metabolism weakened microbial growth, resulting in the fat formation and protein inhibition. Conclusions: It was concluded that flavonoids and alkaloids from Ziziphus spina-christi and Tamarix aphylla leaves have antimicrobial potential. On the other hand, the process of cell division can be affected by alkaloids that are bound to DNA. Also, flavonoids bind to DNA and RNA, resulting in impairing energy metabolism causing the weakened growth of the microbe affecting protein inhibition and fat formation. Viral cell walls are made up of proteins. Coronavirus spike proteins and viral membrane fusions are wonderful molecules. Through binding to the host cell surface receptor, coronaviruses enter host cells and then fuse the host and viral membranes. Through precipitating the protein components, tannins in Ziziphus spina-christi behave as detoxifying agents by inhibiting their growth.

scholarly journals Delivery of antibacterial silver nanoclusters to Pseudomonas aeruginosa using species-specific DNA aptamers

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 640-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Soundy ◽  
Darren Day
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Silver Nanoclusters ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type

Introduction. The use of silver as an antimicrobial therapeutic is limited by its toxicity to host cells compared with that required to kill bacterial pathogens. Aim. To use aptamer targeting of DNA scaffolded silver nanoclusters as an antimicrobial agent for treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Methodology. Antimicrobial activity was assessed in planktonic cultures and in vivo using an invertebrate model of infection. Results. The aptamer conjugates that we call aptabiotics have potent antimicrobial activity. Targeted silver nanoclusters were more effective at killing P. aeruginosa than the equivalent quantity of untargeted silver nanoclusters. The aptabiotics have an IC50 of 1.3–2.6 µM against planktonically grown bacteria. Propidium iodide staining showed that they rapidly depolarize bacterial cells to kill approximately 50 % of the population within 10 min following treatment. In vivo testing in the Galleria mellonella model of infection prolonged survival from an otherwise lethal infection. Conclusion. Using P. aeruginosa as a model, we show that targeting of DNA-scaffolded silver nanoclusters with an aptamer has effective fast-acting antimicrobial activity in vitro and in an in vivo animal model.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Neutrophils Against Mycobacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather A. Parker ◽  
Lorna Forrester ◽  
Christopher D. Kaldor ◽  
Nina Dickerhof ◽  
Mark B. Hampton
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Mycobacterial Infection ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Bacterial Clearance ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Reactive Oxidants

The mycobacterium genus contains a broad range of species, including the human pathogens M. tuberculosis and M. leprae. These bacteria are best known for their residence inside host cells. Neutrophils are frequently observed at sites of mycobacterial infection, but their role in clearance is not well understood. In this review, we discuss how neutrophils attempt to control mycobacterial infections, either through the ingestion of bacteria into intracellular phagosomes, or the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Despite their powerful antimicrobial activity, including the production of reactive oxidants such as hypochlorous acid, neutrophils appear ineffective in killing pathogenic mycobacteria. We explore mycobacterial resistance mechanisms, and how thwarting neutrophil action exacerbates disease pathology. A better understanding of how mycobacteria protect themselves from neutrophils will aid the development of novel strategies that facilitate bacterial clearance and limit host tissue damage.

Minireview: Lactoferrin, a versatile natural antimicrobial glycoprotein which modulates host innate immunity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Dierick ◽  
Daisy Vanrompay ◽  
Bert Devriendt ◽  
Eric Cox
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Bacterial Virulence ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Natural Antimicrobial ◽  
Multifunctional Protein ◽  
Chelating Ability ◽  
Host Innate Immunity

Lactoferrin is a multifunctional protein found in the secretions of mammals. The antimicrobial activity of lactoferrin was the first to be discovered and was assumed to be solely dependent on its iron-chelating ability. However, lactoferrin has been reported to display proteolytic activity towards bacterial virulence factors and to modulate the host defence by stimulating the immune system and balancing pathogen-induced inflammation. Here, we review the current understandings of the antimicrobial effect, interaction with host cells and innate immune modulation of lactoferrin and put forward this moonlighting protein as a possible alternative for antibiotics.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity and Probiotic Potential of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus against Species of Clostridium

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinara Monteiro ◽  
Monique do Carmo ◽  
Bruna Melo ◽  
Matheus Alves ◽  
Camilla dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Clostridium Species ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Probiotic Potential ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

Many Clostridium species are found as commensal members of the intestinal microbiota. However, imbalances of the microbiota may lead to certain infections caused by these microorganisms, mainly Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium difficile, and Clostridium perfringens. In many cases, infection recurrence can occur after antibiotics, indicating the need for novel therapeutic options that act on the pathogens and also restore the microbiota. Herein, the in vitro antimicrobial activity and probiotic potential of clinical and reference strains of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were investigated against Clostridium species. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the agar spot test and inhibition of gas production. Then, the probiotic potential of selected strains was assessed by analyzing their coaggregation ability, adhesive properties to host cells and mucin, tolerance to acidic pH and bile salts, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 was the most promising strain based on its inhibitory activity against Clostridium spp. Also, this strain met criteria to be considered a probiotic based on its coaggregation ability, adhesive properties, and tolerance to harsh pH and bile acid salt conditions. The results indicate that among the studied strains, L. plantarum ATCC 8014 presents probiotic potential for controlling infections induced by the studied Clostridium species and should be further evaluated in in vivo animal models.

Artificial β-defensin based on a minimal defensin template

2009 ◽  
Vol 421 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolinka Antcheva ◽  
Francesca Morgera ◽  
Luisa Creatti ◽  
Lisa Vaccari ◽  
Ulrike Pag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Disulfide Bridges ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Immature Dendritic Cells ◽  
Covalent Dimerization ◽  
Activity Comparison ◽  
Β Sheet

We have designed and chemically synthesized an artificial β-defensin based on a minimal template derived from the comparative analysis of over 80 naturally occurring sequences. This molecule has the disulfide-bridged β-sheet core structure of natural β-defensins and shows a robust salt-sensitive antimicrobial activity against bacteria and yeast, as well as a chemotactic activity against immature dendritic cells. An SAR (structure–activity relationship) study using two truncated fragments or a Cys→Ser point-mutated analogue, from which one or two of the three disulfide bridges were absent, indicated that altering the structure resulted in a different type of membrane interaction and a switch to different modes of action towards both microbial and host cells, and that covalent dimerization could favour antimicrobial activity. Comparison of the structural, aggregational and biological activities of the artificial defensin with those of three human β-defensins and their primate orthologues provided useful information on how their mode of action may relate to specific structural features.

Antimicrobial Peptides from Musca Domestica Expressed in Escherichia coli

2012 ◽  
Vol 535-537 ◽  
pp. 2404-2408
Author(s):  
Bin Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Level

Cecropins are cationic molecules with a wide range of antimicrobial activities. The native peptide cecropins from Musca domestica (Md-Cec) have antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In the present study, cDNA fragments encoding both the Md-Cec-L (62aa) and Md-Cec-S (40 aa) peptides of Md-Cec were respectively expressed using the pMAL-c4x expression vector. High level expression of Md-Cec-L was achieved in Escherichia coli, while expression of Md-Cec-S failed to reach a decent level due to its high level of toxicity to the host cells. Md-Cec-L was expressed as a soluble form using a maltose binding protein (MBP) system, whose product is a MBP-tagged fusion protein, and separated with the carrier amyrose resin. Heterologous expression in E. coli and antimicrobial activity assays showed that both the recombinant fusion protein Md-Cec-L and Md-Cec-S have exhibited antimicrobial activity in vivo; and Md-Cec-L also exhibited antimicrobial activity in vitro. Md-Cec has the potential to be developed as a novel type of antimicrobial drug or food preservative.

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