Potential of reducing the environmental impact of aviation by using hydrogen Part III: Optimum cruising altitude and airport implications

2006 ◽  
Vol 110 (1110) ◽  
pp. 553-565
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Liquid Hydrogen ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Engine Design ◽  
Aero Engine ◽  
Airport Infrastructure ◽  
Cost Implications ◽  
The Cost

AbstractThe main objective of the paper is to evaluate the potential of reducing the environmental impact of civil subsonic aviation by using hydrogen fuel. The paper is divided into three parts of which this is Part III. In Part I the background, prospects and challenges of introducing an alternative fuel in aviation were outlined. The aero engine design when using hydrogen was covered in Part II. In this paper, Part III, the subjects of optimum cruising altitude and airport implications of introducing liquid hydrogen-fuelled aircraft are raised.For minimum global warming, the results of a preliminary analysis associated with large uncertainties suggest that cryoplanes should cruise at an altitude of about 2-3km below where conventional aircraft cruise today. Ignoring the cost implications, from an airport infrastructure point of view, it seems feasible to change to hydrogen use. With respect to the availability of energy, it would be reasonable to change from kerosene to liquid hydrogen as fuel for all civil aviation refuelling in Sweden.

Potential of reducing the environmental impact of aviation by using hydrogen Part II: Aero gas turbine design

2006 ◽  
Vol 110 (1110) ◽  
pp. 541-552
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Technical Point ◽  
Engine Design ◽  
Aero Engine ◽  
Turbine Design

Abstract The main objective of the paper is to evaluate the potential of reducing the environmental impact of civil subsonic aviation by using hydrogen fuel. The paper is divided into three parts of which this is Part II. In Part I the background, prospects and challenges of introducing an alternative fuel in aviation were outlined. In this paper, Part II, the aero engine design when using hydrogen is covered. The subjects of optimum cruising altitude and airport implications of introducing liquid hydrogen-fuelled aircraft are raised in Part III. The study shows that burning hydrogen in an aero gas turbine seems to be feasible from a technical point of view. If the priority is to lower the mission fuel consumption, the results indicate that an engine employing increased combustor outlet temperature, overall pressure ratio and by-pass ratio, seems to be the most attractive choice. The mission NOx emissions, on the other hand, seem to be reduced by using engines with a weak core and lowered by-pass ratio.

scholarly journals An Economic and Financial Analysis of Chennai, Kolkata and Ahmedabad Airports in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 7904-7909
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Cost Benefits ◽  
The World ◽  
Airport Infrastructure ◽  
The Cost

There is vigorous growth of air traffic in India in the last decade. The passenger air traffic has increased by more than 10 per cent annually during this time. As per the report of Airbus Global Market Forecast (2016-35), domestic air traffic in India is supposed to increase by fivefold in coming decade. The air traffic movement is also increasing at rapid rate globally which is increasing at the rate of 5.7 % per annum in the last decade whereas the World GDP growth in the corresponding period was only 2.6%. The passenger transport in the last decade has increased by 1.47 billion at the global level. As per the report of International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), India has experienced a double digit growth rate of 15.7 per cent in passenger traffic and 9.0 per cent growth rate in freight traffic which is much higher than GDP growth rate of India. The heavy air traffic in India is evident from the India’s revenue passenger km which is 13th in the World with 140.4 billion. This entails creation of air traffic infrastructure for smooth movement of traffic in India. The constructions of modern airports and expansion of existing airports are important addition to air traffic infrastructure. The concept of airport cities or aero city imply development of innovative business ideas within the designated area whose cost-benefits if taken into considerations are more than the cost-benefits of its counterpart in the central business district. Major airports in India such as Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad etc. are growth and employment drivers of Indian economy in aviation sector. There are direct, indirect and induced effects on income and output. However, the calculations are complex as it is related with backward calculation of and calculation of input-output analysis. Further all the airports do not generate the same output and employment. In some airport employment increases but output do not increase simultaneously. As a global practice, the increase in airport infrastructure requires a study of its feasibility in a cost-benefit format. This is carried out in terms of financial and economic viability study. In this study, we have carried out an economic and financial analysis of three major airports in India such as Chennai, Kolkata and Ahmedabad airports for twenty years’ time period. In the cost stream, we have considered capital expenditure and on the benefits side the increase in income, employment, outputs in terms of direct, indirect, induced and catalytic terms. An attempt has been made to measures all these benefits against the cost streams through an economic and financial analysis. The feasibility of investments in airport infrastructure has been calculated in a cost-benefit format to find out the internal rate of return. The robustness of the investment has been tested by carrying out a sensitivity analysis at an increasing cost and decreasing benefits conditions and vice-versa. The calculated IRR both economic and financial are well above the 12 per cent as per the guidelines of Asian Development Bank.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Analysis of Electricity Generation from Polyethylene Plastics Using Fast Pyrolysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oladimeji Oladepo
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Cost Implications ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Insight Into

This project seeks to determine the most viable states for Energy production using plastic MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) using fast pyrolysis process. This is determined by performing a techno-economic analysis on these states. Two states were chosen in each of Nigeria’s six Geopolitical zones. This would provide valuable insight into the energy realizable from this technique, the environmental impact and also the cost implications.

scholarly journals The airport as object prone for threats

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Kustra Marek
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Airport Security ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Unlawful Interference ◽  
Airport Infrastructure

There were many attacks on civil aviation facilities which occurred since the 1930s but the first recorded attaca against the airport security occurred in 1970. Due to the extensive infrastructure,airports are susceptible to the occurrence of hazards especially acts of unlawful interference. Therefore, there is adopted following purpose of this article: characteristics of airports in terms of possible threats. To accomplish this, there are characterized most important elements of airport infrastructure in the first part and then author presented selected acts of unlawful interference committed at airports in the second part. In addition, the last section of the article contains most important results of the researchconnected to this topic which refer to safety at airports in Poland from passengers point of view.

scholarly journals Combined Hazard Analyses to Explore the Impact of Liquid Hydrogen Fuel on the Civil Aviation Industry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Benson ◽  
P. G. Holborn ◽  
A. M. Rolt ◽  
J. M. Ingram ◽  
E. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Liquid Hydrogen ◽  
Cryogenic Liquid ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Cfd Modelling ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Interest in green technology in aviation is increasing. To address environmental issues, novel fuels such as cryogenic liquid hydrogen (LH2) are being explored, however there are safety concerns. This work combines safety studies to explore LH2 fuel safety for civil aviation. Preliminary hazard analyses (PHAs) (utilizing over 70 standards and guides) have been performed identifying possible LH2 hazards on-board aircraft. A PHA has also been produced, with industry stakeholder involvement, to understand the major concerns for LH2 use at airports. Gaps in fundamental knowledge and LH2 technology have been identified, and two of these explored. Firstly, work has been started to understand the fundamental flammability of hydrogen in altitude conditions. Secondly, FLACS CFD modelling has been used to simulate large-scale LH2 pool releases to examine behavior and predict pool size, downwind flammable regions, and flammable mass clouds formed for different environmental conditions and release scenarios. This has identified significant effects of wind speed on buoyancy and flammable cloud travel which must be taken into account of any hydrogen fuel facility design. This work (part of the EC funded ENABLEH2 project) is some of the first in over a decade to re-examine the safety of hydrogen propulsion in aircraft. This process has identified wide-ranging issues that must be addressed before hydrogen propulsion can be introduced in civil aviation.

scholarly journals Preventive Maintain of Ventilators and its Cost Consideration

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Dr. Ravinder Ahlawat ◽  
Dr. Amit Lathwal ◽  
Dr. Kanika Jain ◽  
Dr. Sidhartha Satpathy
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Maintenance Policy ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Core Function ◽  
The Status ◽  
Background Maintenance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cost Implications ◽  
The Cost

Background: Maintenance is the core function of biomedical engineering and is essential for the optimum functioning of equipment. This study was undertaken to understand the current maintenance practices of ventilator and its cost implications from administrative point of view. Methodology: 179 Ventilators supplied and installed by one vendor in different wards of the hospital were studied. It was a retrospective, descriptive study. Equipment related data was taken from various service reports. This data was used to calculate spares failure and their costs implication. Results: A total of 692 maintenance visits were undertaken for 179 ventilators of 5 different modals over 27 months by 6 Bio- Medical Engineers (BME). The mean number of spare changed throughout the study was 2.73. The uptime was within satisfactory limits. The yearly repair to cost ratio was 3.50 %. The cost of spare changed was a factor of modal under consideration and the status of equipment concerning its coverage under maintenance contact. Conclusion: The findings of the study should enable researchers in the future to formulate an effective equipment maintenance policy for the hospital.

Evaluation Of The Functional Of Space-Planning Arrangement Of A Building

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-9
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Initial Data ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Shopping Centers ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
The Cost

The article focuses on the problem of the lack of objective evaluation of space-planning arrangement of buildings as a creative approach of the architect to the performing of functional tasks by the object. It is proposed to create a methodology for assessing the functional of space-planning solutions of buildings on the basis of numerical simulation of functional processes using the theory of human flows. There is a description of the prospects of using this method, which makes it possible to increase the coefficient of compactness, materials and works saving, more efficient use of space, reduce the cost of the life cycle of the building, save human forces and time to implement the functional of the building. The necessary initial data for modeling on the example of shopping and shopping-entertainment centers are considered. There are three main tasks for algorithmization of the functional of shopping centers. The conclusion is made about necessity of development of a method for objective assessment of buildings from the point of view of ergonomics of space-planning decisions based on the study of human behavior in buildings of different purposes.

PREREQUISITES FOR THE FORMATION OF A MECHANISM FOR STATE REGULATION OF SOCIAL GUARANTEES IN THE REGION

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaly Lobas ◽  
◽  
Elena Petryaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Well Being ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Periodic Review ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
State Management ◽  
The Cost

The article deals with modern mechanisms for managing social protection of the population by the state and the private sector. From the point of view of forms of state regulation of the sphere of social protection, system indicators usually include the state and dynamics of growth in the standard of living of the population, material goods, services and social guarantees for the poorly provided segments of the population. The main indicator among the above is the state of the consumer market, as one of the main factors in the development of the state. Priority areas of public administration with the use of various forms of social security have been identified. It should be emphasized that, despite the legislative conflicts that exist today in Ukraine, mandatory indexation of the cost of living is established, which is associated with inflation. Various scientists note that although the definition of the cost of living index has a well-established methodology, there are quite a lot of regional features in the structure of consumption. All this is due to restrictions that are included in the consumer basket of goods and different levels of socio-economic development of regions. The analysis of the establishment and periodic review of the minimum consumer budgets of the subsistence minimum and wages of the working population and the need to form state insurance funds for unforeseen circumstances is carried out. Considering in this context the levers of state management of social guarantees of the population, we drew attention to the crisis periods that are associated with the market transformation of the regional economy. In these conditions, there is a need to develop and implement new mechanisms and clusters in the system of socio-economic relations. The components of the mechanisms ofstate regulation ofsocial guarantees of the population are proposed. The deepening of market relations in the process of reforming the system of social protection of the population should be aimed at social well-being.

Editor in Chief’s Note on the Green Hydrogen Fuel from Solar / Wind Power

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Ehsan Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Crude Oil Prices ◽  
Trade War ◽  
The Cost

Renewable and sustainable energy has an evolving story as the ongoing trade war in the word is influencing crude oil prices. Moreover, the global warming is an inevitable consequence of the worldwide increasing rate of fossil fuel utilization which has persuaded the governments to invest on the clean and sustainable energy resources. In recent years, the cost of green energy has tumbled, making the price of renewables competitive to the fossil fuels. Although, the hydrogen fuel is still extremely expensive compared to the crude oil price, investigations about clean hydrogen fuel production and utilization has been developed significantly which demonstrate the importance of the hydrogen fuel in the future. This article aims to scrutinize the importance of green hydrogen fuel production from solar/wind energy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document