Association of Twin Zygosity With the Mean and Variance of Tooth Size

1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosario H. Yap Potter ◽  
Pao-lo Yu ◽  
Joe C. Christian
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variance ◽  
T Test ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
F Test ◽  
Sex Influence ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Variance Estimates

To search for an association of twin zygosity with tooth size, 56 dental variables measured from 65 pairs of twins (43 MZ, 22 DZ) were studied. Results of the t′ test for equality of the means showed no association of zygosity with any of the variables in males or in females. Results of the F′ test for homogeneity of total variances between zygosities showed evidence for unequal total variances in 15 variables in males and 13 in females. Sex influence was further noted on the association of zygosity with the variance of tooth size. Where total variances were unequal, genetic variance estimates differed when only the within-pair mean squares were used and when combined estimates designed to be unbiased by differences in environmental variances were used.

On Describing an Incidence Sample

1982 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwyneth M. Boodoo
Keyword(s):  
Variance Components ◽  
Generalizability Theory ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Eighth Grade ◽  
Eighth Grade Students ◽  
Competency Based ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Variance Estimates

Parameters used to describe an incidence sample are estimated using the theory of generalized symmetric means and generalizability theory. The former is used to compute estimates of the mean and variance components in an ANOVA framework, while the latter is used in obtaining generalizability coefficients. Standard errors of the variance estimates are obtained. The procedure is illustrated using data from two competency-based tests given to eighth grade students in mathematics and reading.

scholarly journals THE RELIABILITY OF THE BOLTON RATIO WHEN APPLIED TO THE INDONESIAN POPULATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Joko Kusnoto
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Crown Width ◽  
Indonesian Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anterior Ratio ◽  
Overall Ratio ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

  Objective: The objective of this study is to determine whether Bolton ratio can be applied clinically to the Indonesian population and to determine a more suitable Bolton ratio for the Indonesian population.Methods: This study was conducted on 120 readily available study models of treated cases comprising 37 males and 83 females. Two investigators separately measured the mesiodistal crown width of maxillary and mandibular tooth on each study model using sliding calipers. According to Bolton’s method, the overall and anterior ratios from each sample were calculated and the mean was generated. Using Student’s t-test with a 95% confidence interval, the investigators compared whether there is a significant difference between the ratio from Bolton’s samples and the ratio from the Indonesian samples.Results: The result of this study showed that, for Indonesian samples, the overall ratio is 89.7±2.05, while the anterior ratio is 76.4±2.76. Student’s t-test showed that there is a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the results of this study and that of Bolton’s study for both the anterior and overall ratios.Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is a difference between Indonesian population and Caucasian population in tooth size and Bolton ratio value. Therefore, original Bolton ratio value cannot be used as an accurate diagnostic tool for Indonesian population.

Sex Differences in Genetic Determinants of Craniofacial Variations - A Study Based on Twin Kinships

1998 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Heterogeneity Of Variance ◽  
Variance Ratios ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Variance Estimates

AbstractRace, sex, nutritional status and cultural factors affect craniofacial morphogenesis. Out of these, sex is a major factor in craniofacial differentiation, because it can be stronger in one ethnic group and weaker in another. In this study, sex differences in genetic variance and heritability of 13 craniofacial traits are investigated. The study is based on a sample of 45 MZ and 101 DZ twin pairs and their 125 singleton siblings, 104 fathers and 103 mothers in 146 families drawn from an urban population of Chandigarh. Results of t'-tests for equality of the means reveal association of zygosity with the mean value of bigonial diameter in female twins and for none in males. Heterogeneity of variance is observed in about 50% traits in females as compared to 15% in males. This invalidates conventional within-pair genetic variance estimates for these traits. The revised genetic variance ratios are higher on an average in males than in females. However, there is greater MZ environmental covariance in male twins than their female counterparts. Family data indicate higher maternal effect for ear height, nasal height and frontal breadth, while greater paternal effect is seen in cranial traits. Sex-wise midparent-child regression coefficients show greater heritability in daughters for nasal traits and bigonial breadth, while sons show higher genetic component for head size measures.

scholarly journals On the distribution of the mean and variance of a quantitative trait under mutation-selection-drift balance.

Genetics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 901-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Bürger ◽  
R Lande
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Stochastic Simulations ◽  
Stabilizing Selection ◽  
Phenotypic Evolution ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The distributions of the mean phenotype and of the genetic variance of a polygenic trait under a balance between mutation, stabilizing selection and genetic drift are investigated. This is done by stochastic simulations in which each individual and each gene are represented. The results are compared with theoretical predictions. Some aspects of the existing theories for the evolution of quantitative traits are discussed. The maintenance of genetic variance and the average dynamics of phenotypic evolution in finite populations (with Ne &lt; 1000) are generally simpler than those suggested by some recent deterministic theories for infinite populations.

Intrinsic Organization of Serial Lists

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald R. Miller
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
F Test ◽  
Entire List ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Perfect Trial

Twenty-four Ss learned four 12-item serial lists. One list was composed of consonants, another of numbers, another of 6 numbers followed by 6 consonants, and another of 3 numbers followed by 3 consonants followed by 3 names of months followed by 3 color names. S saw the entire list and then responded orally. The criterion was one perfect trial. By a Duncan Multiple-range F test every mean was different from each other mean ( p < .05). In another experiment 16 Ss learned 2 lists (each containing 4 categories of items). In one list the members of the categories were grouped together; in the other they were not. The mean number of trials to criterion was different by a t test ( p < .001).

scholarly journals Quantifying superspreading for COVID-19 using Poisson mixture distributions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Kremer ◽  
Andrea Torneri ◽  
Sien Boesmans ◽  
Hanne Meuwissen ◽  
Selina Verdonschot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Mixture Distributions ◽  
Infectious Individual ◽  
Transmission Process ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
Variance Estimates ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe number of secondary cases, i.e. the number of new infections generated by an infectious individual, is an important parameter for the control of infectious diseases. When individual variation in disease transmission is present, like for COVID-19, the distribution of the number of secondary cases is skewed and often modeled using a negative binomial distribution. However, this may not always be the best distribution to describe the underlying transmission process. We propose the use of three other offspring distributions to quantify heterogeneity in transmission, and we assess the possible bias in estimates of the mean and variance of this distribution when the data generating distribution is different from the one used for inference. We also analyze COVID-19 data from Hong Kong, India, and Rwanda, and quantify the proportion of cases responsible for 80% of transmission, $$p_{80\%}$$ p 80 % , while acknowledging the variation arising from the assumed offspring distribution. In a simulation study, we find that variance estimates may be biased when there is a substantial amount of heterogeneity, and that selection of the most accurate distribution from a set of distributions is important. In addition we find that the number of secondary cases for two of the three COVID-19 datasets is better described by a Poisson-lognormal distribution.

scholarly journals Testing The Mean For Business Data: Should One Use The Z-Test, T-Test, F-Test, The Chi-Square Test, Or The P-Value Method?

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajuan Liang ◽  
William S. Pan
Keyword(s):  
Categorical Data ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
F Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
P Values ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Two Populations

In testing the mean of a population or comparing the means from two populations. There are several statistics available: the t-test, z-test, F-test and the chi-square test. Both the t-test and the z-test are usually used for continuous populations, and the chi-square test is used for categorical data. The F-test is used for comparing more than two means. In this paper we will discuss: 1) the conditions on using these tests; 2) the relationship among these test; and 3) illustration of the p-values of these tests by graphs. Some concluding remarks will be provided.

PENGARUH KOMPETENSI, MOTIVASI, DAN KOMUNIKASI TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA DINAS PEKERJAAN UMUM DAN PENATAAN RUANG KABUPATEN BANDUNG BARAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Lydia Novi Yanti
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
T Test ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
F Test ◽  
Simultaneous Test

This research is conducted in order to assess the effect of competency, motivation, and communication on employee’s performance (case studies at Dinas Pekerjaan Umum dan Penataan Ruang West Bandung Regency) partially and simultaneously. There are many factors that affect the employee’s performance, but this research is only limited to the factors of competency, motivation, and communication. The researcher used primary and secondary data. The research approach used is quantitative approach which the samples are 55 civil servants which is assessed by 5 Heads of Fields and 2 Heads Sub-Division. Before analyzing, all research validity and reliability instruments are examined. After the data are valid and reliable then analyzed by using classical assumption test, partial test (t test), and simultaneous test (F test) helping by IBM SPSS version 23 software. The result of analysis showed that competency, motivation, and communication variables are affected positively significantly and partially to the employee’s performance. Competency, motivation, and communication variables simultaneously affected positively and significantly about 54,3% and the rest is about 45,7% affected by other variable that is not observed in this research.  

PENINGKATAN KUALITAS HIDUP MELALUI LOGOTERAPI PADA KLIEN YANG MENJALANI HEMODIALISIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Abdul Wakhid ◽  
Ana Puji Astuti ◽  
Maya Kurnia Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean

Logoterapi merupakan terapi untuk menemukan makna positif dibalik sebuah kejadian yang tidak diharapkan. Logoterapi dilaksanakan secara individu maupun berkelompok dalam bentuk konseling dan berorientasi pada pencarian makna hidup individu. Tujuan logoterapi meningkatkan makna pengalaman hidup individu yang diarahkan kepada pengambilan keputusan yang bertanggung jawab. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan pre-experiment dengan metode pre and post test group, artinya pengumpulan data dilakukan terhadap responden untuk membandingkan kualitas hidup sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan intervensi. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode total sampling yaitu pengambilan seluruh sampel dengan tetap memperhatikan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan. Jumlah pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis di RSUD Ungaran sebanyak 21 orang dan di RSUD Ambarawa sebanyak 25 pasien. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji t test dependent. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa dari 46 responden didapatkan rata-rata skor kualitas hidup pasien yang mejalani hemodialisis sebesar 60.22 dengan skor terrendah 55 dan skor tertinggi 69. Bahwa dari 46 responden didapatkan rata-rata skor kualitas hidup pasien yang mejalani hemodialisis sebesar 88.72 dengan skor terrendah 79 dan skor tertinggi 103. Hasil uji statistik dengan uji t test dependent diketahui ada pengaruh logoterapi terhadap kemampuan memaknai hidup pada klien yang menjalani hemodialisis di RSUD Kabupaten Semarang (p value: 0,0001). Saran perlunya peningkatan kemampuan perawat dalam memberikan layanan kesehatan termasuk pemberian atau pemanduan penemuan makna hidup bagi pasien hemodialysis, agar selain dengan hemodialysis, ada faktor internal dari pasien yang dapat dijadikan sebagai motivasi untuk sembuh dari penyakit.   Kata Kunci: Logoterapi, kualitas hidup   IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH RENAL FAILURE WHO UNDERWENT HEMODIALYSIS   ABSTRACT Logotherapy is a therapy to discover the positive meaning behind an unexpected event. Logotherapy is carried out individually or in groups in the form of counseling and oriented to the search for the meaning of individual life. This study aims to improve the quality of life of patients with renal failure who underwent hemodialysis. This research was conducted by using pre-experiment with pre-post test study. The sampling technique was done by the convenience sampling. The number of patients undergoing hemodialysis as many as 46 respondents. Data analysis was done by using test t test dependent. The result showed that from 46 respondents got the mean of quality of life of patients who had hemodialysis 60.22 with lowest score 55 and highest score 69. Whereas from 46 respondents got the mean score of life quality of patients who had hemodialysis 88.72 with score the lowest score 79 and the highest score 103. The result of statistical test with t test dependent is known there is influence of logoterapi to the ability of meaningful life on client who undergo hemodialysis at Semarang Regency hospitals (p value: 0.0001). Advice on the need to improve the nurse's ability to provide health services, including the provision or guidance of the discovery of the meaning of life for hemodialysis patients, in addition to hemodialysis, there are internal factors of the patient that can be used as a motivation to recover from illness.   Keywords: Logotherapy, quality of life, kidney failure.  

PENGARUH LEVERAGE, LIKUIDITAS, DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS (STUDI KASUS PADA PERUSAHAAN SUB SECTOR REAL ESTATE AND PROPERTY DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2015-2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingkan Saraswati
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
T Test ◽  
Company Size ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
F Test ◽  
Sample Technique ◽  
A Company

Profitabilitya has significance for theecompany because it is one of the bases for evaluating the condition of a company. The level off profitability describes the ecompany's performance as seen from the company's ability to generate profits. Profitability in this study is calculated by return on assets (ROA) because it can show how the company's performance is nseenn from the overall use of assets owned by the company in generating profits. Thissstudyyaims to examine the leverage, liquidity, and size off thee company yaffect the eprofitability. The ssampling ttechniqueu used in this study wass purposivee samplingg, which issaa sample technique ethat uses certain ncriteria.. There earee16 companies ethat are sampled in this sstudy.mThe nanalysiss techniquee usedd is multiplee linearr regressionn using SPSS version 22. Multiplee linear regression analysis susess the eclassicc assumption ntest, nincluding mthe nnormality ntest, multicollonityy test,,heteroscedasticityytest,, and dautocorrelationn test.m Tootestttheevariablessused theecoefficient of determination test, t-test, f-test. The results of this study indicate that there is no significant effect on the variable leverage on profitability. Liquidity hass a positivee effectt onn profitability. There eis snoo significantt effectt off thee Company Size variablee on nthee profitability variable..

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