scholarly journals Characterisation of body size phenotypes in a middle-aged Maltese population

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Agius ◽  
Nikolai Paul Pace ◽  
Stephen Fava
Keyword(s):  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obese ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Healthy Obese ◽  
Metabolically Healthy ◽  
High Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome Components

Abstract Obesity is increasingly recognised as being a heterogeneous disease. Some obese individuals may present a metabolically healthy profile (metabolically healthy obese (MHO)), while some normal weight individuals exhibit an adverse cardiometabolic phenotype (metabolically unhealthy normal weight individuals (MUHNW)). The objectives of the present study were to examine the prevalence and associated characteristics of the different body composition phenotypes within a Maltese cohort. This was a cross-sectional analysis involving 521 individuals aged 41 ± 5 years. The metabolically unhealthy state was defined as the presence of ≥2 metabolic syndrome components (NCEP-ATPIII parameters), while individuals with ≤1 cardiometabolic abnormalities were classified as metabolically healthy. Overall, 70 % of the studied population was overweight or obese and 30⋅7 % had ≥2 cardiometabolic abnormalities. The prevalence of MHO and MUHNW was 10⋅7 and 2⋅1 %, respectively. Individuals with the healthy phenotype were more likely to consume alcohol, participate in regular physical activity and less likely to be smokers. While the MHO phenotype had similar values for waist, hip and neck circumferences, waist–hip ratio and insulin resistance when compared with MUHNW individuals, there was a lower proportion of MHO subjects having a high fasting plasma glucose, hypertriglyceridaemia or low HDL-C when compared with the unhealthy lean individuals. A high prevalence of the metabolically unhealthy phenotype was observed in this relatively young population which may result in significant future cardiovascular disease burden if timely assessment and management of modifiable risk factors are not implemented. Furthermore, the present study suggests that the MHO phenotype is not totally benign as previously thought.

Magnesium intake is associated with the metabolically healthy obese phenotype

2021 ◽  
pp. jim-2021-001841
Author(s):  
Fernando Guerrero-Romero ◽  
Gerardo Morales-Gurrola ◽  
Lucía Preza-Rodríguez ◽  
Alejandra Gómez-Barrientos ◽  
Ana I Olivas-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Magnesium Intake ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obese ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Healthy Obese ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

Although magnesium intake is inversely associated with the risk of metabolic abnormalities, whether magnesium intake plays a role on metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotype has not been explored. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether the magnesium intake is associated with the MHO phenotype. Apparently, healthy women and men aged 20–65 years with obesity were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Subjects were allocated into MHO (n=124) and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) (n=123) groups. MHO phenotype was defined by abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥90 cm in men and ≥80 cm in women) and none, or not more than one of the following risk factors: triglyceride levels ≥150 mg/dL; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels <40 mg/dL in men and <50 mg/dL in women; fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL; and systolic blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mm Hg. The MUO individuals were characterized by abdominal obesity and the presence of two or more of the aforementioned criteria. The proportion of individuals with high blood pressure (40.7% vs 5.6%, p<0.001), hyperglycemia (69.1% vs 16.9%, p<0.001), hypertriglyceridemia (84.6% vs 36.3%, p<0.001), and low HDL-C (51.2% vs 12.9%, p<0.001) was significantly higher in the MUO individuals as compared with individuals in the MHO group. The logistic regression analysis adjusted by sex and age showed that dietary magnesium intake is significantly associated with the MHO phenotype (OR=1.17; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.25, p=0.005). Our results show that magnesium intake is significantly associated with the MHO phenotype.

Abstract 13508: Obesity Phenotype and the Risk of Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes: Does Cardiorespiratory Fitness Matter?

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sae Young Jae ◽  
Mercedes Carnethon ◽  
Won Hah Park ◽  
Bo Fernhall
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Incident Hypertension ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obese ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Healthy Obese ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

There is conflicting evidence regarding the association between metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW) with incident hypertension and type 2 diabetes. The role of cardiorespiratory fitness on these associations has not been fully explored. We tested the hypothesis that obesity phenotypes predict incident hypertension and type 2 diabetes, but cardiorespiratory fitness modifies these associations in a prospective study of apparently healthy men. 3800 men (mean age 48±6 yrs, range 20-76 yrs) participated in two health examinations during 1998-2009. All subjects were free of hypertension and type 2 diabetes at baseline examination. MHO was defined as obesity (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) with no more than one metabolic abnormality, and MUNW was defined as body mass index < 23 kg/m2) with two or more abnormalities. Cardiorespiratory fitness was directly measured by peak oxygen uptake during a treadmill test. Incident hypertension and type 2 diabetes were defined as blood pressure ≥140/90mmHg and as ≥6.5% of HbA1c or ≥126mg/dl of fasting glucose at second examination, respectively. During an average follow-up of 5 years (1-12 yrs), there were 371 (9.8%) men incident hypertension and 170 (4.5%) men incident type 2 diabetes. MHO and MUNW were present in 844 (22%) and 249 (6.6%) men. Compared with metabolically healthy normal weight men, MHO and MUNW men were at increased risk for hypertension (relative risk (RR) =1.82, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.29-2.56 and 1.75, 1.11-2.74) and type 2 diabetes (RR=3.68, 1.92-7.07 and 5.35, 2.61-10.94), respectively. These risks in MHO and MUNW men were still persisted with adjustment for confounder variables and cardiorespiratory fitness (hypertension=1.57, 1.05-2.34 and 1.59, 1.01-2.51; type 2 diabetes=3.35, 1.63-6.89 and 4.76, 2.32-9.77). Metabolically healthy obese or metabolically unhealthy normal weight men were at increased risk of hypertension and type 2 diabetes compared with metabolically healthy normal weight men. However, these associations were not attenuated by cardiorespiratory fitness or other confounder factors.

scholarly journals Pattern of Adiponectin, Osteocalcin, Irisin, FGF-21, and MCP-1 According to the Body Size Phenotype: Could They Be Markers of Metabolic Health in Mexican-Mestizo Middle-Aged Women?

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 771
Author(s):  
Lourdes Balcázar-Hernandez ◽  
Lourdes Basurto ◽  
Leticia Manuel-Apolinar ◽  
Sara Vega-García ◽  
Norma Basurto-Acevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obese ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

Variations in levels of some adipokines, myokines, osteokines, hepatokines and inflammatory cytokines contribute to abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of adiponectin, osteocalcin (OCN), irisin, FGF-21, and MCP-1 according to the body size phenotype of middle-aged women, and their associations with BMI, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and HOMA-IR. A cross-sectional study in 265 women aged from 40 to 65 years was performed. The biochemical characteristics were evaluated in metabolically healthy normal weight, metabolically unhealthy normal weight, metabolically healthy obese, and metabolically unhealthy obese women. There was an association of OCN with BMI (r = −0.107; p = 0.047); adiponectin with BMI (r = −0.217; p = 0.001), insulin (r = −0.415; p = 0.0001), HOMA-IR (r = −0.429; p = 0.0001), and VAT (r = −0.134; p = 0.025); irisin with BMI (r = 0.604; p = 0.001), insulin (r = 0.446; p = 0.0001), HOMA-IR (r = 0.452; p = 0.0001), and VAT (r = 0.645; p = 0.0001); FGF−21 with insulin (r = −0.337; p= 0.030) and HOMA-IR (r = −0.341; p = 0.03); and MCP-1 with BMI (r = 0.481; p = 0.0001), VAT (r = 0.497; p = 0.001), insulin (r = 0.298; p= 0.001), and HOMA-IR (r = 0.255; p = 0.004). A multivariate analysis showed that an elevation of OCN (OR 1.4 (95%CI 1.06–1.81)) and a reduction of adiponectin (OR 0.9 (0.84–0.96)) were associated factors for a metabolic unhealthy phenotype in normal weight participants. Likewise, higher irisin (OR 1.007 (1.003–1.011)) and MCP-1 (1.044 (1.008–1.083)) were risk factors for a metabolic unhealthy phenotype in woman with obesity. OCN, adiponectin, irisin, FGF-21, and MCP-1 are associated with some metabolic parameters such as BMI, HOMA-IR, and VAT, and could be possible biomarkers of an unhealthy metabolic phenotype in middle-aged women.

scholarly journals Increased Heart Failure Risk in Normal-Weight People With Metabolic Syndrome Compared With Metabolically Healthy Obese Individuals

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (13) ◽  
pp. 1343-1350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Voulgari ◽  
Nicholas Tentolouris ◽  
Polychronis Dilaveris ◽  
Dimitris Tousoulis ◽  
Nicholas Katsilambros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obese ◽  
Failure Risk ◽  
Healthy Obese ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

Abstract 163: The Prevalence of the Metabolically Healthy Obese Phenotype in an Aging Population and its Association with Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease: The Brazilian Study on Healthy Aging

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara L Roberson ◽  
Shozab A Siddiqui ◽  
Michael J Blaha ◽  
Arthur A Agatston ◽  
Roger S Blumenthal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obese ◽  
Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Healthy Obese ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

BACKGROUND Obese and overweight individuals have been shown to be at higher risk of CVD events than normal weight individuals. Current literature has elucidated a new phenotype, Metabolically Healthy Obese (MHO), with risks of CVD similar to that of normal weight individuals. Few studies have examined the MHO phenotype in an aging population, especially in association with subclinical cardiovascular disease. METHODS The cross sectional study population consisted of 208 individuals (79% Female), age 80 and older (mean age 84±4, range 80-102). Anthropometrics & biochemical parameters were measured. The Adult Treatment Panel definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS), excluding waist circumference, criteria was used to define metabolically healthy (<3 MetS components) versus unhealthy. A combination of BMI and waist circumference were used to define normal weight and overweight/obese. Multidetector-row cardiac CT for coronary artery calcium score (CACS) was used to detect subclinical atherosclerosis. High reactive C reactive protein (hs-CRP) was measured to assess degree of underlying inflammation. RESULTS The prevalence of MHO defined by BMI≥25 kg/m2 &/or waist circumference >88cm in women, >102cm in men & having 3mg/dl, Uric Acid >6 mg/dl (p=NS). Gender, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, and SBP was significantly associated with MHO (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the MHO phenotype is still seen in octogenarians, but at lower rates than in the general population suggesting MHO may not simply be an intermediary stage, driven by length of spent in the obese state. Those with this phenotype tended to have lower triglycerides, higher HDL, and lower body fat % than their metabolically at risk obese counterparts (p<0.05), however, degree of subclinical CVD was not different. Further studies are needed to explore the related risk of CVD among MHO octogenarians.

Risk of Arterial Stiffness According to Metabolically Healthy Obese Phenotype: A Combined Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study in Kailuan Cohort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anxin Wang ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Yingting Zuo ◽  
Xue Tian ◽  
Shuohua Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obese ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Healthy Obese ◽  
Metabolically Healthy ◽  
Healthy Participants

Abstract BackgroundTo investigate the risk of incident arterial stiffness according to metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotype in Chinese population.Materials and methodsThe Kailuan study is an ongoing prospective cohort study, 37,180 participants with at least one-time measurement of branchial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) were included in the cross-sectional analysis, and 16,236 participants with repeated measurement of baPWV during the follow-ups were included in the longitudinal study from March 1, 2010, to January 31, 2020. Cross-classification of body mass index (BMI) categories and metabolic health status created six groups. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between BMI-metabolic status phenotypes and baPWV in mono-factor and multi-factor models. ResultsThe results of cross-sectional and longitudinal investigation were basically the same, as the abnormality of baPWV increased with BMI categories in metabolically healthy participants, while the increasing tendency disappeared in metabolically unhealthy participants. A 1.6-fold, 2.8-fold increased risk for the new occurrence of arterial stiffness were documented in MHO and metabolically unhealthy obese participants compared to metabolically healthy normal weight controls in the fully adjusted model. Further stratified analysis shown that metabolic health status was an interaction factor between BMI and arterial stiffness in either study population (P<0.0001 for cross-sectional study and P=0.0003 for longitudinal study).ConclusionsMetabolic health status and BMI categories contribute to the progression of arterial stiffness, while BMI is positively associated with arterial stiffness only in metabolically healthy participants. Moreover, MHO is an intermediate stage between metabolically healthy and unhealthy status.Trial registration: ChiCTR-TNRC-11001489. Registered 24 August 2011 - Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=8050

scholarly journals The role of the gut microbiota on the metabolic status of obese children

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Yuan ◽  
Ruimin Chen ◽  
Kenneth L. McCormick ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Xiangquan Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Metabolic Status ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obese ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Healthy Obese ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

Abstract Background The term “metabolically healthy obese (MHO)” denotes a hale and salutary status, yet this connotation has not been validated in children, and may, in fact, be a misnomer. As pertains to obesity, the gut microbiota has garnered attention as conceivably a nosogenic or, on the other hand, protective participator. Objective This study explored the characteristics of the fecal microbiota of obese Chinese children and adolescents of disparate metabolic statuses, and the associations between their gut microbiota and circulating proinflammatory factors, such as IL-6, TNF-α, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), and a cytokine up-regulator and mediator, leptin. Results Based on weight and metabolic status, the 86 Chinese children (ages 5–15 years) were divided into three groups: metabolically healthy obese (MHO, n = 42), metabolic unhealthy obese (MUO, n = 23), and healthy normal weight controls (Con, n = 21). In the MUO subjects, the phylum Tenericutes, as well as the alpha and beta diversity, were significantly reduced compared with the controls. Furthermore, Phylum Synergistetes and genus Bacteroides were more prevalent in the MHO population compared with controls. For the MHO group, Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that serum IL-6 positively correlated with genus Paraprevotella, LBP was positively correlated with genus Roseburia and Faecalibacterium, and negatively correlated with genus Lactobacillus, and leptin correlated positively with genus Phascolarctobacterium and negatively with genus Dialister (all p < 0.05). Conclusion Although there are distinct differences in the characteristic gut microbiota of the MUO population versus MHO, dysbiosis of gut microsystem is already extant in the MHO cohort. The abundance of some metabolism-related bacteria associates with the degree of circulating inflammatory compounds, suggesting that dysbiosis of gut microbiota, present in the MHO children, conceivably serves as a compensatory or remedial response to a surfeit of nutrients.

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