scholarly journals Flipping the “New Penology” Script: Police Misconduct Insurance, Grassroots Activism, and Risk Management–Based Reform

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-43
Author(s):  
Stephen Wulff
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Risk Governance ◽  
Social Movement Organizations ◽  
Police Misconduct ◽  
Grassroots Groups ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Movement Organizations

Through a multi-method qualitative case study, I examine the failed 2016 ballot campaign of the Committee for Professional Policing (CfPP), a police accountability group in Minneapolis, Minnesota. In attempting to make Minneapolis the first city nationwide to require police to carry professional liability insurance, the CfPP turned the logic of Malcolm M. Feeley and Jonathan Simon’s “new penology” paradigm onto police. Their thesis argues that a contemporary penal shift occurred away from rehabilitation toward managing aggregates of dangerous criminal categories through risk management approaches. I extend their thesis in a new direction by examining how—in the emerging age of “algorithmic risk governance”—social movement organizations, like the CfPP, are starting to invert the new penology onto criminal justice personnel. In flipping the script, the CfPP called for a new private insurance market using mandatory police misconduct insurance to manage aggregates of dangerous police officers. After highlighting how the CfPP developed new penological objectives, discourses, and technologies, I discuss the implications of grassroots groups adopting and redefining traditional penal logics and propose future research avenues.

Mobilizing in Black Boxes: Social Networks and Participation in Social Movement Organizations

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Kitts
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Movement Organizations ◽  
Black Boxes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Movement Organizations ◽  
Movement Participation

Recent research has focused on the role of social networks in facilitating participation in protest and social movement organizations. This paper elaborates three currents of microstructural explanation, based on information, identity, and exchange. In assessing these perspectives, it compares their treatment of multivalence, the tendency for social ties to inhibit as well as promote participation. Considering two dimensions of multivalence—the value of the social tie and the direction of social pressure—this paper discusses problems of measurement and interpretation in network analysis of movement participation. A critical review suggests some directions for future research.

scholarly journals Anti-leaders(hip) in Social Movement Organizations: The case of autonomous grassroots groups

Organization ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 759-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Sutherland ◽  
Christopher Land ◽  
Steffen Böhm
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Stable Set ◽  
Social Movement Organizations ◽  
Leadership Studies ◽  
Occupy Movement ◽  
Grassroots Groups ◽  
Critical Leadership ◽  
Critical Leadership Studies ◽  
Movement Organizations

Through the Arab Spring and the Occupy movement, the idea of horizontal, leaderless organization has come to the attention of the mass media. In this article we explore radical, participative-democratic alternatives to leadership through an empirical study of four Social Movement Organizations (SMOs). Whilst there has been some writing on leadership within SMOs, it has mirrored the ‘mainstream’ assumption that leadership is the product of individual leaders possessing certain traits, styles and/or behaviours. In contrast, critical leadership studies (CLS) recognize that leadership is a relational, socially constructed phenomenon rather than the result of a stable set of leadership attributes that inhere in ‘the leaders’. We utilize this framing to analyse how leadership is understood and performed in anarchist SMOs by examining how actors manage meaning and define reality without compromising the ideological commitments of their organizations. Furthermore, we also pay attention to the organizational practices and processes developed to: (a) prohibit individuals from permanently assuming a leadership role; (b) distribute leadership skills and roles; and (c) encourage other actors to participate and take-up these roles in the future. We conclude by suggesting that just because an organization is leaderless, it does not necessarily mean that it is also leadershipless.

Supporting strategic success through enterprise-wide reputation risk management

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Gatzert ◽  
Joan Schmit
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Risk Governance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Risk Management Framework ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Enterprise Risk ◽  
Reputation Risk ◽  
Strategic Success

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a coherent and effective enterprise risk management (ERM) framework that includes necessary steps and processes for integrating reputation risk management into an organization’s overall ERM approach which is intended to support corporate strategic success. In particular, reputation creation, enhancement, and protection are critical to an organization’s success, yet highly challenging given the wide ranging and somewhat opaque nature of the concept. These qualities call for a strong ERM approach to reputation that is holistic and integrative, yet existing knowledge of how to do so is limited. Design/methodology/approach – The paper evaluates and synthesizes existing reputation literature in developing an enterprise-wide reputation risk management framework incorporating necessary steps, processes, and considerations. We address risk strategy, risk assessment, risk governance, and risk culture as key elements of ERM and conclude with suggestions for future research. Findings – The results suggest several important ideas which are of great relevance when integrating reputation risk management into an ERM framework. Among these are the importance of: identifying and understanding the purpose of key stakeholders, appreciating the multidimensional and layered effect of events on organizational reputation and monitoring the influence of technological advances. Originality/value – The authors contribute to the literature by developing a framework for enterprise-wide reputation risk management that applies across industries. In contrast to previous work, the authors offer a broader perspective on the underlying causes and consequences of reputation damage based on empirical evidence and insight from the academic literature and provide additional detail in identification of reputation determinants, antecedents, and drivers. While much of this information exists in various places in the literature, it has not been organized into a cohesive framework nor used in developing an ERM strategy.

The State-of-the-Art in Structural Integrity Management: A Review and Proposed Data-Driven Approach

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
YeongAe Heo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Network Systems ◽  
Management Approaches

Abstract Probabilistic risk-based approaches have been used for cost-effective structural design and maintenance guidelines. The effectiveness of these provisions, however, has yet to be adequately validated. Also, current risk management approaches are hardly adaptable to changes in operational and environmental conditions as well as structural properties over the service life of structures. As the need and demand of real-time monitoring systems have increased dramatically for high-value and high-risk facilities such as offshore structures particularly, it is important to discuss directions for future research to advance the risk-based management approaches by utilizing the invaluable “big-scale” field data obtained from sensor network systems. Therefore, knowledge gaps in the current state-of-the-art structural risk management approaches are discussed in this paper. Subsequently, a novel risk management framework is presented in this paper integrating physics-based data into a data-driven decision model. The proposed decision framework will improve system adaptability to future performance requirements due to changing operational and environmental conditions and will be applicable to any structural systems instrumented by sophisticated SHM systems such as complex naval and marine systems.

scholarly journals Conceptualizing risk and social innovation: An integrated framework for risk governance

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Osborne ◽  
Sarah-Sophie Flemig
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Policy Innovation ◽  
Risk Governance ◽  
Risk And Uncertainty ◽  
Holistic Model ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Management Approaches

Public policy seeks innovation as a solution to society’s big problems, yet it almost always fails to address one key component of innovation: risk. Furthermore, risk management in public policy predominately focuses on the minimization or even avoidance of risk, no matter its nature. This article focuses on the nexus between risk and social innovation specifically in public policy. It acknowledges the special context of decision-making in public policy and proposes two differentiations that are necessary for a holistic model of risk management in public policy innovation: Firstly, the differentiation between cases of risk and uncertainty; and, secondly, between hard and soft risk management approaches. Concluding, the paper presents a framework that can inform public policy makers and practitioners alike regarding risk management and its effect on social innovation.

Scholarship on Social Movement Organziations: Classic Views and Emerging Trends

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Caniglia ◽  
JoAnn Carmin
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Resource Mobilization ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Movement Organizations ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Organizational Processes ◽  
Movement Theory ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Movement Organizations

This essay examines research on social movement organizations (SMOs) within each of the three major schools of social movement theory: resource mobilization, political process, and cultural-cognitive approaches. We map the general terrain of these perspectives and demonstrate how they have established enduring and emerging trends in SMO scholarship. By briefly revisiting some of the central findings and theoretical arguments of SMO research, we provide a background for future research in social movement organizational processes and a foundation for the articles contained in this special issue.

scholarly journals Application of the Socio-Ecological System Framework to Forest Fire Risk Management: A Systematic Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Vigna ◽  
Angelo Besana ◽  
Elena Comino ◽  
Alessandro Pezzoli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Wildfire Risk ◽  
Starting Point

Although increasing concern about climate change has raised awareness of the fundamental role of forest ecosystems, forests are threatened by human-induced impacts worldwide. Among them, wildfire risk is clearly the result of the interaction between human activities, ecological domains, and climate. However, a clear understanding of these interactions is still needed both at the global and local levels. Numerous studies have proven the validity of the socioecological system (SES) approach in addressing this kind of interdisciplinary issue. Therefore, a systematic review of the existing literature on the application of SES frameworks to forest ecosystems is carried out, with a specific focus on wildfire risk management. The results demonstrate the existence of different methodological approaches that can be grouped into seven main categories, which range from qualitative analysis to quantitative spatially explicit investigations. The strengths and limitations of the approaches are discussed, with a specific reference to the geographical setting of the works. The research suggests the importance of local community involvement and local knowledge consideration in wildfire risk management. This review provides a starting point for future research on forest SES and a supporting tool for the development of a sustainable wildfire risk adaptation and mitigation strategy.

Insurance Status and Ethnicity Impact Health Disparities in Rates of Advance Directives in Trauma

2021 ◽  
pp. 000313482110111
Author(s):  
Krista L. Haines ◽  
Benjamin P. Nguyen ◽  
Ioana Antonescu ◽  
Jennifer Freeman ◽  
Christopher Cox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Hospice Care ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Advanced Directives ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Discharge Disposition

Introduction Advanced directives (ADs) provide a framework from which families may understand patient’s wishes. However, end-of-life planning may not be prioritized by everyone. This analysis aimed to determine what populations have ADs and how they affected trauma outcomes. Methods Adult trauma patients recorded in the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) from 2013-2015 were included. The primary outcome was presence of an AD. Secondary outcomes included mortality, length of stay (LOS), mechanical ventilation, ICU admission/LOS, withdrawal of life-sustaining measures, and discharge disposition. Multivariable logistic regression models were developed for outcomes. Results 44 705 patients were included in the analyses. Advanced directives were present in 1.79% of patients. The average age for patients with ADs was 77.8 ± 10.7. African American (odds ratio (OR) .53, confidence intervals [CI] .36-.79) and Asian (OR .22, CI .05-.91) patients were less likely to have ADs. Conversely, Medicaid (OR 1.70, CI 1.06-2.73) and Medicare (OR 1.65, CI 1.25-2.17) patients were more likely to have ADs as compared to those with private insurance. The presence of ADs was associated with increased hospital mortality (OR 2.84, CI 2.19-3.70), increased transition to comfort measures (OR 2.87, CI 2.08-3.95), and shorter LOS (CO −.74, CI −1.26-.22). Patients with ADs had an increased odds of hospice care (OR 4.24, CI 3.18-5.64). Conclusion Advanced directives at admission are uncommon, particularly among African Americans and Asians. The presence of ADs was associated with increased mortality, use of mechanical ventilation, admission to the ICU, withdrawal of life-sustaining measures, and hospice. Future research should target expansion of ADs among minority populations to alleviate disparities in end-of-life treatment.

Linking Organizational Justice to Organizational Commitment Among Nigerian Police Officers

2021 ◽  
pp. 009385482110361
Author(s):  
Ivan Y. Sun ◽  
Yuning Wu ◽  
Smart E. Otu ◽  
Gilbert C. Aro ◽  
Ikechukwu Charles Akor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Organizational Justice ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Mediating Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship

Organizational commitment is an imperative aspect of occupational attitudes as it signals employees’ willingness to stay with their organization and effectively achieve collective goals. Although recent studies have assessed factors influencing police officers’ organizational commitment, very little is known about the antecedents of police commitment in African countries. Based on a survey of Nigerian police officers, the study assesses the linkage between organizational justice and organizational commitment directly and indirectly through organizational trust and job satisfaction. Structural equation modeling (SEM) indicates that the relationship between organizational justice and organizational commitment is principally indirect through the mediating mechanisms of supervisory trustworthiness and job satisfaction. Officers who express greater organizational justice report higher trust in their management and supervisors and, subsequently, stronger job satisfaction, leading to higher organizational commitment. Implications for future research and policy are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document