scholarly journals The Greek vs. the Cypriot guaranteed minimum income schemes: an exploratory comparative analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Varvara Lalioti ◽  
Christos Koutsampelas
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Research ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Minimum Income ◽  
Welfare Systems ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Guaranteed Minimum Income ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract This exploratory paper utilises a comparative research approach to shed light upon the developmental trajectories of the Greek and Cypriot guaranteed minimum income (GMI) schemes. Our analysis indicates that, despite similarities (e.g. in the emergence of the two schemes, as part of the extensive reforms imposed during the financial crisis on the Greek and Cypriot welfare systems), there are also significant differences. These mainly relate to implementation and, ultimately, the “success” of the two schemes in attaining their declared goals. Moreover, we argue that the developmental paths followed by the Greek and Cypriot GMI schemes should be interpreted in the light of key variables (“functionalist,” “political” and “institutional”), often used to explain the establishment and further evolution of such schemes. Within this context, the relatively “superior” performance of the Cypriot GMI, compared with the Greek scheme, is largely attributed to factors such as government effectiveness and political stability.

Children’s Group Biases In Third-Party Punishment Are Guided By Norms-Focused Behaviors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luz Gonzalez-Gadea ◽  
Antonella Dominguez ◽  
Agustin Petroni
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Controlled Processes ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Shed Light

Children tend to punish norm transgressions, even when they are mere external observers—a phenomenon known as third-party punishment. This behavior is influenced by group biases, as children unevenly punish in-group and out-group members.Two opposing hypotheses have been proposed to explain group biases during third-party punishment: the Norms-Focused Hypothesis predicts that individuals punish more harshly selfishness by in-group than by out-group members; contrarily, the Mere Preferences Hypothesis predicts that people are more lenient to selfishness by in-group than by out-group members. Here, we tested these hypotheses in children between six and 11 years of age (N=124) and explored the mechanisms underlying group biases during the development of third-party punishment. Our results supported the Norms-Focused Hypothesis: children preferentially punished unfair sharing from in-group members evidencing in-group policing bias, and they were also more willing to punish selfishness directed at in-group members than out-group members, showing in-group favoritism bias. We observed different developmental trajectories and mechanisms associated with these biases: while in-group policing remained stable over childhood as automatic as well as more effortful and controlled processes, in-group favoritism increases with age and was manifested only in the context of more controlled processes. These results shed light on the mechanisms underlying the development of third-party decisions and could be used to plan strategies and interventions to manipulate group biases in children.

scholarly journals KONTRIBUSI PENGETAHUAN IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER III DENGAN SIKAP TENTANG DETEKSI DINI TANDA BAHAYA KEHAMILAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Eko Widiyastuti ◽  
Sri Madya Bhakti Eka Rini
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Danger Signs ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Causal Comparative ◽  
Central Java Province

Nurul Eko Widiyastuti 1), Sri Madya Bhakti Eka Rini 2)1) 2) Stikes Estu Utomo BoyolaliE-mail: [email protected],  [email protected] pencapaian pemeriksaan kehamilan khususnya K1 dan K4 tahun 2013 di Indonesia yaitu 95% untuk K1 dan 90% untuk K4. Cakupan kunjungan ibu hamil K4 propinsi Jawa Tengah tahun 2013 adalah  92,13% dan target K4 propinsi Jawa Tengah tahun 2013 sebesar 80%. Data kabupaten Boyolali tahun 2014 untuk K1 85% sedangkan K4 80% (Dinkes Kabupaten Boyolali, 2014). Faktor-faktor yang berperan dalam keberhasilan program kesehatan keluarga tentang cakupan K1 dan K4 adalah kesadaran ibu hamil yang tinggi untuk melakukan pemeriksaan kehamilan dan melakukan deteksi dini terhadap tanda bahaya kehamilan. Metode Penelitian : Penelitian yang dilakukan ini merupakan penelitian Ex-postfacto dengan pendekatan causal comparative research dan menggunakan teknik sampling Purposive Random Sampling yaitu 50 responden. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan alat kuesioner untuk mengetahui pengetahun dan sikap responden yang sebelumnya sudah dilakukan uji validitas dan reabilitas. Analisa data menggunakan analisis regresi. Hasil Penelitian : Dari hasil uji statistik diperoleh nilai correlation coefficien 0.349 dengan Sig. 0.013, hal ini menunjukan bahwa nilai ρ < 0,013 berarti bahwa terdapat tingkat hubungan yang rendah sebesar 0.349 atau 34,9 % antara pengetahuan dengan sikap ibu hamil trimester III tentang deteksi dini tanda bahaya kehamilan. Adjusted R Square 0,484 berarti 48,4% variabel sikap dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel pengetahuan, sedangkan sisanya (100% - 48,4% = 51,6%) dijelaskan oleh sebab-sebab lain diluar model, misalnya dukungan keluarga, motivasi bidan dan sebagainya. Kesimpulan : Pengetahuan sebagian besar dalam kategori baik yaitu ada 22 orang dengan presentase 44 %. Sikap pada penelitian ini sebagian besar dalam kategori mendukung yaitu sebanyak 24 responden dengan presentase 48 %. Hal ini berarti semakin tinggi pengetahuan maka sikap semakin baik atau mendukung.Kata Kunci : pengetahuan, sikap, ibu hamil trimester III, deteksi dini, tanda bahaya kehamilan.CONTRIBUTION OF KNOWLEDGE PREGNANT MOTHER TRIMESTER III WITH ATTITUDE ON EARLY DETECTION OF DANGER SIGNS OF PREGNANCY ABSTRACTTarget achievement pregnancy examination, especially K1 and K4 in 2013 in Indonesia, namely 95% to 90% for the K1 and K4. Coverage of pregnant women visit K4 Central Java province in 2013 was 92.13% and the target K4 Central Java province in 2013 amounted to 80%. Boyolali district data for K1 2014 K4 85% while 80% (DHO Boyolali, 2014). Factors that play a role in the success of the family health program on K1 and K4 coverage is a high awareness of pregnant women for antenatal and early detection is the danger signs of pregnancy. Methods: This research is a research Ex-postfacto with causal comparative research approach and using purposive sampling technique Random Sampling of 50 respondents. The research instrument using a questionnaire to determine the knowledge and attitudes of respondents who have previously tested the validity and reliability. Analysis of data using regression analysis. Results: From the test results obtained by statistical correlation value coefficien 0.349 with Sig. 0013, indicating that the value ρ <0.013 means that there is a low degree of correlation of 0.349 or 34.9% between knowledge and attitude of third trimester pregnant women about early detection of danger signs of pregnancy. Adjusted R Square .484 means that 48.4% variable attitude can be explained by the variable knowledge, while the rest (100% - 48.4% = 51.6%) is explained by other causes outside the model, such as family support, motivation and so forth midwife , Conclusion: Knowledge majority in both categories are 22 people with a percentage of 44%. The attitude in this study mostly in the category of supporting as many as 24 respondents with a percentage of 48%. This means that the higher the better knowledge of the attitude or support.Keywords: knowledge, attitudes, third trimester pregnant women, early detection, danger signs of pregnancy.

scholarly journals Improvement of the targeted social support of low-income families with children: Vologda Pilot Project

POPULATION ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-121
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Bobkov
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Minimum Income ◽  
Lump Sum ◽  
Subsistence Minimum ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Families With Children ◽  
Guaranteed Minimum Income

The article deals with the theoretical, methodical and practical principles of forming a new model of targeted social support of low-income families with children on the basis of guaranteed minimum income. Approbation of the new approaches to targeted social support of low-income families with children was implemented in Vologda oblast. The target representative sample was 70 families. It has been found out that after the targeted social support under the current legislation (lump-sum payments excluded), basic income in these families averaged 35.3 per cent of the differentiated equivalent subsistence minimum, thus being evidence of the inefficient state social assistance. The author has substantiated introducing additional monthly targeted social payments to parents besides the set regular payments (additional family poverty benefit) that will enable families to improve their economic sustainability. He substantiated a number of threshold values of the guaranteed minimum income that would ensure current consumption ranging from the cost food basket up to the size of the differentiated equivalent living standards of families, depending on the financial capacity of the regional budget. The guaranteed minimum income of low-income families with children averaged 54.6 per cent of the regional differentiated equivalent subsistence minimum. There have been developed methodical recommendations for identifying untapped socio-economic potential of families as a source of raising income from employment, as well as criteria for removal of families from the recipients of targeted social assistance in the form of cash benefits. Proposals on correcting the current legislation on the state social support have been formulated.

scholarly journals Citizen’s basic income and Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 566-583
Author(s):  
Eduardo Matarazzo Suplicy ◽  
Mônica Dallari
Keyword(s):  
Basic Income ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Minimum Income ◽  
The World ◽  
Guaranteed Minimum Income

ABSTRACT Brazil is the first national in the world to approve a law to institute, step by step, a Citizen’s Basic Income. In 1991, I presented a Guaranteed Minimum Income proposal. More and more in the world, there is growing interest and experiences. Among them, in Kenia. The results of paying a Universal Basic Income to all adults with 18 years or more in rural villages are very positive. Maricá (RJ) has started to pay 33 dollars per month to one third of the population last August. By 2021, the Universal Basic Income (UBI) will be paid to all inhabitants.

scholarly journals How does the governance of the executive branch operate in democratic Brazil? An analysis of the Center of Government

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (75) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Luiz Costa Cavalcante ◽  
Alexandre de Ávila Gomide
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Governance Arrangement ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Political Aspect ◽  
Joint Research Project ◽  
Priority Policy ◽  
Shed Light

ABSTRACT Introduction: This paper aims to analyze how the Center of Government (CoG) operates as units responsible for conducting the presidential agenda in contemporary Brazil. Materials and Methods: The study applied the theoretical approach of CoG as a governance arrangement and used qualitative and quantitative data to reach its objective. Besides the bibliographic review on the literature and official documents, the study synthesizes and deepens empirical data and information from a joint research project covering the period of political stability in Brazil, from 1995 to 2014, when elected presidents ended their terms. Results: The empirical findings confirm that CoG is a flexible and dynamic phenomenon. It puts a critical perspective on the normative “good governance” approach that overvalues its technical dimension and neglects its political aspect. Discussion: The inquiry results shed light on the importance of the relation between politics and policy, by demonstrating that CoG’s configuration and functions vary due to multiple causes, each president’s priority policy agenda is implemented with different strategies and; the prioritized policies follow a unique coordination logic inside the Brazilian federal government.

Expectations of Generation Z

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Management ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Meaningful Work ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Learning And Development ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
Key Variables

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate expectations of Generation Z in relation to the onboarding program. Design/methodology/approach The study adopts an interpretative research approach and data was gathered using interview and participant observation techniques. Fifteen group discussions lasting 40-50 minutes were carried out covering 136 participants. Findings The study identifies six key variables for effective onboarding: meaningful work, performance management, work-life balance, personal connect, the bigger picture at work and learning and development. Practical implications Organizations can use these findings to tailor onboarding programs to meet the expectations of Generations Z and reduce the likelihood of new hires leaving the company in the first few months. Originality/value This paper has an original approach by examining expectations of Generation Z during new hire orientation programs.

Using of PPP mechanisms in rural social sphere: domestic and foreign experience

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Elena Ivanovna Semenova ◽  
Vladimir Gennadievich Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Minimum Income ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Guaranteed Minimum Income

The article shows the importance of using the public-private partnership mechanism for the development of the social sphere of the village. Review of PPP implementation by countries G20 showed different legal approaches in PPP implementation, parallel use and concessions, and agreements, application of guaranteed minimum income and risk sharing among participants, use of different PPP support measures. The presented results of the questionnaire indicate the largest use of PPPs in housing and communal services — 272 projects (81.68 %), which is due to the high degree of wear and tear in water and heat supply, in education — 22 projects (6.61 %), mainly the construction of preschool institutions, school repairs, in the field of sports and tourism 14 projects (4.2 %) — the construction of sports grounds and stadiums, sports centers, 10 projects (3 %). Public-private partnership projects in the social sphere of rural areas are less marginal, their financing is associated with significant difficulties due to the heterogeneity of demand, the difficulty of forecasting consumer demand and assessing social effect. The development of public-private partnerships is constrained by the lack of necessary budget funds to ensure the minimum guaranteed income of a private partner, the duration and complexity of maintaining procedures.

The Portuguese ‘New State’ and the Diffusion of Authoritarian Models in Interwar Latin America

2021 ◽  
pp. 002200942110660
Author(s):  
António Costa Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Political System ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
System Model ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Power Capacity ◽  
Reform Processes

As an authoritarian ‘gravity centre’ in the interwar period, the Portuguese New State was not the product of strong propaganda or power capacity. Its force of attraction derived, essentially, from having an international means of diffusion: important segments of the Catholic Church's organizations, its associated intellectual politicians, and particularly from having led a corporatist and authoritarian political system model. How and why did Salazar's New State inspire some of the new political institutions proposed by radical right-wing elites or created by many of these regimes? This article tackles this issue by adopting a transnational and comparative research approach, paying particular attention to the primary mediators of its diffusion and analyzing institutional reform processes in selected processes of crises and transitions to authoritarianism in Latin America.

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