Economic Voting under Coalition Governments: Evidence from Germany

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Debus ◽  
Mary Stegmaier ◽  
Jale Tosun
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Economic Voting ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Coalition Governments ◽  
Coalition Politics ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
German Parliament ◽  
Election Studies ◽  
The Impact

This article analyzes the impact of economic voting in federal elections for the German parliament. It combines theories of coalition politics and cabinet decision making—like prime ministerial government, collective cabinet decision making and ministerial discretion—with theoretical approaches on voting behavior to test which cabinet actor voters reward for improved economic conditions. The empirical results, which are based on data from German national election studies from 1987–2009, show that the party of the chancellor (and, thus, the strongest coalition party) benefits most from a positive evaluation of economic policy outcomes. There is, however, no consistent empirical evidence that the coalition parties collectively benefit from perceived positive economic performance. Therefore the findings demonstrate that economic voting occurs in German parliamentary elections, but is targeted specifically toward the chancellor's party.

The Impact of Candidates’ Negative Traits on Vote Choice in New Democracies: A Test Based on Presidential Elections in South Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-228
Author(s):  
HeeMin Kim ◽  
Jungho Roh
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
New Democracies ◽  
Personal Traits ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Election Studies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Western Democracies

The impact of candidates’ negative traits (CNTs) on voting behavior has received significant attention in election studies in recent decades. However, scholarly efforts have focused primarily on elections in advanced Western democracies, largely overlooking the relationship between candidates’ personal traits and the electorate’s voting behaviors in the context of new democracies. In this study, we fill this gap by investigating the impact of CNTs on the electorate’s vote choices in South Korean presidential elections. Our study of CNTs in South Korea shows that CNTs have statistically significant effects on the electorate’s vote choices. Our findings are particularly relevant because many new democracies are implementing fair and free elections, and the elites under previous authoritarian regimes are running in these elections.

scholarly journals Congressional Decision Making and the Separation of Powers

2001 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Formal Model ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Roll Call ◽  
Decision Context ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Strategic Model

To what extent does the separation of powers affect congressional roll call voting behavior? To answer this question, I offer a strategic model of congressional decision making that asserts members of Congress pursue public policy goals when casting roll call votes. From the equilibrium predictions of a formal model, I generate testable hypotheses by computing the expected net amount of sophisticated (nonsincere) congressional behavior given changes in decision context. I test the predictions of the theoretical model with data from all civil rights roll call votes from the 83d to the 102d Congress. The results demonstrate that both the other legislative chamber and the Supreme Court profoundly constrain House members and senators when casting roll call votes. This is strong evidence of the importance of policy outcomes to members of Congress when voting on the floor.

scholarly journals Przezwyciężanie kryzysu w procesie integracji europejskiej poprzez zmiany regulacji dotyczących udziału obywateli UE w podejmowaniu i realizacji decyzji

2015 ◽  
pp. 64-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Witkowska
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
The Public ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of citizen participation-enabling mechanisms in the EU decision-making process on the legitimacy of the Union. The inquiry measures and categorises participation in the EU, utilising the analytic instruments developed in existing theoretical approaches. The research problem is the evaluation of conditions created in the EU for active participation in the public life for their potential of overcoming the crisis in the European integration process. The aim of the study has been accomplished in two stages. First, the legislative process in the EU has been presented, with law-making and implementation phases distinguished. Second, the different kinds of participation in the EU have been categorised and their intensity described. The categorisation is adapted from the distinction made by W. Tegtmeier. The author is testing the hypothesis that the multitude of modes of engaging citizens in the decision making process in the EU confirms the Union’s legitimacy. She concludes that citizen participation in the decision-making at the EU level could potentially positively contribute to the process of overcoming the crisis of democracy in the EU.

Military Experience and Elite Decision-Making: Self-Selection, Socialization, and the Vietnam Draft Lottery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle L Lupton
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Roll Call ◽  
Military Experience ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Draft Lottery ◽  
Vietnam Draft ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Scholars across international relations (IR) debate the role military experience plays in elite decision-making. I argue there are two critical problems with this debate. First, it fails to adequately consider the underlying mechanisms linking military service to elite policy preferences. Second, it narrowly focuses on the use of force and largely ignores other ways in which military experience may shape elite behavior. I employ vulnerability to the Vietnam draft lottery to disentangle the impact of two key mechanisms linking military service to elite preferences: self-selection and socialization. I compare the foreign and defense policy roll call votes of Members of Congress (MCs) in the House of Representatives across the 94th–113th Congresses who were eligible for the draft and served in the military to those who were eligible for the draft but did not serve. I find significant differences in the roll call voting behavior between these groups, particularly on issues associated with arming and defense budget restrictions, as well as broader oversight of the military. These effects are heightened for MCs who served on active duty, in the military longer, and in combat, providing strong support for socialization effects. My study carries implications for civil–military relations, elite decision-making, and the study of leaders in IR.

Local Economic Voting and the Agricultural Boom in Argentina, 2007–2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Mangonnet ◽  
María Victoria Murillo ◽  
Julia María Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Economic Voting ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Spatial Econometric ◽  
Agricultural Prices ◽  
Electoral Outcomes ◽  
National Tax ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis article investigates the effect of local economic conditions on voting behavior by focusing on the export-oriented agricultural areas of Argentina during the commodities boom. It assesses the marginal effect of export wealth on electoral outcomes by studying the impact of soybean production, the main Argentine export product during this period. The combination of rising agricultural prices and a salient national tax on exports allows us to evaluate how wealth and tax policy shape local electoral behavior. This study relies on a spatial econometric analysis of the vote across Argentine departments for the 2007–15 period, along with qualitative evidence from interviews and a descriptive analysis of government appointments.

Croatia: Strong Prime Ministers and Weak Coalitions

2021 ◽  
pp. 640-679
Author(s):  
Dario Nikic Čakar
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
New Parties ◽  
Prime Ministers ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Coalition Governments ◽  
Internal Conflicts ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Coalition Politics ◽  
Governance Model ◽  
Major Transformation

Since regaining its independence in 1991, Croatia experienced major transformation of constitutional and political system in 2000, when illiberal semi-presidential rule was replaced with functional parliamentary democracy. These changes also established a new pattern of executive politics, with coalition governments as a norm. Furthermore, in the post-2000 period the prime ministerial government was established as the dominant governance model, with prime ministers taking over the leading role in coalition politics. Building on this notion, this chapter identifies several major features of coalition governance in Croatia: very general and rather brief coalition agreements without written rules on cabinet decision-making and on how to resolve internal conflicts; an informal and personalized way of handling conflicts between coalition parties; the dominant position of the prime minister and limited ministerial autonomy; and the policy and personnel conflicts between coalition parties as the main reason for cabinet termination. Thus, similarly to some other countries in Central Eastern Europe region, all three stages of coalition governance in Croatia are heavily dominated by top party leaders and particularly prime ministers, thus creating the patterns of informal and personalized coalition decision-making. The prime ministerial dominance is reflected in weak coalition arrangements, with very limited coordination established between coalition parties and the lack of broader conflict resolution mechanisms, which makes coalition cabinets especially fragile and unstable, particularly when challenged by the inclusion of new parties in government.

ENTREPRENEURIAL ALERTNESS AND PAYING ATTENTION

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVE VALLIERE
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Strategic Management ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Entrepreneurial Alertness ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

This article uses theoretical approaches from cognitive psychology to examine the basis for entrepreneurial alertness and to connect it to existing theories of attention in strategic management and decision-making. It thereby provides a theoretical basis for understanding how entrepreneurial alertness leads the individual to pay attention to new opportunities. A model is developed to show how attention and entrepreneurial alertness work together to support the recognition or creation of opportunities. Entrepreneurial alertness is believed to be a manifestation of differences in the schemata and cognitive frameworks that individuals use to make sense of changes in the environment. This suggests that entrepreneurial alertness mediates the impact of observed phenomena upon the situated attention of individual decision-makers.

Strategic Intelligence and Foreign Policy

1974 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Howe Ransom
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Strategic Intelligence ◽  
Policy Decision Making ◽  
The Impact

Strategic intelligence, die evaluated informational product of intelligence bureaucracies, is a potentially important element in foreign policy decision making. But the role and impact of intelligence reports are very difficult to analyze, because of bodi secrecy and conceptual or definitional problems. Some new light is shed by a number of recent books, in three categories: essentially uncritical works by former insiders, muckraking exposes, and historical case studies. Collectively, these books improve our understanding of the variables that condition the impact of strategic intelligence on policy, or they illuminate die policy and bureaucratic context of intelligence activities. But only one of the recent books has a theoretical thrust. Great need remains, and opportunities exist, to move toward better dieoretical understanding of intelligence, or at least toward inproved information about when, how, or whether intelligence activities or reports have measurable impact on foreign policy decision making and policy outcomes in world politics.

Quota Women Are Threatening to Men

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klea Faniko ◽  
Till Burckhardt ◽  
Oriane Sarrasin ◽  
Fabio Lorenzi-Cioldi ◽  
Siri Øyslebø Sørensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Preferential Treatment ◽  
Public Sector Employees ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Women In Decision Making ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Two studies carried out among Albanian public-sector employees examined the impact of different types of affirmative action policies (AAPs) on (counter)stereotypical perceptions of women in decision-making positions. Study 1 (N = 178) revealed that participants – especially women – perceived women in decision-making positions as more masculine (i.e., agentic) than feminine (i.e., communal). Study 2 (N = 239) showed that different types of AA had different effects on the attribution of gender stereotypes to AAP beneficiaries: Women benefiting from a quota policy were perceived as being more communal than agentic, while those benefiting from weak preferential treatment were perceived as being more agentic than communal. Furthermore, we examined how the belief that AAPs threaten men’s access to decision-making positions influenced the attribution of these traits to AAP beneficiaries. The results showed that men who reported high levels of perceived threat, as compared to men who reported low levels of perceived threat, attributed more communal than agentic traits to the beneficiaries of quotas. These findings suggest that AAPs may have created a backlash against its beneficiaries by emphasizing gender-stereotypical or counterstereotypical traits. Thus, the framing of AAPs, for instance, as a matter of enhancing organizational performance, in the process of policy making and implementation, may be a crucial tool to countering potential backlash.

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