scholarly journals Heterochronic origin of spherical fusulinid foraminifera in the late Paleozoic

Paleobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Yukun Shi
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Late Paleozoic ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Morphological Novelty ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Developmental Age ◽  
Ontogenetic Trajectory ◽  
Ancestral States ◽  
Hard Structures

Abstract Heterochrony describes acceleration, displacement, and/or retardation of descendants’ development events compared with ancestral states and has often been cited as an important process to bring about morphological novelty. It was coined one-and-a-half centuries ago and has been discussed by both paleobiologists and biologists frequently ever since. Many types of fossil organisms preserve aspects of their development histories in their bones or shells that have been used for heterochrony analyses, with body size being used as a developmental age indicator, despite questions being raised regarding this practice. For organisms whose hard structures consist of multiple chambers, or that contain growth lines, age information suggested by these structures independently can facilitate ontogenetic modeling. In this way, relations among size, shape, and age can be established to document patterns of morphological development. Morphological analysis of pseudoschwagerine fusulinids, a fossil foraminifera group that developed a morphologically novel spherical shell, along with their presumptive triticitid ancestors illustrates this approach to heterochrony analysis. Ontogenetic trajectory comparisons of four major pseudoschwagerine genera, as well as those of triticitids, document relations between their shapes, sizes, and developmental ages. A complex of heterochronic patterns, including peramorphic predisplacement, hypermorphosis, and acceleration, characterize pseudoschwagerine development and appear to be responsible for the novel appearance of large, inflated fusiform and spherical tests in these late Paleozoic benthic foraminifera. The morphometric approach employed in this investigation could be applied widely in the quantitative morphological studies of development histories in a variety of other fossil groups.

scholarly journals Influence of Nanoparticles Reinforcements on Aluminium 6061 Alloys Fabricated via Novel Ultrasonic Aided Rheo-Squeeze Casting Method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Arunkumar ◽  
Velmurugan Pavanan ◽  
Vijay Anand Murugesan ◽  
V. Mohanavel ◽  
Karthikeyan Ramachandran
Keyword(s):  
Squeeze Casting ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Thermal Studies ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Agglomeration Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Disperse Nanoparticles

Abstract This study emphasis on a novel fabrication technique to fabricate hybrid cermets using Al 6061 alloy with nano sized SiC, Al2O3 and TiO2 as reinforcements. During the fabrication process, the melted pool was ultrasonicated to disperse nanoparticles at 20 kHz for 5 min and pressure of 50 MPa was applied to eliminate voids. The influence of nanoparticles on physical, thermal and mechanical properties were evaluated by tensile, wear and thermal studies. Cermets with Al2O3 reinforcements showed higher mechanical performance compared to Al alloy. This enhancement could be related to the uniform distribution of Al2O3 with refinement in grain size of Al alloy which was observed via surface analysis. The morphological studies provided justifiable evidence of homogeneous distribution, nominal cluster along with agglomeration and cavities shrinking on the cermets. The agglomeration of nanoparticles along with SiC protected the cermet in corrosion and abrasive wear by ~ 97% and ~ 71%. The study evidenced the novel fabrication method using ultrasonic rheo-squeeze casting led to improvement in mechanical and thermal properties of the hybrid cermets. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Morphological and molecular identifications of three native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi isolated from the rhizosphere of Elaeis guineensis and Jatropha curcas in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Viva Rini ◽  
Fitri Yelli ◽  
Darwin Leonardo Tambunan ◽  
Inggar Damayanti
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Morphological Studies

Abstract. Rini MV, Yelli F, Tambunan DL, Damayanti I. 2021. Morphological and molecular identifications of three native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi isolated from the rhizosphere of Elaeis guineensis and Jatropha curcas in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4940-4947. Molecular analysis has been widely used to provide more accurate identification within arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species than identification based on morphology. However, morphological analysis is essential for a basic preliminary of classification studies. Therefore, a study is needed to complete the identification of AMF isolates through morphological and molecular analyses. This research used three AMF isolates, namely MV 5, MV 17, and MV 18, which were isolated from Indonesian agricultural land. Spore-based taxonomy (shape, size, color, ornamentation, PVLG, and Melzer’s reaction) and fungal colonization on roots of maize trap plants were employed for the morphological studies. AMF species identification was performed using molecular analysis through nested-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to amplify a fragment of SSU rRNA followed by sequencing and phylogenetic tree construction. Morphological analysis showed that MV 5 had spores borne from the neck of the sporiferous saccule, MV 17 was found to have a bulbous suspensor without a germination shield, and MV 18 had spores borne from subtending hyphae. The SSUR rRNA analysis revealed that MV 5, MV 15, and MV 18 were identified as Acaulospora longula, Gigaspora margarita, and Glomus etunicatum, respectively. Both morphological and molecular methods demonstrated reliable and consistent results that complement AMF taxonomy studies.

scholarly journals Novel Keratinolytic Activity of Cyberlindnera fabianii Nrc3 Aza as A Plant Growth Promoting Agent (PGPA)

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azza M. Abdel-fattah ◽  
EL-Shahat H. A. Nashy ◽  
El-Tahir A. Sabiel ◽  
Manal M. Hussien ◽  
Ahmed S. Attia
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Keratinolytic Activity ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Feather Waste ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Keratinase Enzyme

Two field experiments had been conducted in Nubaria sandy soil, Behaira Governate, Egypt to show the effect of keratinase enzyme produced by the novel microbial isolate (Cyberlindnera fabianii NRC3 Aza) on plants.The trials had been conducted in the two successive summer seasons (2011/2012 and 2012/2013) to show the effect of keratinase enzyme from degraded feather–waste on the morphology and chemical composition of peas pods (Pisumsativum L.)–family Fabaceae (Leguminasae). In 2011/2012 season, only the chemical analysis of the dried powdered beads was studied. In 2012/2013 season, the morphological studies of the yield were considered beside the chemical ones. The results depicted significant effects of the sprayed enzyme (keratinase) on peas as plant growth promoting agent (PGPA), compared with the blank (sprayed with water). Electrophoreses and amino acid analysis were carried out for the characterization of the partial pure keratinase enzyme. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(4): 609-618

A new crenobiontic water mite species of the genus Atractides Koch, 1837 from Montenegro and Bulgaria, based on morphological and molecular data (Acariformes, Hydrachnidia, Hygrobatidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1889-1900
Author(s):  
Vladimir Pešić ◽  
Andrzej Zawal ◽  
Aleksandra Bańkowska ◽  
Milica Jovanović ◽  
Miroslawa Dabert
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Mtdna Coi ◽  
Coi Sequences ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
A New Species

A new species of water mites from Montenegro and Bulgaria, Atractides anae Pešić sp. nov., is described, combining traditional morphological techniques with the analysis of partial mtDNA COI sequences (DNA-barcodes). Based on our molecular and morphological analysis, the new species is most closely related to the crenobiontic A. pennatus (K. Viets 1920) from which it differs by 6.4 (SD = 1.12)% K2P distance. A dataset including the novel COI sequences of 10 Atractides species from Montenegro and Iran is assembled in order to facilitate further studies on the genus by using molecular tools.

Morphological Features and Markedness in the Old French Noun Declension

1987 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas C. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Old French ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
General Properties ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Adjectival Inflection

In the evolution of morphological studies, morphological features and markedness have come to play increasingly important rôles. Feature notation in morphology allows the development of the notion of natural morphological class, renders explicit much of the internal structure of paradigms and permits the exploitation, suitably adapted, of many of the results obtained in phonology. Markedness considerations, particularly when linked to general theories of morphology, again highlight morphological structure, constrain the variety of permitted analyses, and indicate, at least in part, the expected direction of historical change. In the sections to follow, I will present an analysis of Old French nominal and adjectival inflection which makes key use of morphological features and the differences between the marked and unmarked values of these features. This study will be particularly concerned with constraining the morphological analysis of Old French and conversely, with using Old French data to investigate more general properties of morphological systems.

Morphological studies on renewable castor oil-based nanocomposites with modified clay and MWCNTs as fillers

2020 ◽  
pp. 096739112093524
Author(s):  
Anupama Mogha ◽  
Anupama Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Commercial Applications

This research presents an analysis of castor oil-based polymer nanocomposites that can be used for numerous commercial applications. Due to the versatile chemical structure of castor oil, it can replace the petrochemical products and hence can be optimized as nontoxic bioresource for the production of nanocomposites with the incorporation of nanofillers in small quantities. It can be directly used as polyol resource without any chemical alteration for synthesis of polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites. The prepared PU nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, wide angle X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and mechanical properties. The compositional and structural studies indicate the formation of PU linkages and well dispersion of clay and multiwalled carbon nanotubes between the polymer–nanofiller phase, as shown by the morphological analysis using TEM. Also, there is an increase in the tensile strength and Young’s modulus values with the increase in the filler content.

Development of sexual characters in the cave shrimp genus Troglocaris (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) and their applicability in taxonomy

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2488 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
JURE JUGOVIC ◽  
SIMONA PREVORČNIK ◽  
BORIS SKET
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
The Past ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Age And Sex

In most Atyidae species, male pleopods I–II are specifically shaped in adults. In some species, the same holds true for male pereopods III–V. Due to the age and sex-dependent morphology of these structures, which are presumably used during mating, certain taxonomic mistakes in species diagnoses and identifications have occurred in the past. We studied the morphological development of these appendages in males of the cave shrimp Troglocaris (Troglocaris) planinensis Birštejn, 1948 (= W-Slo phylogroup by Zakšek et al. 2009). In addition, we examined the ontogeny of these structures in males and females from other phylogroups of the subgenus Troglocaris Dormitzer, as well as in the subgenera Spelaeocaris Matjašič, 1956 and Troglocaridella Babić, 1922. Multivariate Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) on males from the subgenus Troglocaris, confirmed the division of late ontogenetic development into sequential phases. The results indicate that in atyids (1) only mature specimens should be considered when searching for reliable morphological differences between closely related species, (2) pleopods and pereopods show diverse differentiation between taxa, preventing the reliable ascertainment of maturity at all times, (3) body size is often not a reliable indicator of maturity, (4) generally, only very rich samples ensure the presence of the fully mature males that are needed for adequate morphological studies.

scholarly journals Comparative leaf morphological analysis of 20 species of Chrysobalanaceae

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Melo CORRÊA ◽  
Veridiana Vizoni SCUDELLER ◽  
Maria Gracimar Pacheco de ARAÚJO
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Description Language ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Vegetative Traits

Morphological studies focusing on vegetative traits are useful in identifying species when fertile material is not available. The aim of this study was to assess the application of comparative leaf morphology to identify species of the Chrysobalanaceae family. The morphological observations were made with a stereomicroscope. We used the diaphanization technique for viewing venation details. It is shown the descriptions of the leaf morphology, illustrations and an identification key for 20 species from genera Couepia, Licania and Parinari (Chrysobalanaceae) occurring in the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve, Manaus, AM, Brazil. The key was constructed using the DELTA (DEscription Language for TAxonomy) software. Leaf traits such as the presence of intersecondary venation and the type of insertion of secondary veins were recorded for each species. These morphological leaf traits are reliable for identifying species of Chrysobalanaceae

scholarly journals INTELEKTUAL ARENA PADA KKPK NEW BESTIES KARYA ORYZA SATIVA APRIYANI

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Rizky Dian Merpati
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Children's Literature ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Developmental Age ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
At Home

Children's literature can be said that a literary work isinnya appropriate language and developmental age and the child's life, both written by authors who are already adults, adolescents or children themselves. The literary work is not only in the form of poetry and prose, but also the form of drama. This study examines the intellectual arena in the novel "New Besties work Oryza Sativa Apriyani". Data obtained by the intellectual arena in school and at home experienced by Dhilla figures. This study uses a sociological approach. This type of research is qualitative descriptive study. The technique used to collect data that is read engineering and technical notes.

scholarly journals The Morphological Analysis of Derivational Suffixes in the Novel the Fault in Our Stars

HUMANIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Indriasari Yuniar Putri ◽  
I Nyoman Aryawibawa ◽  
Yana Qomariana
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Morphological Process ◽  
Word Classes ◽  
Interesting Story ◽  
Undergraduate Thesis

The title of this undergraduate thesis is The Morphological Process of Derivational Suffixes in the novel “The Fault in Our Stars”. This study focuses on words with derivational suffixes; the use of derivational suffixes causes a change in the meaning of word. The data of this study were taken from the novel “The Fault in Our Stars”. This novel has an interesting story and contains words with derivational suffixes. The data were collected by observing and reading the novel intensively. The data were grouped based on word classes and were analyzed for any change in meaning. This thesis applies the theory of Morphology proposed by Plag (2002). This theory is used to analyze words with suffixes and to know about change in meaning of the word using derivational suffixes. The result of this analysis shows that 226 words contain nominal suffixes, 171 words contain adjectival suffixes, 170 words contain adverbial suffixes and 2 words contain verbal suffixes.

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