Emotional hyper-reactivity in normothymic bipolar patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 232-232
Author(s):  
K. M’bailara ◽  
C. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Mood Induction ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Valence And Arousal ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Subsyndromal Symptoms ◽  
Normal Controls

EUthymic states in bipolar disorders are generally considered to be devoid of severe symptoms. However, bipolar patients present subsyndromal symptoms for half of their life, and often have comorbid psychiatric disorders. If we go beyond the concept of temperamental features, can we identify certain emotional characteristics distinguishing normothymic bipolar patients from normal controls? The aim of this study was to assess the emotional reactivity of normothymic bipolar patients, comparing such patients with a normal control group during an experimental mood induction procedure.We evaluated the subjective emotional reactivity of 145 subjects (90 control subjects and 55 normothymic bipolar patients), using an emotional induction method based on the viewing of a set of slides (6 positive, 6 negative, 6 neutral) extracted from International Affective Picture System. Subjective valence and arousal were recorded with the Self Assessment Manikin.We also recorded startle reflexes.Normothymic bipolar patients and normal controls assessed valence and arousal similarly for positive and negative images. However, neutral images were considered more pleasant, and induced a higher level of arousal, in normothymic bipolar patients than in control subjects. Neutral pictures also triggered a stronger startle reflex in normothymic bipolar patients compared to controls.Normothymic bipolar patients displayed emotional hyper-reactivity, mostly evidenced in neutral situations. This feature may be linked to emotional dysregulation and is a potential endophenotype and or a risk factor for bipolar disorders. This trait may be responsible for vulnerability to minor stressful events in everyday life. These findings have potential implications for the daily management.

scholarly journals Nrf2 Dysregulation in Major Depressive and Bipolar Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. e2074
Author(s):  
Maryam Ghanbarirad ◽  
Mehrdad Hashemi ◽  
Seyed Mehdi Saberi ◽  
Ahmad Majd
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Nrf2 Expression

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BPD) are two of the most important mental disorders that greatly impact different aspects of life. These conditions imply heavy health and economic burden and are heterogeneous in nature. Inflammation is reported as the etiology of mental disorders. Nrf2 transcription factor plays a key role in the defense mechanisms against inflammation and oxidative stress. So, this study aimed to evaluate the expression level of Nrf2 in MDD and BPD patients and compared it with healthy control subjects. Materials and Methods: In this study, real-time PCR was conducted to evaluate the expression level of Nrf2 in 100 MDD and 100 BPD patients compared to 100 healthy control subjects. Statistical analysis conducted on GraphPad Prism 8 and SPSS21 included ANOVA, Tukey’s test, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and odds ratio. Results: Results suggest a significant downregulation of Nrf2 in these conditions compared to the control group. ROC curve analysis demonstrates Nrf2 as a biomarker of these psychiatric disorders. Conclusion: The elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and downregulation of detoxifying enzymes were observed in MDD and BPD, which can be associated with the downregulation of Nrf2. Concerning its role in inflammatory response pathways, alternation of Nrf2 expression can be associated with the pathology of these conditions.

Differences in plasma concentration of acylethanolanydes and acylglycerols in paired samples of bipolar patients and first- and second-degree relatives

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S340-S340
Author(s):  
P. Romero-Sanchiz ◽  
J. Guzman-Parra ◽  
F. Mayoral-Cleríes ◽  
F. Rivas-Guerrero ◽  
P. Araos-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Second Degree

IntroductionEndocannabinoid System (ECS) has been highlighted as one of the most relevant research topics by neurobiologists, pharmacists, basic scientists and clinicians (Skaper and Di Marzo, 2012). Recent work has associated major depressive disorder with the ECS (Ashton and Moore, 2011). Despite the close relationship between depression and bipolar disorders, as far as we know, there is no characterization of ECS and congeners in a sample of patients with bipolar disorders.Aims and objectivesThe objective of this work is to characterize the plasma levels of endocannabinoids and congeners in a sample of patients with bipolar disorders.MethodThe clinical group was composed by 19 patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorders using SCID-IV (First et al., 1999). The control group was formed by 18 relatives of first- or second-degree of the patients.The following endocannabinoids and congeners were quantified: N-palmitoleoylethanolamide (POEA), N-palmitolylethanolamide (PEA), N-oleoylethanolamide (OEA), N-stearoylethanolamide (SEA), N-arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA), N-dihomo-γ-linolenoylethanolamide (DGLEA), N-docosatetraenoylethanolamide (DEA), N-linoleoylethanolamide (LEA), N-docosahexaenoylethanolamide (DHEA), 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), 2-linoleoylglycerol (2-LG), and 2-oleoylglycerol (2-OG).ResultsThe result showed statistically significant lower levels of AEA, DEA and DHEA in clinical sample. Previous research also identified lower levels of AEA in depressed women (Hill et al., 2008, 2009). Until date, it is unknown if DEA and DHEA have some effect on EC receptors, and whether they have some direct effects on endocannabinoids.ConclusionsIt would be necessary to carry our other research with a larger sample, which could allow the control of potential confounding variables.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals A study to assess the magnitude of various minor physical anomalies in bipolar disorders and to compare them between bipolar disorder patients and their first degree relatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1826
Author(s):  
Abhinav Pandey ◽  
Haseeb Khan ◽  
Dinesh M. S. Rathore
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Background: Bipolar disorder appears to be related to anatomic abnormalities in medial temporal lobe, in particular amygdale, prefrontal cortex and cerebellum. Two recent MRI findings have supported a neuro developmental etiology of bipolar disorders.Methods: It was a cross-sectional comparative hospital based study. The subjects were recruited for the study by the purposive sampling technique. The study was conducted at the Institute of Mental Health and Hospital Mathura Road Agra. The study sample consisted of 20 bipolar disorder patients diagnosed as per ICD-10 DCR (WHO, 1992) criteria, 20 first degree relatives, one for each patient. Total sample size is 40.Results: It was observed that in bipolar patients’ maximum anomalies were seen in Mouth (0.35±0.48) head (0.30±0.57) followed by anomalies of eyes (0.25±0.55) hand (0.20±0.41) and ear (0.05±0.22). It was observed that in Bipolar FDRs maximum anomalies were seen in mouth (0.20±0.04) ear (0.15±0.45) head (0.1±0.3) and then anomalies of eye and hand in equal propensity (0.05±0.22) and least anomalies in feet (0.00±0.00).Conclusions: The rate of MPAs in bipolar patients was more than their FDRs but not statically significant. Both sibling groups had fewer MPAs than the patients. When viewed within a vulnerability-stress model, the results are consistent with the theory that MPAs may reflect early, largely extra-genetic, stressful events.

scholarly journals Lower Bispectral index values in psychiatric patients: A prospective, observational study

2014 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 121-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkatapura Ramesh ◽  
Muthu Radhakrishnan ◽  
Rohini Thimmaiah ◽  
Kesavan Muralidharan ◽  
Jagadisha Thirthalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bispectral Index ◽  
Spinal Surgery ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Normal Controls

Abstract Background: Bispectral index score (BIS) is a processed electroencephalographic parameter used to measure level of sedation in anaesthetised patients. In few studies of psychiatric patients undergoing electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), it was observed that the BIS values were lower at baseline. It is not clear from those studies whether the BIS values are really low. Also, it is not clear whether the lower values are related to the primary psychiatric illness or the due to the effect of ECT. Therefore, we studied the BIS values in psychiatric illnesses and compared them with the normal controls. Materials and Methods: BIS index was recorded in 237 patients with various psychiatric illness (Group P) and 40 control patients without any psychiatric illness undergoing spinal surgery (Group C). BIS values were recorded in supine position before breakfast and before the morning doses of antipsychotic/benzodiazepine medications. It was recorded during resting state in all the subjects. Results: BIS values were lower in group P compared to control group (a mean of 89.8 ± 7.8 vs 95.7 ± 2.4, P < 0.0001). In the group P, the patients with psychosis and bipolar disorder had significantly lower BIS values than the patients with depression ( P= 0.04). Conclusions: BIS values in psychiatric patients are lower than those in the control group. Psychotic and bipolar disorders are associated with significantly lower BIS values than the depression.

scholarly journals Increased Prevalence of Minor Physical Anomalies Among the Healthy First-Degree Relatives of Bipolar I Patients – Results With the Méhes Scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tímea Csulak ◽  
Györgyi Csábi ◽  
Róbert Herold ◽  
Viktor Vörös ◽  
Sára Jeges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bipolar I Disorder ◽  
Somatic Markers ◽  
High Arched Palate ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Minor Physical Anomalies ◽  
Normal Controls

Minor physical anomalies are somatic markers of aberrant neurodevelopment, so the higher prevalence of these signs among the relatives of bipolar I patients can confirm minor physical anomalies as endophenotypes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of minor physical anomalies in first-degree healthy relatives of patients with bipolar I disorder compared to normal control subjects. Using a list of 57 minor physical anomalies (the Méhes Scale), 20 first-degree unaffected relatives of patients with the diagnosis of bipolar I disorder and as a comparison 20 matched normal control subjects were examined. Minor physical anomalies were more common in the ear, head, mouth and trunk regions among the relatives of bipolar I patients compared to normal controls. By the differentiation of minor malformations and phenogenetic variants, we have found that both minor malformations and phenogenetic variants were more common among the relatives of bipolar I patients compared to the control group, while individual analyses showed, that one minor malformation (sole crease) and one phenogenetic variant (high arched palate) were more prevalent in the relative group. This is the first report in literature on the increased prevalence of minor physical anomalies among the first-degree unaffected relatives of bipolar I patients. The study support the concept, that minor physical anomalies can be endophenotypic markers of bipolar I affective disorder.

scholarly journals Enhanced response inhibition and reduced midfrontal theta activity in experienced Vipassana meditators

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine I. Andreu ◽  
Ismael Palacios ◽  
Cristóbal Moënne-Loccoz ◽  
Vladimir López ◽  
Ingmar H. A. Franken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Theta Activity ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Emotional Context ◽  
Emotional Pictures ◽  
Valence And Arousal ◽  
Outstanding Question

Abstract Response inhibition - the ability to suppress inappropriate thoughts and actions - is a fundamental aspect of cognitive control. Recent research suggests that mental training by meditation may improve cognitive control. Yet, it is still unclear if and how, at the neural level, long-term meditation practice may affect (emotional) response inhibition. The present study aimed to address this outstanding question, and used an emotional Go/Nogo task and electroencephalography (EEG) to examine possible differences in behavioral and electrophysiological indices of response inhibition between Vipassana meditators and an experience-matched active control group (athletes). Behaviorally, meditators made significantly less errors than controls on the emotional Go/Nogo task, independent of the emotional context, while being equally fast. This improvement in response inhibition at the behavioral level was accompanied by a decrease in midfrontal theta activity in Nogo vs. Go trials in the meditators compared to controls. Yet, no changes in ERP indices of response inhibition, as indexed by the amplitude of the N2 and P3 components, were observed. Finally, the meditators subjectively evaluated the emotional pictures lower in valence and arousal. Collectively, these results suggest that meditation may improve response inhibition and control over emotional reactivity.

The self and schizophrenia: a cognitive approach

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Nieznanski
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Self Schema ◽  
Persons With Schizophrenia ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Trait Words ◽  
Patients Experience ◽  
Normal Controls

The aim of the study was to explore the basic features of self-schema in persons with schizophrenia. Thirty two schizophrenic patients and 32 normal controls were asked to select personality trait words from a check-list that described themselves, themselves as they were five years ago, and what most people are like. Compared with the control group, participants from the experimental group chose significantly more adjectives that were common to descriptions of self and others, and significantly less that were common to self and past-self descriptions. These results suggest that schizophrenic patients experience their personality as changing over time much more than do healthy subjects. Moreover, their self-representation seems to be less differentiated from others-representation and less clearly defined than in normal subjects.

The clinical relevance of isolated lupus anticoagulant positivity in patients with thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-mei Yin ◽  
Philip de Groot ◽  
Marisa Ninivaggi ◽  
Katrien M.J. Devreese ◽  
Bas de Laat
Keyword(s):  
Antiphospholipid Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibodies ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Lupus Anticoagulant ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Domain I ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Better Than

Background: Patients positive for three types of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) (triple positivity) have been identified at a high risk for thrombotic events. However, the clinical significance of isolated lupus anticoagulant (LAC) positivity is debated. Objectives: To investigate the clinical relevance of isolated LAC. Patients/Methods 456 patients were enrolled in this study; 66 antiphospholipid syndrome patients and 390 control patients. The control group existed of autoimmune patients (n=91), patients with thrombosis but without aPLs (n=127) and normal controls (n=172). The criteria LAC, anti-cardiolipin (anti-CL) and anti-beta2glycoprotein I (anti-β2GPI) IgG and IgM and the non-criteria IgA anti-CL and anti-β2GPI, anti-domain I (anti-DI) of β2GPI IgG and anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin (anti-PS/PT) IgG and IgM were detected according to the ISTH guidelines for solid phase assays. Results: 70 patients were positive for LAC, of which 44 were negative for both anti-β2GPI and anti-CL. We found that isolated LAC proved to be strongly associated with vascular thrombosis (Odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) 7.3 (3.3-16.1)), even better than triple positive samples (OR 4.3 (1.6-12.2)). The titers of the anti-PS/PT IgG and IgM were significantly higher in triple positivity samples compared to samples with isolated LAC positivity. The majority of single LAC positives were anti-PS/PT negative. We observed that LAC positivity was weaker in isolated LAC positive patients compared to LAC activity in triple positive patients. Conclusions: Isolated LAC was highly associated with thrombosis. The presence of anti-PS/PT could not explain LAC positivity in isolated LAC. Isolated LAC showed a weaker LAC activity compared to triple positive patients.

scholarly journals Psychological Traits and Behavioural Influences in Patients with Dystonia—An Observational Cohort Study in a Romanian Neurology Department

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 612
Author(s):  
Eugenia Irene Davidescu ◽  
Irina Odajiu ◽  
Delia Tulbă ◽  
Iulia Mitrea ◽  
Camelia Cucu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Observational Cohort Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Idiopathic Dystonia

(1) Background: Emerging evidence indicates that non-motor symptoms significantly influence the quality of life in dystonic patients. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate their psychological characteristics and personality traits. (2) Methods: Subjects with idiopathic dystonia and a matched control group were enrolled in this prospective observational cohort study. Inclusion criteria for patient group included idiopathic dystonia diagnosis, evolution exceeding 1 year, and signed informed consent. Inclusion criteria for the control group included lack of neurological comorbidities and signed informed consent. All subjects completed the DECAS Personality Inventory along with an additional form of demographic factors. Data (including descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate analysis) were analyzed with SPSS. (3) Results: In total, 95 participants were included, of which 57 were in the patient group. Females prevailed (80%), and the mean age was 54.64 ± 12.8 years. The most frequent clinical features of dystonia were focal distribution (71.9%) and progressive disease course (94.73%). The patients underwent regular treatment with botulinum toxin (85.95%). In addition, patients with dystonia obtained significantly higher openness scores than controls, even after adjusting for possible confounders (p = 0.006). Personality traits were also different between the two groups, with patients more often being fantasists (p = 0.007), experimenters (p = 0.022), sophists (p = 0.040), seldom acceptors (p = 0.022), and pragmatics (p = 0.022) than control subjects. (4) Conclusion: Dystonic patients tend to have different personality profiles compared to control subjects, which should be taken into consideration by the treating neurologist.

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