scholarly journals The role of biotin metabolism in the COVID-19 infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Duygu Aydemir ◽  
Nuriye Nuray Ulusu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
Biotin Deficiency ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health

AbstractCOVID-19 pandemic has become the major health problem in 2020 worldwide and no treatment or cure has been developed until now, however medical doctors use approved anti-viral drugs alone or in combination to treat patients infected by COVID-19. Thus, the outcome and the information of the applied treatments are changing daily basis. One of the changes in the COVID-19 patients has been depilation of the eyebrow and eyelashes. Biotin is a vital cofactor for biotin-dependent enzymes for fatty acids, amino acids, and glucose metabolism. It is known that, biotin deficiency may cause loss of hair, eyebrows and eyelashes. However, either COVID-19 infection or treatment against to cure this infection cause impairment in the biotin metabolism that should be further investigated to better understand possible mechanisms behind the COVID-19 infection and outcomes of the treatment approach to treat it.

scholarly journals Evidence of the Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Brain Glucose Metabolism

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1382
Author(s):  
Fabien Pifferi ◽  
Stephen C. Cunnane ◽  
Philippe Guesnet
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Brain Glucose ◽  
Brain Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Brain

In mammals, brain function, particularly neuronal activity, has high energy needs. When glucose is supplemented by alternative oxidative substrates under different physiological conditions, these fuels do not fully replace the functions fulfilled by glucose. Thus, it is of major importance that the brain is almost continuously supplied with glucose from the circulation. Numerous studies describe the decrease in brain glucose metabolism during healthy or pathological ageing, but little is known about the mechanisms that cause such impairment. Although it appears difficult to determine the exact role of brain glucose hypometabolism during healthy ageing or during age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, uninterrupted glucose supply to the brain is still of major importance for proper brain function. Interestingly, a body of evidence suggests that dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) might play significant roles in brain glucose regulation. Thus, the goal of the present review is to summarize this evidence and address the role of n-3 PUFAs in brain energy metabolism. Taken together, these data suggest that ensuring an adequate dietary supply of n-3 PUFAs could constitute an essential aspect of a promising strategy to promote optimal brain function during both healthy and pathological ageing.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Xiao ◽  
Qin Liu ◽  
Mei Luo ◽  
Lishou Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Functional Bowel Disorder ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Bowel Disorder

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional bowel disorder worldwide and is associated with visceral hypersensitivity, gut motility, immunomodulation, gut microbiota alterations, and dysfunction of the brain-gut axis; however, its pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Gut microbiota and its metabolites are proposed as possible etiological factors of IBS. The aim of our study was to investigate specific types of microbiota-derived metabolites, especially bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, vitamins, amino acids, serotonin and hypoxanthine, which are all implicated in the pathogenesis of IBS. Metabolites-focused research has identified multiple microbial targets relevant to IBS patients, important roles of microbiota-derived metabolites in the development of IBS symptoms have been established. Thus, we provide an overview of gut microbiota and their metabolites on the different subtypes of IBS (constipation-predominant IBS-C, diarrhea-predominant IBS-D) and present controversial views regarding the role of microbiota in IBS.

scholarly journals Precision Preventive Medicine of Relapse in Smoking Cessation: Can MRI Inform the Search of Intermediate Phenotypes?

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Yolaine Rabat ◽  
Sandra Chanraud ◽  
Majd Abdallah ◽  
Igor Sibon ◽  
Sylvie Berthoz
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Smoking Cessation Treatment ◽  
Intermediate Phenotypes ◽  
Prevention Therapy ◽  
Cessation Treatment ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Chronic tobacco smoking remains a major health problem worldwide. Numerous smokers wish to quit but most fail, even if they are helped. The possibility of identifying neuro-biomarkers in smokers at high risk of relapse could be of incredible progress toward personalized prevention therapy. Our aim is to provide a scoping review of this research topic in the field of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and to review the studies that investigated if MRI defined markers predicted smoking cessation treatment outcome (abstainers versus relapsers). Based on the available literature, a meta-analysis could not be conducted. We thus provide an overview of the results obtained and take stock of methodological issues that will need to be addressed to pave the way toward precision medicine. Based on the most consistent findings, we discuss the pivotal role of the insula in light of the most recent neurocognitive models of addiction.

scholarly journals The Role of Circulating Amino Acids in the Hypothalamic Regulation of Liver Glucose Metabolism

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 790S-797S ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Arrieta-Cruz ◽  
Roger Gutiérrez-Juárez
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Hypothalamic Regulation

scholarly journals A Review of Nutritional Factors in Hypertension Management

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ha Nguyen ◽  
Olaide A. Odelola ◽  
Janani Rangaswami ◽  
Aman Amanullah
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Dietary Modification ◽  
Hypertension Management ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Nutritional Factors

Hypertension is a major health problem worldwide. Its attendant morbidity and mortality complications have a great impact on patient’s quality of life and survival. Optimizing blood pressure control has been shown to improve overall health outcomes. In addition to pharmacological therapies, nonpharmacological approach such as dietary modification plays an important role in controlling blood pressure. Many dietary components such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium have been studied substantially in the past decades. While some of these nutrients have clear evidence for their recommendation, some remain controversial and are still of ongoing study. Dietary modification is often discussed with patients and can provide a great benefit in blood pressure regulation. As such, reviewing the current evidence will be very useful in guiding patients and their physician and/or dietician in decision making. In this review article of nutritional factors in hypertension management, we aim to examine the role of nutritional factors individually and as components of whole dietary patterns.

scholarly journals Endothelial Dysfunction and Neutrophil Degranulation as Central Events in Sepsis Physiopathology

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6272
Author(s):  
Marta Martín-Fernández ◽  
Álvaro Tamayo-Velasco ◽  
Rocío Aller ◽  
Hugo Gonzalo-Benito ◽  
Pedro Martínez-Paz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Neutrophil Degranulation ◽  
New Biomarkers

Sepsis is a major health problem worldwide. It is a time-dependent disease, with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. In this sense, an early diagnosis is essential to reduce these rates. The progressive increase of both the incidence and prevalence of sepsis has translated into a significant socioeconomic burden for health systems. Currently, it is the leading cause of noncoronary mortality worldwide and represents one of the most prevalent pathologies both in hospital emergency services and in intensive care units. In this article, we review the role of both endothelial dysfunction and neutrophil dysregulation in the physiopathology of this disease. The lack of a key symptom in sepsis makes it difficult to obtain a quick and accurate diagnosis of this condition. Thus, it is essential to have fast and reliable diagnostic tools. In this sense, the use of biomarkers can be a very important alternative when it comes to achieving these goals. Both new biomarkers and treatments related to endothelial dysfunction and neutrophil dysregulation deserve to be further investigated in order to open new venues for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of sepsis.

scholarly journals Regulation of Exosomes in the Pathogenesis of Breast Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congjian Shi ◽  
Hongqin Yang ◽  
Zhengchao Wang ◽  
Zhenghong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lipid Bilayers ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
Therapeutic Tools ◽  
Common Malignancy

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of endogenous nanoscale vesicles that are secreted by various cell types. Based on their biogenesis and size distribution, EVs can be broadly classified as exosomes and microvesicles. Exosomes are enveloped by lipid bilayers with a size of 30–150 nm in diameter, which contain diverse biomolecules, including lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Exosomes transport their bioactive cargoes from original cells to recipient cells, thus play crucial roles in mediating intercellular communication. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women and remains a major health problem worldwide, diagnostic strategies and therapies aimed at breast cancer are still limited. Growing evidence shows that exosomes are involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer, including tumorigenesis, invasion and metastasis. Here, we provide a straightforward overview of exosomes and highlight the role of exosomes in the pathogenesis of breast cancer, moreover, we discuss the potential application of exosomes as biomarkers and therapeutic tools in breast cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.

scholarly journals Exploring the Possible Role of Nature in Curing Leishmaniasis

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Ravinder Sharma ◽  
Vikas Gupta ◽  
Viney Chawla ◽  
Pooja Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Leishmania Braziliensis ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Number Of Plant Species

Background: Communicable diseases have always been a threat to mankind since times immemorial. Leishmaniasis, an infectious disease caused by protozoan of various species of leishmania, is a major health problem spreading across 98 countries and about 350 million people stand the risk of this infection worldwide. Medical research has struggled a lot to combat this disease. Objective: Among the various approaches available for treatment of Leishmaniasis, many are costly so there is a need to develop effective but economical and easily available antileishmanial agents. Methods: Natural products are important source of various new medicaments and their derivatives can be used for synthetic modification and bioactivity optimization. Therefore, in order to fulfil the need for novel, economical, more effective and safer chemotherapeutic agents, scientists have explored Mother Nature in detail. Results: A number of plant species possess inhibitory activity against certain types of parasites such as Leishmania major, Leishmania amazonensis, Leishmania aethiopica, Leishmania braziliensis, Leishmania mexicana, Leishmania infantum, Leishmania chagasi and Leishmania donovani. Moreover natural products are economical, safer, more effective and without considerable side effects. Conclusion: The present review highlights the leishmanicidal activity of various natural products with an insight in to their possible mechanism.

scholarly journals Infeksi Chlamydia Trachomatis pada Penderita Karsinoma Serviks Terinfeksi Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) tipe 16 di RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Indri Ramayanti
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cervical Carcinoma ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Radical Mechanism ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Papilloma Virus

Cervical carcinoma is one of the most common malignant neoplasm amongwomenin developing countries and remains as a major health problem world wide. In Indonesia,the incident of cervical carcinoma are around 180.000 new cases per year or 90-100 nevvcancers among 100.000 communities. Several studies have reported the role of HPV as anSTD agent (Sexually Trasmitted Disease). Cofactor in the HPV infection accelerate up thedevelopment of infection into cancer One of the STD cofactor is co infection with C.trachomatis. Infection ofC. trachomatis is perceived as cofoctor that synergatedwith HPVthroughfree radical mechanism and immune system.The objective of the study is to know the presence of C. trachomatis infection hadpotencyfor being cofactor HPV I 6 in cervical carcinoma patients.Twentylhree sample of cervical smeati cervical carcinoma biopsies and freshtissue obtained from surgerydep, from DR. Sardjito Hospital, Yogtalurta. The DNAisolated of samples were amplified by PCR using primer (E6for-vvard and reversed) fromORF E6 HPV I 6. Sample with positive DNA HPV I 6 was then ampli/ied C. trachomatis genus i ng p ri m er (C C 3 / C C Q from th e s e q uen c e of cry ptic C hl amy dia p I asmid.The research showed thatfrom 23 cases of cervical carcinomawere obtained HPVpositive type 16 with 16 cases (69,5%o). From 16 cases of HPV type 16 positive cervicalcarcinoma, 15 cases were examined to know the presence of C. trachomatis and wereobtained 8 cases (53,j%o) as C. trachomatis positive.

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