Bowley's Law, Technischer Fortschritt und Einkommensverteilung. Eine methodologische, empirische und theoretische Untersuchung der langfristigen funktionalen Einkommensverteilung (Bowley's Law, Technological Progress and Income Distribution. A methodological, empirical and theoretical study of long-term functional distribution of income); Hochsulschriften, Bd. 22; Hagen Kraemer; Metropolis-Verlag, Marburg, 1996, 359 pages, ISBN#0-0202-30504-X, US$55.95 (hardback)/US$27.95 (paperback)

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-278
Author(s):  
R Eisen
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Functional Distribution ◽  
Distribution Of Income ◽  
Technischer Fortschritt

Labor shares and inequality: insights from Italian economic history, 1895–19701

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Gabbuti
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Italian History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Functional Distribution ◽  
Distribution Of Income

Abstract This article develops theoretical and practical motivations for studying the functional distribution of income in the past. Italy is adopted as a case study, because of the availability of long-run estimates on personal inequality and of the long-lasting incidence of self-employment. New labor shares for 1895–1970 show Italian workers accruing a low share of income until 1945; by the end of the 1950s, they rapidly converged to the European average. Italian history shows that functional income distribution deepens our understanding of long- and short-run distributional trends and makes a compelling case for approaching inequality by combining diverse sources and methodologies.

Economic Growth, Income Distribution, and Social Exclusion in Turkey

2021 ◽  
pp. 268-299
Author(s):  
Anıl Duman ◽  
Alper Duman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Cycles ◽  
Institutional Convergence ◽  
Distribution Of Income

This chapter examines the degree of income and institutional convergence between Turkey and European Union (EU) as well as trends in inequality and poverty by taking a long-term perspective as changes in polices an institutions impact on economic and social outcomes, often with considerable lags. The authors’ findings reveal that Turkey has successfully transformed its inward-looking and largely agricultural economy in the past 35 years into an export-oriented and urban-based economy. The transformation has been achieved mostly in periods of dramatic reform embedded in business and political cycles. Nevertheless, in the most recent era, there have been significant setbacks for certain groups in terms of regulatory environment, equality of opportunity, and access to markets and resources. Although there has been progress in the overall distribution of income and other aspects of social inclusion, convergence to EU standards is not easy to observe in these indicators.

scholarly journals Reflections on neo-Kaleckian growth regimes: a Marxian reproduction perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Zhao ◽  
Jiahe Tian ◽  
Yuchen Duan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Kaleckian Model

PurposeThe neo-Kaleckian model follows the ideas of Marx, Keynes and Kalecki, that investment is a key influencing factor in the dynamics of the capitalist mode of production. Through the discussion of different forms of investment decision function, this paper constructs the analysis framework of wage-led and profit-led economic growth regimes.Design/methodology/approachThe model has become an important theoretical paradigm for current Western heterodox economists regarding the research on the impact of functional income distribution on economic growth, and it has a very large impact on both theoretical and empirical research. Starting from Marx's reproduction theory, this article discusses the theoretical shortcomings of the neo-Kaleckian growth regime model.FindingsThis paper mainly focuses on three aspects: (1) the ideological legacy of “Smith's Dogma”; (2) neglecting the restrictions on income distribution from the organic composition of capital and the surplus value rate; (3) technological progress and the formation of a new long economic wave.Originality/valueThe authors believe that the neo-Kaleckian model unilaterally emphasizes the demand-side factors in the economy and, unconsciously or not, ignores the role of the supply-side, which makes it encounter certain limitations in explaining long-term growth. Even if some empirical conclusions are employed to bridge functional income distribution and technological progress, there is still a lack of a theoretical basis for accurately describing long-term economic changes using this model. In order to better promote high-quality economic development and accelerate the formation of a new pattern of economic development in which the domestic large-scale cycle is the mainstay and the domestic and international double cycles promote each other, the authors need to adopt a policy combination with the supply-side as the main and the demand-side as the supplement, and to work from both sides.

scholarly journals Between communism and capitalism: long-term inequality in Poland, 1892–2015

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Bukowski ◽  
Filip Novokmet
Keyword(s):  
Household Survey ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Capital Income ◽  
Sharp Rise ◽  
Long Run ◽  
History Of ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Distribution Of Income

AbstractWe construct the first consistent series on the long-term distribution of income in Poland by combining tax, household survey and national accounts data. We document a U-shaped evolution of inequalities from the end of the nineteenth century until today: (1) inequality was high before WWII; (2) abruptly fell after the introduction of communism in 1947 and stagnated at low levels during the whole communist period; (3) experienced a sharp rise with the return to capitalism in 1989. We find that official survey-based measures strongly under-estimate the rise in inequality since 1989. Our results highlight the prominent role of capital income in driving the U-shaped evolution of top income shares. The unique inequality history of Poland speaks to the central role of institutions and policies in shaping inequality in the long run.

Income distribution and macroeconomics in Colombia

2007 ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Javier A. Birchenall
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
Aggregate Shocks ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
Inflation Rates ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Education Groups ◽  
Distribution Of Income

This paper studies the relation between macroeconomic variables and the distribution of income in Colombia. We relate the dynamics of aggregate economic variables with the cross-section of disaggregate income to determine the transmission and propagation mechanisms of aggregate shocks. The most important finding is a strong negative effect of inflation rates on the distribution of income by education groups and productive sectors.

Conclusion: “It Sends Its Bloodhounds Everywhere”

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
National Security Policy ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
The U.S

This concluding chapter examines the legacy of the CIA's drone war on U.S. counterterrorism, wider U.S. national security policy, and the conduct of America's rivals—both nation-states and terrorist groups. It contemplates the nature of technological progress, judging that innovations always introduce potential threats and opportunities in equal measure. Furthermore, while it is almost inevitable that terrorist groups will exploit drone technology for heinous ends, the technology also offers wider commercial and civilian society opportunities, just as previous transformative technologies, first developed for the purpose of taking lives, eventually came to transform them in positive ways. The use of drones to neutralize terrorists is best understood as the embodiment of America's long-term counterterrorism goal made possible by advancements in both technology and the willingness of the U.S. government to authorize the CIA in undertaking lethal counterterrorist actions.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Poverty and Economic Development: A Study on the Regions of Turkey

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Ay ◽  
Emine Fırat ◽  
Fatih Mangır
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Its Regions ◽  
Is Development ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distribution Of Income

The concept of development has been evaluated by several economic scholars within different historical processes. The meaning of the concept has changed towards the direction from a single theoretical perspective into a multi-theoretical perspective. One of these perspectives is alleviation of poverty. Poverty appears when people cannot meet basic needs for their lives. Poverty level is total amount of expenditure which is necessary to meet the basic needs. Poverty level is the determinant of welfare level of a country and its regions. Poverty numbers and poverty level are criteria indicating to what extent is development achieved. Income distribution is another issue which must be handled with poverty. Fair distribution of income must be an important policy in alleviating poverty. In this context, impact of income distribution must be positive on development level. In this study, the relationship between poverty and development has been presented within the context of Turkey and its regions.

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