Breed and sex differences in equally mature sheep and goats 2. Body components at slaughter

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Thonney ◽  
St C. S. Taylor ◽  
J. I. Murray ◽  
T. H. McClelland
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Gut Content ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Mesenteric Fat ◽  
Body Components ◽  
Perirenal Fat

ABSTRACTAnimals from Soay, Welsh Mountain, Southdown, Finnish Landrace, Jacob, Wiltshire Horn and Oxford Down sheep breeds and a breed of feral goats were slaughtered when 0·40, 0·52, 0·64 or 0·76 of mature body weight. The effects of stage of maturity, breed and sex were examined in the following traits: gut content as a proportion of slaughter weight; blood, omental plus mesenteric fat, perirenal fat, alimentary tract, ‘remainder’ of non-carcass parts and hot carcass, each as a proportion of fleece-free empty body weight; also shoulder, rib, loin and gigot joints and their commercially higher-valued (prime) and lower-valued cuts, each as a proportion of carcass weight.As a proportion, gut content declined as animals matured, as also did blood, alimentary tract, ‘remainder’, prime shoulder, shank and prime gigot. Increasing proportions were internal fat depots, the hot carcass, rib, loin and gigot flank. Males accumulated significantly less internal fat and more shoulder than females.When equally mature in live weight, males had proportions that were significantly lower for perirenal fat, rib and gigot and higher for shoulder and pelt plus head, feet and organs.There were significant inter-breed regressions on mature body weight. The proportion of blood, alimentary tract, pelt plus head, feet and organs, and prime gigot declined with breed size, while hot carcass, brisket, rib and loin proportions increased. These regressions were attributed to a non-random sample of breeds. The small Soay breed had proportions of internal fat and hot carcass which were well below average, and higher proportions of blood, alimentary tract and ‘remainder’. Soay sheep also had a higher proportion of commercially higher-valued cuts in the carcass. In contrast, the large Oxford Down breed had low proportions of non-carcass components (except alimentary tract) and high proportions of lower-priced cuts and prime rib. Feral goats had a greater, and Southdown sheep a smaller, proportion of gut content than other breeds.

Live weight loss and its components in Romney ewes subjected to L-thyroxine therapy and a low plane of nutrition. Part II. Effects on some non-carcass components of live weight

1958 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Kirton ◽  
R. A. Barton
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Thyroxine Therapy ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Thyroxine Treatment ◽  
Mesenteric Fat ◽  
Total Starvation

1. The effects of l-thyroxine therapy and a low plane of nutrition on some of the non-carcass components of live weight in New Zealand Romney ewes were investigated.2. Thyroxine treatment significantly lowered the weight of the gastrointestinal tract contents. A low plane of nutrition and a longer total starvation immediately pre-slaughter had little effect in lowering the weight of the gastrointestinal contents. Alimentary tract ‘fill’ accounted for a group mean loss of live weight of up to 5 lb.3. Thyroxine treatment lowered the weight of the empty gastric tract, while a low plane of nutrition reduced the weight of both the empty gastric and intestinal tracts. The combined treatment effects accounted for a loss of up to 3 lb. in the weight of the empty gastrointestinal tract.4. Neither treatment significantly reduced the weight of the omental and mesenteric fat depots.5. The weight of the thyroid gland was unaffected by either treatment.6. A low plane of nutrition significantly reduced the weight of the liver, kidneys and the heart but had no effect on the weight of the spleen. Thyroxine therapy significantly reduced the weight of the liver and tended to increase the weight of the kidneys and the heart.

The development of the lamb with particular reference to the alimentary tract

1964 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. Large
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Root Transformation ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Gut Fill ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

1. Thirty Suffolk × Half bred lambs were slaughtered at the following ages: two twin lambs at birth and two singles and two twins at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 16 weeks of age.2. The following weights were recorded: live-weight immediately before slaughter; and carcass, head, skin, feet, alimentary tract, heart, liver, kidneys, lungs and trachea, and blood immediately afterwards.3. The alimentary tract was emptied and weighed in four separate parts; reticulo-rumen, omasum-abomasum, small intestine, large intestine.4. The volumes of the reticulo-rumen and the omasum-abomasum were measured by immersing in water and filling the organs with water to 2 cm. pressure.5. The in vitro digestive efficiency of rumen liquor from lambs of 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of age was assessed.6. Empty body weight was considered to be valuable in comparing animals of different ages or from different feeding regimes or at different times of the year because variations in gut ‘fill’ were eliminated.7. There were no differences between singles and twins in the relationship of the fresh weights of the parts of the body to empty body weight, except that development of the liver and the blood was rather slower for singles.8. Little evidence was found of a difference in rate of development of the alimentary tract between singles an d twins, although the log an d square root transformation suggested a possible difference in reticulo-rumen size in favour of twins, significant at the 5% level.

scholarly journals Postweaning growth of the non-carcass components of Texel crossbred lambs

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1558-1564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Barcelos Galvani ◽  
Cleber Cassol Pires ◽  
Tatiana Pfüller Wommer ◽  
Franciele de Oliveira ◽  
Georges Petrarca Teixeira Kodayssi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Exponential Equation ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Mesenteric Fat ◽  
Experimental Adaptation ◽  
Body Components ◽  
Late Growth

Twenty 11/16 Texel x 5/16 Ile de France crossbred lambs were slaughtered at different body weights to evaluate the growth of their non-carcass components. Animals were weaned at 42 days of age (15.9 ± 2.1 kg of body weight), housed in individual stalls, and fed ad libitum. After ten days of an experimental adaptation period, 5 lambs were slaughtered. The remaining lambs were randomly assigned to one of three following slaughter weights: 25, 30 or 35 kg of body weight at fast. At slaughter, all body components were individually weighed and expressed as percentage of the empty body weight. To determine allometric growth of individual components, the exponential equation Y = aXb was logarithmically transformed and used. Proportions of feet and head decreased, while wool proportion increased linearly as slaughter weight increased. Greater fat deposition in viscera (kidney and mesenteric fat) was observed for lambs slaughtered at more elevated body weights. Growth rate of small intestine was lower than that of the empty body (b = 0.39), and it decreased linearly as a proportion of empty body weight with advancing maturity. Growth rates of both liver and large intestine were isogonics (b = 0.90 and 1.08, respectively), i.e., similar to the empty body weight. On the other hand, rumen presented late growth (b = 1.37), and its proportion was lower only for the lambs slaughtered at weaning (1.58% of EBW). Once increased slaughter weights result in higher deposition of nutrients on body parts that are not intended to consumption, maximum slaughter weight of 11/16 Texel x 5/16 Ile de France crossbred lambs is recommended to be at 30 kg of body weight.

Effects of indoor or outdoor rearing on the chemical composition of lambs

1992 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Theriez ◽  
B. Touraine ◽  
P. Vigneron ◽  
M. Prud'hon
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Rearing Method

AbstractPure Merinos d'Aries male lambs were reared indoors (IN), with hay and concentrates, or outdoor (OUT) on improved Mediterranean range (Garrigues) and slaughtered when they reached 25 (light) or 32 (heavy) kg live weight. The alimentary tract weight was significantly affected by slaughter weight and by rearing method, which also significantly modified rumen contents. IN lamb body composition was higher in fat and energy and lower in water and protein than OUT lambs but differences induced by the rearing method were reduced when slaughter weight was increased. Allometric equations established for each environment were used to determine body composition and body gain composition at 20 and 25 kg empty body weight. Changes were very limited for IN lambs but protein and fat content of OUT lambs changed greatly as a result of the tremendous increase of grass availability towards the end of the fattening period.

Breed and sex differences in equally mature sheep and goats 3. Muscle weight distribution

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Thonney ◽  
St C. S. Taylor ◽  
J. I. Murray ◽  
T. H. McClelland
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Weight Distribution ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Total Muscle

ABSTRACTMales and females from Soay, Welsh Mountain, Southdown, Finnish Landrace, Jacob, Wiltshire Horn and Oxford Down sheep breeds and a breed of feral goats were slaughtered when they reached 0·40, 0·52, 0·64 or 0·76 of the mean mature body weight of their breed and sex. Total weight of dissected muscle was close to 0·30 times fleece-free empty body weight, or 0·24 times live weight, for all breeds and stages of maturity. The growth of 12 individual muscles or muscle groups dissected from the commercially higher-valued joints of the carcass, was examined in relation to live weight and total muscle weight. Limb muscles matured early. All 12 muscles, when combined, also matured early so that the proportion of lean tissue from the higher-valued joints declined as live weight increased.There were small but significant sex differences in the relative growth rate of some muscles. The abdominal muscles were early maturing for males and average for females. There were also sex differences in muscle weight distribution. The proportion of muscle in the hind limb of females was 1·055 times that in males, while the 12 muscles from higher-valued cuts constituted 0·403 of total carcass muscle for females and 0·389 for males, a proportional difference of 0·035.Muscle weight distribution was unrelated to breed size with the possible exception of m. gastrocnemius which appeared to be relatively smaller in genetically larger breeds. After accounting for differences in mature weight, there remained small but significant breed deviations in muscle weight distribution. Southdowns had the most attractive distribution. Feral goats and Jacob sheep, although they had the highest proportion of total muscle, had a much less attractive distribution.

Allometric changes during growth in rabbits

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Deltoro ◽  
Ana M. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Total Fat

SUMMARYDifferential growth from 1 to 20 weeks of age was studied on 320 rabbits from two lines (New Zealand White and California) and both sexes by means of the allometric equation log y = log a + b log x. Regression lines were fitted to the evolution of organs (blood, skin, thymus, heart–lungs, liver, kidneys and alimentary tract), carcass, tissues (bone, lean and fat) and anatomic components (head, breast and ribs, loin, abdominal wall, fore and hind legs) relative to empty body weight; stomach, caecum and intestines relative to alimentary tract; bone and lean groups relative to total bone and lean and fat depots relative to total fat.The convenience for a correct description of relative growth of determining both the quantitative growth, in order to apply the allometric equation only to the real growth period of each component, and the possible existence of allometric changes, is discussed.The results for each component are presented and discussed. There were no significant differences due to line, and sex had a significant influence (P < 0·001) only on the relative growths of total fat, lean content in the loin and hypodermic fat. All the components, with the exception only of thymus, presented a change in their allometric coefficients. These changes for most components, except fat depots, were concentrated in a small interval of time (4–8 weeks of age) between weaning and the inflexion point of the body weight growth curve.

Estimation of protein, chemical fat and energy content in pigs

1962 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Osińska
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Large White ◽  
Body Components ◽  
Edible Parts

Complete chemical analyses of all body components of 20 Large White pigs were carried out. At the average live-weight of 90·3 kg. (empty body weight 86·5 kg.) the total protein content was found to be 12·7 kg. and that of the chemical fat 25·4 kg. The edible parts of the carcass (i.e. lean and separable fat) contained only 58·5% (range 55·2–61·3) of the total protein but as much as 85% of the total chemical fat. Simple and multiple correlations were computed between various carcass characters and protein, chemical fat and energy content. The results indicate that it may be possible to obtain fairly accurate estimates of the chemical composition and energy content of the edible parts of the carcass, of the whole carcass, and of the empty body by methods based on various systems of assessing the carcass quality.

BODY PROPORTIONS AND CARCASS COMPOSITION OF PIGS WITH KNOWN GENOTYPES FOR STRESS SUSCEPTIBILITY FASTED FOR DIFFERENT PERIODS OF TIME PRIOR TO SLAUGHTER

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. M. JONES ◽  
A. C. MURRAY ◽  
A. P. SATHER ◽  
W. M. ROBERTSON
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Body Components ◽  
Stress Susceptibility ◽  
Thickness Measurements ◽  
Positive Line

A total of 233 pigs from a halothane positive line (genotype nn), from a halothane-negative line (genotype NN) and their cross (genotype Nn) were allocated to three treatments when their liveweight approximated 95 kg. Treatment 1 consisted of immediate slaughter following removal of the pigs from their pens, treatment 2 involved a period of 24 h of feed restriction prior to slaughter and treatment 3 a period of 48 h of feed restriction prior to slaughter. All carcasses were weighed on the slaughter floor and cooled at 1 °C for 24 h prior to dissection of the side into fat, lean and bone. Relative to liveweight, nn pigs had a higher proportion of carcass (41 g kg−1, P < 0.001) and a lower proportion of body organs (8 g kg−1, P < 0.001), body fat depots (7 g kg−1, P < 0.001), alimentary tract (14 g kg−1, P < 0.001) and gutfill (12 g kg−1, P < 0.001) than NN pigs. Nn pigs had values that were generally intermediate to nn and NN pigs. The proportion of carcass (22 g kg−1), body organs (5 g kg−1), alimentary tract (6 g kg−1) and gutfill (21 g kg−1) were reduced (P < 0.05) as fasting increased from 0 to 48 h relative to market weight. Linear fat thickness measurements made on the midline of the warm carcass were similar for nn and NN pigs except for the maximum loin (32.2 vs 28.6 mm for nn vs. NN). However, nn pigs had a lower proportion (P < 0.05) of fat (35 g kg−1), bone (13 g kg−1) and skin (11 g kg−1), and a higher proportion of lean (60 g kg−1) in their carcasses than those from NN pigs. Carcasses from Nn pigs had less skin (4 g kg−1) and bone (7 g kg−1), but more lean (11 g kg−1) and similar fat content to those from NN pigs. It was concluded that fasting for up to 48 h prior to slaughter had a similar effect on the three genotypes, but there were large differences among genotypes in body components and carcass composition. Key words: Stress susceptibility, fasting, carcass, organs, gutfill, composition, pigs

The effects of selection for high and low body weight on the proportion and distribution of fat in mice

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Allen ◽  
J. C. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Total Fat

ABSTRACTThe growth of adipose tissue was investigated in lines of mice selected for high and low body weight at 5 and 10 weeks of age, by dissecting and weighing individual fat depots from mice aged 5, 7·5, 10 and 15 weeks. At fixed ages most depots were heavier in the High lines and lighter in the Low lines. Depots grew at different rates and the rate of total fat deposition relative to gain in body weight was greater in High than in Low lines. At about 20g live weight High and Low lines had similar proportions of total fat; at lower weights the High lines were relatively leaner. These correlated effects of selection were more pronounced in the faster growing depots of the kidneys and gonads. In consequence, the High an d Low lines had different fat distributions at fixed ages, at fixed body weights and at fixed weights of fat.

EFFECTS OF CASTRATION AND OF PROGESTERONE IMPLANTATION ON MUSCLE COMPOSITION IN THE FERRET

1967 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-249
Author(s):  
J. HAMMOND ◽  
R. A. LAWRIE
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Mesenteric Fat ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
Maximum Body

SUMMARY Longissimus dorsi muscles from intact and castrated male ferrets were investigated at the time of maximum body weight in winter, and muscles from control and progesterone-treated animals in summer. The animals had free access to food throughout. The seasonal decrease in body weight was accompanied by decreased fat concentration in the muscle and by reduction of the subcutaneous and mesenteric fat depots. Implantation of progesterone pellets increased the body and muscle weights of intact males (but not of castrated animals) and also increased intramuscular fat. It may have reversed the seasonal pattern of changes in that the fat in the muscle became more unsaturated. The water content of the muscle decreased only reciprocally in relation to the increased fat content. Progesterone had no obvious effect on the composition of muscle in castrated ferrets. In summer the castrated animals had more intramuscular fat than the intact males at this time; moreover, despite the higher concentration, its degree of unsaturation was greater.

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