scholarly journals “Do Our Bodies Know Their Ways?” Villagization, Food Insecurity, and Ill-Being in Ethiopia’s Lower Omo Valley

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward G. J. Stevenson ◽  
Lucie Buffavand
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Food Access ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Food Aid ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Hydroelectric Dam ◽  
Communal Lands ◽  
Methodological Approaches

Abstract:This article investigates food security and well-being in the context of “development-forced displacement” in Ethiopia. In the lower Omo, a large hydroelectric dam and plantation schemes have forced people to cede communal lands to the state and business speculators, and indigenous communities have been targeted for resettlement in new consolidated villages. The authors carried out a food access survey in new villages and in communities not yet subjected to villagization and complemented this with ethnographic research carried out over a period of four years. The results of the two methodological approaches were inconsistent. The survey data suggest that household food access was poor in both places but better in villagization sites than in the other communities. The ethnographic research, however, suggests that village settlers were unable to feed themselves from the irrigated plots they were allotted and were therefore dependent on food aid. They spoke of indignity, bodily discomfort, and the severance of meaningful social relations. This article discusses the contrast between the information generated by the different research methods and asks how this tension relates to two major narratives about development: development as a process through which the state actualizes a national dream, and development as a process that creates affluence for some by impoverishing others.

Folk Performing Arts, Community Life, and Well-being: Why shishimai Matters in Toyama, Japan

Paragrana ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-153
Author(s):  
Yoko Nagao
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Community Life ◽  
Local Perception ◽  
Close Observation ◽  
Arts Community ◽  
Integrative Social

Abstract There is a growing awareness in Japan that well-being is closely linked to social relationships. It is often expressed as a call for tsunagari, relationships with a willing mutual involvement. This paper examines what kind of tsunagari can be fostered through folk performing arts which are rooted in a longstanding belief in a sacred beast represented as shishi (lion). The theory of ritualization is employed to approach shishimai (lion dance) as practice which is inextricably connected to the local perception of well-being. The close observation of hamlets carrying out shishimai in Toyama reveals that it reflects the state of a community and of its members, and often generates intimate and integrative social relations. They not only provide useful resources to attain well-being but are also extended to the symbolic and spiritual dimensions.

Livestock, Livelihood, and Agrarian Change in Andean Peru

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Puente
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
The State ◽  
Agrarian Change ◽  
Community Members ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire Trajectory ◽  
The 19Th Century

Agrarian transformations in Andean Peru, subject to larger sociopolitical and economic processes, entailed major material, environmental, and biological changes. The long history of sheep introduction in Andean environments, its specific impact on the central highlands, and the making of an Andean breed of sheep—the oveja Junín—illustrate how such transformations shaped rural Peru as a societal space. Following larger environmental patters in Latin America, sheep became the dominant animal of the upper Andean regions, populating depleted landscapes and refashioning otherwise hostile environments as areas of agrarian productivity. Many of the transformations that occurred during colonial times, particularly the consolidation of the hacienda system and the rise of sheepherding as a form of peonage, served manifold purposes in the transition to the national period. While the 19th-century liberal obliteration of corporate identities and property obscured the legacy of indigenous communities, sheep continued to thrive and set the conditions for the incorporation of the Peruvian countryside into the global world economy. In the 20th century, with the parallel arrival of state and capital governance, transforming sheep and sheepherding from vernacular expressions of livelihood into advanced forms of modern agrarian industrialism merged together scientific and veterinarian knowledge with local understandings, producing the oveja Junín as the ultimate result. As sheepherding modernized based on efficient husbandry, sheep modernity efficiently nurtured rural developmentalism, bringing together communal and capitalist interests in unprecedented ways. The state-sponsored project of granjas comunales devoted to capital-intensive grazing economies reveals how husbandry and modern grazing activities both reinforced and transformed societal organization within indigenous communities, sanctioning existing differences while providing a vocabulary of capital for recasting their internal social relations of production. When the state envisioned the centralization of otherwise profitable communal grazing economies, through the allegedly empowering language of agrarian reform, the cooperativization of land, labor, and animals led to communal, family, and individual disenfranchisement. Indigenous community members, turned into campesinos, sought new battlegrounds for resisting state intromission. Eventually, the very biology of the oveja Junín as an exclusive domain of state and capital became the target of campesino sabotage. As the agrarian reform collapsed and revolution engulfed the countryside, rural livelihoods—sheep included—faced their ultimate demise, often with severe degrees of violence. In this entire trajectory, sheep—and the oveja Junín—ruled the upper regions of the Andes like no political power ever did.

scholarly journals Overview of University Actions Aimed at The Nutrition of Two Indigenous Communities In The Interior of The State of Mato Grosso Do Sul – Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-178
Author(s):  
Luis Henrique Almeida Castro ◽  
Diego Bezerra de Souza ◽  
Geanlucas Mendes Monteiro ◽  
Gildiney Penaves de Alencar ◽  
João Vitor Alves dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Policies ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The State ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Food Practices ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

The diet composed of adequate food is reported in the literature as one of the aspects of health promotion and maintenance, and it is the duty and obligation of the State to promote public policies that seek to meet these needs of the population. However, due to a number of factors, the minority or vulnerable populations end up not benefiting from a good part of the projects in force in Brazil. Thus, this work aimed to conduct a case study with two indigenous communities living in the interior of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, listing the main points related to food practices, evaluation of the state of health in force and measures that help adherence to good food practices. The largest target audience was children from 0 (zero) to 12 (twelve) years, totaling 190 (one hundred and ninety), followed by newborns and puerperals who totaled 14 (fourteen) family nuclei and the elderly population of the community, which totaled 15 (fifteen). The service team was composed of Nutritionist, Health Agent, Social Worker and Nutrition Intern professionals. Several activities were developed, occurring according to the public attended during the different days of visit in the villages, mainly home visits, community actions such as vaccination campaigns, lectures and collective guidance. It is concluded that the measures adopted in public policies related to feeding the indigenous community is a powerful tool to provide the benefits for a better quality of life, well-being and maintenance of the health of indigenous peoples.

Public legal means of investment of small and medium innovative entrepreneurship in the European Union

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Yurii Zhornokui
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Main Body ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Development Fund ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Eu

Problem setting. The development of social relations, the economic well-being of the population and the stable social structure of any state in the present circumstances are conditioned by a series of factors, one of which is the development of innovative infrastructure. One of the most important directions of development of the economic sector of our country was the formation of an innovative model of the economy, which puts to law the new tasks of clarifying the purpose and social value of law as a regulator of social relations. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The current state of the study of the selected issues indicates that the sources from which public-law organizations are investing innovative activities of small and medium-sized innovative entrepreneurship in the EU are insufficient. At the same time, the state policy of the EU countries in the scientific and technical sphere is realized through the use of various instruments, which include: legislation, tax policy, size and nature of the allocation of budget funds, including for the implementation of works in priority areas, the formation and maintenance of infrastructure, personnel, etc. Target of research is to identify the public and legal means of investing small and medium innovative entrepreneurship in the EU. Article’s main body. In the EU, the innovative component of public policy encompasses the scope of national scientific institutions (institutes, research centers, university laboratories, etc.). There are government programs that receive partial funding from the state budget. The state is guided by different criterias when deciding on the financing of specific works. First, the prospect of each specific direction is evaluated from the point of view of preserving the country’s achieved position on the world market in the future. Second, the recognition at the governmental level of innovation as a vital factor of economic development, the conduct of a broad government company on the problems of innovation. The current state of regulatory support suggests that structural funds such as the European Regional Development Fund and the European Social Fund should be considered as the main public sources of investment for innovative enterprises. In particular, such funds are implementing EIC Pathfinder Pilot, FET Innovation Launchpad, EIC Transition to Innovation Activity, EIC Accelerator, Programme for the Competitiveness of Enterprises and Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (COSME) etc. Conclusions and prospects for the development. In the EU, the investment of small and medium enterprises is not homogeneous, but a large part of them, despite the large number of investment support tools for such companies, face significant challenges in accessing investment resources. Developing a successful pan-European policy requires an indepth understanding of the problems and specifics of financing the innovation activities of small and medium innovative enterprises in EU Member States.

Historical development of the state policy of Russia in the sphere of increasing the well-being of the population

2021 ◽  
pp. 238-245
Author(s):  
Anastasiia N. Klimonova
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Quantitative Aspect ◽  
Sharp Change ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
System A

The work is devoted to the study of the state policy of Russia in the field of improving the welfare of the population, changes in its influence on the welfare of the country’s population in different periods of history. We consider various interpretations of the concept of welfare, their changes in the course of history. We conclude that the state policy to ensure and improve the well-being of the population was constantly subject to transformation and reorientation depending on the level of society development, the nature of social relations, the political system, the state system, the priority of external and internal problems. It is determined that in the population welfare system a special place is occupied by the income category, as one of the indicators characterizing the quantitative aspect of the population’s welfare. The nature of state policy in different periods had a direct impact on the situation in the sphere of the population’s well-being. Particular attention is paid to the fact that a sharp change in the state policy in the field of population welfare from the command-administrative methods of the Soviet period to the almost complete “withdrawal” of the state from the social sphere in the 1990s, caused a noticeable decline in welfare, especially the incomes of most of the population of Russia, the negative consequences of radical political changes are felt in early 21st century.

The Politics and Culture of Medicine and Disease in Central America

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Carey Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Central America ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Public Health Campaigns

With its diverse ecological zones and varied public health threats that ranged from lowland epidemic to highland endemic diseases, Central America is a challenging place to practice healthcare. In addition to topography and geography, social relations have also influenced the dynamic, contested, and negotiated process of healthcare in developing countries. Adversarial relations among indigenous people, African immigrants and slaves, and the state marked the region’s pasts. After the Spanish conquest established racist structures that favored Hispanic citizens by instituting forced labor mechanisms and limiting access to political, economic, and social power, colonists extracted land and labor from indigenous communities. Although most countries assumed that adopting Hispanic customs would improve the lives of indigenous and Afro-Central Americans, many elites felt such workers’ health was important only insofar as it did not impede their ability to labor. Characterized by holistic approaches to health that took into account psychological, emotional, and physical well-being, indigenous and other traditional healing practices flourished even after states embraced the fields of bacteriology and parasitology in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Primarily served by curanderos, midwives, bonesetters, and other traditional healers for generations, some remote rural communities were isolated from schooled medicine and its practitioners. In other rural communities and cities, hybrid healthcare offered patients palatable and efficacious healing options. As doctors became politicians and states embraced science to modernize their nations, politics and public health became inextricably linked. Often with the assistance of multinational companies and nongovernmental organizations, governments deployed scientific medicine and public health campaigns to undergird assimilationist projects. Based on assumptions that traditional medicine was impotent and indigenous people and African descendants were vectors of disease, public health campaigns often discounted, rejected, or persecuted the healing practices of such peoples. When authorities embraced rather than problematized the confluences of race and health, they enjoyed some success. Yet neither authoritarian nor democratic governments could establish a medical monopoly.

Indigenous childhood in Argentina: Parenting, care and formative experiences of Qom and Mbyá children

2020 ◽  
pp. 204361062095968
Author(s):  
Mariana García Palacios ◽  
Ana Carolina Hecht ◽  
Noelia Enriz
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
South American ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Linguistic Development ◽  
Research With Children ◽  
Formative Experiences ◽  
Monolithic Approach ◽  
Ways Of Being

Recent investigations in South American anthropology have focused on children in a range of contexts. In ethnographic research with children from indigenous communities in Argentina, we have considered social categories that result in different ways of being a child. In this way, this article presents a model that departs from a traditional, monolithic approach to childhood. The aim is to examine the first stage of life, guided by nominal references, childrearing and the formative experiences of children, with a focus on the network of social relations during this stage of live, particularly, linguistic development, religion and play.

Hunger, Healing, and Citizenship in Central Tanzania

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin D. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
National Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Economic Order ◽  
Food Aid ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Food Crisis ◽  
East African ◽  
Rural Farmers ◽  
Development Agendas

Abstract:This article draws on newspaper commentary, Nyaturu hunger lore, and ethnographic research to describe how central Tanzanian villagers accessed food aid from the state during the East African food crisis of 2006. Through leveraging their political support and their participation in national development agendas, rural inhabitants claimed their rights. Yet it was through these exchanges that the state converted food aid into political power. The article argues that the highly ritualized gift of food aid naturalizes a contemporary political and economic order in which, counterintuitively, it is rural farmers who go hungry.

scholarly journals Personality Resources of Adolescents in the Educational Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina A. Baeva ◽  
Larisa A. Gayazova ◽  
Irina V. Kondakova
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Intelligence ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Psychological Safety ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
The State ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Sense Of Involvement

Introduction. The relevance of the study is determined by the importance of the category “psychological safety” for the support of the life quality of modern people, which is influenced in a complicated way by physical health, psychological well-being, value preferences, features of social relations and their relation to the characteristic features of the environment. The state of psychological safety is a significant factor ensuring the effectiveness of еducation, upbrining and development of the younger generation. However, the personal resources that contribute to the support of this state among adolescents and young people in the educational environment are more understudied. The purpose of the article is to determine the resources of adolescents, which are the predictors of the state of psychological safety. Materials and Methods. The method “Psychological safety of the educational environmentˮ developed by I.А. Baeva was used to study students’ level of psychological safety. The method of S. Schwartz was used to assess the personality’s value orientations, to assess the level of psychological well-being – were used Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being (RPWB), the level of loneliness – UCLA Loneliness Scale (D. Russell, M. Ferguson), the level of hopelessness – Hopelessness Scale, Beck et al., the level of social intelligence – Tromsø Social Intelligence Scale, the level of aggression – Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, hardiness – Hardiness Survey (S. Maddi). The methods of mathematical statistics used in the research (descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analyzes) are implemented by means of the IBM SPSS Statistics 19 package. Results. It has been proven that the resources of adolescents’ psychological safety in the educational environment are: values, psychological well-being, social intelligence, hardiness and a low level of aggressiveness. The state of psychological safety is influenced by such manifestations as conformity and following traditions, a positive image of the future, the experience of community with other people, the ability to understand and predict other people’s feelings and behavior, a sense of involvement in life events. Discussion and Conclusion. The article is of interest for researchers of psychological safety problems in education, practical psychologists and specialists of the education system for the evidence of prevention programs and ensuring the safety of the educational environment and its participants.

scholarly journals Human rights and the public interest: in search of balance

2021 ◽  
pp. 179-185
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Right To Education ◽  
The Public ◽  
Constitutional Right ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

Modern processes of globalization in some way shake the established notions of human rights, and therefore their interpretation and content may be limited or expanded contrary to the regulations of the highest legal force. This creates conflict not only in the legal field, but also in society as a whole. It is emphasized that the most effective and less conflicting will be the norm, the content of which fully reflects both public and individual interest, the norm, in the process of interpretation and implementation of which the social value of law is achieved. What does it mean? That the right in the understanding of the official expression of norms should be only those provisions that ensure the well-being and development at the level of personal and public interest, guarantee and do not violate human rights. It is noted that the value of the right for the individual is that it is able to meet the human need for freedom and establishes a certain order of its use. The value of law for the whole society is manifested in the fact that the law guarantees security, order and harmonization of social relations, integrity and solidarity of society. Human rights and freedoms in the state, its interests should not be opposed to the rights and freedoms of others. At the same time, along with universally recognized human rights and freedoms, there are generally recognized restrictions on most of them. This raises the question of the objectively determined need to define boundaries and their criteria in the process of exercising one’s rights and freedoms. An analysis of legal practice in the context of finding a balance of public and private interest on the example of the constitutional right to education. The conclusion is that education is both a constitutional right and a duty and is not subject to any restrictions, and the state must ensure that education is accessible to all. In the process of ensuring the public interest, the state should apply permissible legal mechanisms to motivate a person to implement certain norms, such as persuasion, not coercion, encouragement, not the threat of punishment. Otherwise, it will lead to discrimination in the exercise of the rights and opportunities provided by the Constitution and the freedom to exercise them. And the establishment of the necessary restrictions provided by international legal instruments must be based on the principles of necessity, justice, legality, equality of rights and freedoms. Keywords: human rights, right to education, discrimination, equality, public interest.

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