scholarly journals Midcentury Modern: The Emergence of Stakeholders in Democratic Practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
KAVI JOSEPH ABRAHAM
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Political Rationality ◽  
Democratic Practice ◽  
Participatory Politics ◽  
Conditions Of Possibility ◽  
The 1960S

Since the 1960s, “the stakeholder,” or affected party, has emerged as a novel democratic subject whose participation in varied institutional sites—from universities to government agencies, corporate boardrooms to international organizations—is seen as necessary for the management of complex problems. However, few specifically attend to the stakeholder as a distinct political subject and consider its implications for democratic practice. This paper presents a genealogy of the stakeholder, documenting its appearance in corporate managerialism and US public administration and showing how racial mobilization, rapid technological progress, and the political rationality of systems thinking provided the conditions of possibility for its emergence. Though orienting democracy around stakeholders permits opportunities for participation in political life, I argue that this subject is predicated on a circumscribed form of participatory politics that erodes habits of discovering a common good, erases distinctions between individuals and corporate bodies, and amplifies the problem of expertise.

Mortal Democracy and Plato’s Apology

2020 ◽  
pp. 009059172098295
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Barringer
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Politics ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Partial Transformation ◽  
Critical Space ◽  
Athenian Democracy ◽  
Precarious Work ◽  
Democratic Practice

The Apology is often read as showing a conflict between democracy and philosophy. I argue here that Socrates’s defense critically engages deeply political Athenian conventions of death, showing a mutual entanglement between Socratic philosophy and democratic practice. I suggest that Socrates’s aporetic insistence within the Apology that we “do not know if death is a good or a bad thing” structures a critical space of inquiry that I term “mortal ignorance;” a space from which Socrates reapproaches settled questions of death’s appropriate place in political life, ultimately prompting a partial transformation of Athenian democracy. I argue here that Socratic mortal ignorance supports a self-reflective politics of death, one which produces many potential responses and accepts the impossibility of closing off death’s meaning in any final sense—an aporia suitable for the unending, precarious work of democratic politics.

Generational Change and Continuity in British Partisan Choice

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-368
Author(s):  
Paul R. Abramson
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Generational Change ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship

The strong relationship between social class and partisan choice is one of the most extensively documented facts of British political life; but that relationship declined markedly during the 1960s, as Butler and Stokes have shown. Their lucid documentation of the declining class–party nexus is among the major findings of the second edition of their book, and, as class-based partisanship is particularly low among the young, many might conclude that the relationship between class and party will continue to decline in future. It would, however, be premature to reach this conclusion.

Catholic Social Teaching

2015 ◽  
pp. 442-456
Author(s):  
David Matzko McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Catholic Social Teaching ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Social Teaching ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Rerum Novarum ◽  
The Common

This essay considers the modern tradition of Catholic social teaching (CST). CST finds its roots in the biblical, patristic, and medieval periods, but was inaugurated in particular by Leo XIII’s encyclical Rerum novarum (1891) and has been sustained by a range of papal encyclicals and conciliar documents since. The documents of CST emphasize that human beings are created for mutual cooperation and a pursuit of common good in social, economic, and political life. The essay considers first CST’s developing account of how social relations may be governed by Christian charity. It then considers the nature of property within economic relations as conceived within CST. The final section considers CST’s reflections on political life, which is understood as primarily personal and dependent on relations of mutual rights and responsibilities that are directed to the common good.

scholarly journals Stoic Ethics as a Guide to the Political Life in Marcus Aurelius

Escritos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (61) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Bruno Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Roman Army ◽  
Natural Right ◽  
Marcus Aurelius ◽  
Simple Part ◽  
The Common ◽  
The City ◽  
Political Actions

Marcus Aurelius reigned from 161 A.D. to 180 A.D., and he ranks among the most successful emperors of the antonine dynasty. The success of his administration may be attributed to his philosopher personality and, more than that, to his stoic character. Meditations presents thoughts of a stoicism devotee, which reflects in moments of intimacy on the challenges that he faced throughout his life as an emperor. It is in the practice of the ethical precepts of stoicism that he finds his refuge. The text consists of a series of spiritual exercises which reaffirm the indifference to pleasures, contempt for fame, detachment from riches and abnegation for political power. This paper is a study of Meditations, and its main purpose is to elucidate how the stoic way of life is incorporated in the figure of the philosopher emperor; this, as a military function, as he was a commander of the Roman army in the war against the Nordics, where political virtue was tested. Amid the chaos of an insane struggle for the survival of Rome, he found in stoicism a precious source of inspiration. Marcus Aurelius was not dazzled by the cult of the emperor's personality; he acted for the natural right to freedom and guided his political actions for the common good. His stoic perseverance reveals itself in a harmonious conduct with the city, the rational and cosmic organism from which the emperor is a simple part.

scholarly journals Current Trends in the Development of Public Administration in the Security Field: National and Global Aspects

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Anatolii KALIAIEV
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
National Level ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
European Values

Current trends in public administration are considered in the context of national security imperatives, in particular regarding prevention and elimination of military conflicts, achievement of international understanding and formation of a global security environment. In recent decades, military conflicts of varying intensity and scale, both in Europe and beyond the continent, have remained a potential threat to Ukraine and all European countries. The research methodology is based on a systematic approach, which, in particular, summarizes modern interpretations of public administration and identifies problematic aspects of reforming modern governance structures amid globalization, informatization and democratization of the society and government. The position on the effectiveness and political perspective of democratic reforms is substantiated. Similar processes are observed in public administration in the security field within the democratic trend aimed at developing a dialogue between society and government through the active involvement of a wide range of non-state actors. On the basis of the dialectical method the trends of public administration development in the field of military security are researched and their ambivalence is argued. The global context of the new consolidated view on the protection of the common future of humanity is noted. The axiological method has provided an opportunity to characterize the processes of securitization of socio-political life and to determine the prospects for reducing its conflictogenity. It is consistently held that the most effective and efficient is the combination of three levels of identity in integrated European societies: maintaining strong positions of the customary national level of self-identification, transnational level of common European values and ethnic level of identity - preservation of historical memory.

scholarly journals The Nature and Practices of Social Justice in the View of Sayyid Qutb

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
ASYRAF HJ. AB. RAHMAN
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Political System ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Human Situation ◽  
Sayyid Qutb ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Alternative Solutions

This paper discusses the nature of social justice as enunciated by Sayyid Qutb, an Egyptian prominent scholar in the 1960s. Failure of the political system, economic disparity, coupled with the British interference in many aspects of Egyptian socio-political life led to the so called ‘Egyptian disillusionment’ with the existing problems facing their country. Qutb’s notion of social justice is all embracing; spiritual and material life, and is not merely limited to economic justice. Together with other Egyptian intellectuals like Najib Mahfuz, Muhammad al-Ghazali, and Imad al-Din Abd al-Hamid, Sayyid Qutb managed to propose some alternative solutions in the form of writings including that of books and journal articles. Some major issues discussed in Sayyid Qutb’s works:’al-Adalah al-Ijtimaiiyah fil Islam, Ma’rakat al-Islam wal Ra’samaliyyah and his article al-Fikr al-Jadid, will then be analyzed as to see their importance in articulating some social solutions in a practical and realistic manner, in true accord both with the spirit of Islam and the contemporary human situation.  

scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION OF PRODUCTION AND TURNOVER OF MEDICINES IN UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 151-159
Author(s):  
Л. В. Котенко
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Good Manufacturing Practice ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Iso 9001 ◽  
Regulatory Bodies

The article forms the international experience of public administration of production and circulation of medicines in Ukraine. The role of international organizations in maintaining the health of the nation, increasing the level of labor productivity, as well as the quality and life expectancy of people is studied. The leaders of the European market of drug manufacturers have been identified. The international standard ISO 9001 and features of introduction of good manufacturing practice (GMP) are analyzed. The international cooperation for the regulatory bodies of the WHO member states is described in order to discuss ways to strengthen cooperation in the field of health care.

Reporting Security: Postcolonial Governmentality in the United Nations’ Trusteeship System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Bonacker
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Political Rationality ◽  
Central Elements ◽  
Governance Practices ◽  
Colonial Governmentality

Abstract This article examines the political rationality and governance practices that emerged in the course of the international politics of decolonization. It focuses primarily on the UN trusteeship system, within which the former League of Nations mandates were continued by the trusteeship powers. In this process, the trustees' policies were placed under international scrutiny. The article ties in with International Political Sociology's increased interest in historical perspectives. In particular, it asks how the political rationality of the trusteeship system differs from colonial governmentality. Two arguments are put forward: first, international governing, as can be seen from the trusteeship system, is characterized by a postcolonial governmentality that continues central elements of colonial governmentality, but transfers them to the international level. Second, following Latour, it is argued that trusteeship governance is constituted by forms of knowledge production and the bureaucratic circulation of information that continue to shape the governance of international organizations today. To this end, the article takes up in particular the reporting system of the trusteeship system as well as its central instruments of knowledge production: the visiting missions, the petition system, and the collection of data through questionnaires.

Verfassung und Verwaltung. Landesfürst und Stände, Politiker und Beamte

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-174
Author(s):  
Peter Urbanitsch
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
State Government ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Central State ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Revolution Of 1848

Constitution and Administration. The Territorial Prince and Estates, Politicians and Officials. This chapter focuses on the bipolar political life in Lower Austria in the course of the long 19th century. Beginning with the constitutional realities before the revolution of 1848, it examines the constitutional developments after 1848 and 1861, and also offers a brief description of the various administrative organizational structures and their efforts and achievements. Prior to 1848, the aulic offices sought to minimize the political role of the estates and thus the participation of sections of the populace. Yet according to the constitutional settlement of 1861, some elements of the population hitherto not involved in politics were given the opportunity for self-determined activities. The “autonomous” administration of the land became a substantial part of public administration, being quite successful in supplying all kinds of services. Owing to a blurred assignment of remits between the “autonomous” administration of the land and that run by the central state government, this “dual-track” public administration diminished the effectiveness of its activities and became a nuisance for the public at large

Research on research revisited: another half decade of quantitative and field research on international organizations

1977 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
Recent Period ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Research On Research ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Half Decade

Eight journals were surveyed for articles reporting empirical research on international organizations, under the assumption that periodic self-assessment is a necessary component of any program of scientific inquiry. Forty-five article published between 1970 and 1975 are compared to articles from the 1960s on a variety of dimensions. In the recent period more authors view international organizations comparatively while fewer concentrate their efforts on the UN. The types of organizations and organizational process being studied have become more diversified, as have the research methods being utilized. Several questions receiving the sustained attention of researchers, such as studies of UN voting groups, the attributes of UN member states, the effects of economic assistance on influence in the UN, and the role of IO's in conflict resolution, all reflect a growing accumulation of knowledge about international organizations.

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