scholarly journals Effect of abomasal glucose infusion on alanine metabolism and urea production in sheep

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Obitsu ◽  
D. Bremner ◽  
E. Milne ◽  
G. E. Lobley
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Flux Rate ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Exogenous Glucose ◽  
Abomasal Infusion ◽  
Urea Production ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
N Flux

The effect of abomasal infusion of glucose (120 kJ/d per kg body weight (BW)0·75, 758 mmol/d) on urea production, plasma alanine-N flux rate and the conversion of alanine-N to urea was studied in sheep offered a low-N diet at limited energy intake (500 kJ/d per kg BW0·75), based on hay and grass pellets. Glucose provision reduced urinary N (P= 0·040) and urea (P= 0·009) elimination but this was offset by poorer N digestibility. Urea-N production was significantly reduced (822v. 619 mmol/d,P= 0·024) by glucose while plasma alanine-N flux rate was elevated (295v. 342 mmol/d,P= 0·011). The quantity of urea-N derived from alanine tended to be decreased by glucose (127v. 95 mmol/d) but the fraction of urea production from alanine was unaltered (15 %). Plasma urea and alanine concentrations (plus those of the branched chain amino acids) decreased in response to exogenous glucose, an effect probably related to enhanced anabolic usage of amino acids and lowered urea production.

Tumour and Host Tissue Responses to Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation of Patients with Cancer

1994 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. McNurlan ◽  
S. D. Heys ◽  
K. G. M. Park ◽  
J. Broom ◽  
D. S. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Intravenous Nutrition ◽  
Branched Chain

1 Rates of protein synthesis have been measured from the incorporation of 57 mg of l-[1-13C]leucine/kg for 90 min into muscle tissue and colorectal tumours removed at surgery from cancer patients. 2. For the 20 h preceding surgery and during the measurement of protein synthesis, the patients received intravenous saline, conventional intravenous nutrition (0.2 g of N and 103 non-protein kJ/kg body weight) or intravenous nutrition enriched with the branched-chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine and valine (0.2 g of N with 30% from branched-chain amino acids and 103 non-protein kJ/kg body weight). 3. Conventional intravenous nutrition resulted in a significant stimulation of the rate of protein synthesis in both muscle tissue (2.64 ± 0.75%/day versus 1.78 ± 0.51%/day in saline control, means ± SD) and tumour tissue (43.9 ± 10.3%/day versus 22.6 ± 5.6%/day in saline control). 4. Pre-operative nutrition enriched with branched-chain amino acids was less effective than conventional intravenous nutrition in stimulating protein synthesis in both muscle and tumour. The rates of protein synthesis were 2.12 ± 0.41%/day in muscle and 33.7 ± 5.3%/day in the tumours. 5. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in sections of the tumours showed changes with intravenous feeding of the two different amino acid mixtures that were similar to the changes in protein synthesis, and these two variables were significantly correlated. This is evidence that feeding with conventional mixtures and mixtures enriched with branched-chain amino acids stimulates tumour growth. 6. In this study the mixture enriched with branched-chain amino acids provided no clear advantage for cancer patients, since a smaller response to branched-chain amino acids was observed in both tumours and host muscle tissue.

scholarly journals Effects on nitrogen balance and metabolism of branched-chain amino acids by growing pigs of supplementing isoleucine and valine to diets with adequate or excess concentrations of dietary leucine

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Woong B Kwon ◽  
Jose A Soto ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Diets based on high levels of corn protein have elevated concentrations of Leu, which may negatively affect N retention in pigs. An experiment was, therefore, conducted to test the hypothesis that Ile and Val supplementation may overcome the detrimental effects of excess dietary Leu on N balance and metabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) in growing pigs. A total of 144 barrows (initial body weight: 28.5 kg) were housed in metabolism crates and randomly assigned to 1 of 18 dietary treatments. The basal diet contained 0.98% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys and had SID Leu, Val, and Ile ratios to SID Lys of 100%, 60%, and 43%, respectively. Crystalline l-Leu (0% or 2.0%), l-Ile (0%, 0.1%, or 0.2%), and l-Val (0%, 0.1%, or 0.2%) were added to the basal diet resulting in a total of 18 dietary treatments that were arranged in a 2 × 3 × 3 factorial. Urine and fecal samples were collected for 5 d after 7 d of adaptation. Blood, skeletal muscle, and liver samples were collected at the conclusion of the experiment. There were no three-way interactions among the main effects. Excess Leu in diets reduced (P < 0.05) N retention and biological value of protein and increased (P < 0.001) plasma urea N (PUN), but PUN was reduced (P < 0.05) as dietary Val increased. Concentrations of Leu in the liver were greater (P < 0.001) in pigs fed excess Leu diets than in pigs fed adequate Leu diets, but concentrations of BCAA in muscle were greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed low-Leu diets. Increasing dietary Ile increased (P < 0.001) plasma-free Ile and plasma concentration of the Ile metabolite, α-keto-β-methylvalerate, but the increase was greater in diets without excess Leu than in diets with excess Leu (interaction, P < 0.001). Plasma concentrations of Val and the Val metabolite α-keto isovalerate increased (P < 0.001) with increasing dietary Val in diets with adequate Leu, but not in diets with excess Leu (interaction, P < 0.001). Increasing dietary Leu increased (P < 0.001) plasma-free Leu and plasma concentration of the Leu metabolite, α-keto isocaproate (KIC). In contrast, increased dietary Val reduced (P < 0.05) the plasma concentration of KIC. In conclusion, excess dietary Leu reduced N retention and increased PUN in growing pigs, but Val supplementation to excess Leu diets may increase the efficiency of amino acid utilization for protein synthesis as indicated by reduced PUN.

scholarly journals The Effect of Branched-Chain Amino Acids, Citrulline, and Arginine on High-Intensity Interval Performance in Young Swimmers

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Fang Hsueh ◽  
Huey-June Wu ◽  
Tzu-Shiou Tsai ◽  
Ching-Lin Wu ◽  
Chen-Kang Chang
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Swim Performance ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
High Intensity Interval

High-intensity interval training has drawn significant interest for its ability to elicit similar training responses with less training volume compared to traditional moderate-intensity protocols. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of co-ingestion of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), arginine, and citrulline on 8 × 50 m high-intensity interval swim performance in trained young swimmers. This study used a randomized cross-over design. Eight male (age 15.6 ± 1.3 years) and eight female (age 15.6 ± 0.9 years) swimmers completed both amino acids (AA) and placebo (PL) trials. The participants ingested 0.085 g/kg body weight BCAA, 0.05 g/kg body weight arginine and 0.05 g/kg body weight citrulline before the swim test in the AA trial. The average 50 m time was significantly shorter in the AA trial than that in the PL trial. The AA trial was faster than the PL trial in the first, second, and the seventh laps. The AA trial showed significantly higher plasma BCAA concentrations and lower tryptophan/BCAA ratio. The other biochemical parameters and ratings of perceived exertion were similar between the two trials. The results showed that BCAA, arginine, and citrulline, allowed the participants to swim faster in a high-intensity interval protocol in young swimmers.

scholarly journals Impaired Skeletal Muscle Branched-Chain Amino Acids Catabolism Contributes to Their Increased Circulating Levels in a Non-Obese Insulin-Resistant Fructose-Fed Rat Model

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérémie David ◽  
Dominique Dardevet ◽  
Laurent Mosoni ◽  
Isabelle Savary-Auzeloux ◽  
Sergio Polakof
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Branched Chain

Elevated plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) levels are often observed in obese insulin-resistant (IR) subjects and laboratory animals. A reduced capacity of the adipose tissues (AT) to catabolize BCAA has been proposed as an explanation, but it seems restricted to obesity models of genetically modified or high fat–fed rodents. We aimed to determine if plasma BCAA levels were increased in a model of IR without obesity and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Rats were fed with a standard diet, containing either starch or fructose. BCAA levels, body weight and composition were recorded before and after 5, 12, 30, or 45 days of feeding. Elevated blood BCAA levels were observed in our IR model with unaltered body weight and composition. No changes were observed in the liver or the AT, but instead an impaired capacity of the skeletal muscle to catabolize BCAA was observed, including reduced capacity for transamination and oxidative deamination. Although the elevated blood BCAA levels in the fructose-fed rat seem to be a common feature of the IR phenotype observed in obese subjects and high fat–fed animals, the mechanisms involved in such a metabolic phenomenon are different, likely involving the skeletal muscle BCAA metabolism.

scholarly journals Changes in the concentration of specific amino acids in the serum of experimentally malnourished pigs

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Grimble ◽  
R. G. Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Serum Amino Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Free Serum ◽  
Metabolic Significance

1. The concentrations of individual free serum amino acids have been studied during the course of chronic protein malnutrition in experimentally malnourished pigs.2. Until growth was markedly impaired, reducing the protein content of the diet had no significant effect on serum amino acid composition.3. During the period when growth had practically ceased but kcal intake per kg body-weight was normal the concentrations of valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine and eventually tyrosine fell, the levels of alanine and serine were above control levels and aspartic acid, glycine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, arginine, histidine and lysine remained unaltered.4. When the kcal intake per kg fell below control levels, owing to anorexia, and the animals began to lose weight, the levels of alanine, glycine, serine and methionine fell and valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine and tyrosine remained well below control levels.5. The physiological, nutritional and metabolic significance of these findings is considered. The changes in alanine and glycine concentration are discussed in terms of the regulation of gluconeogenesis. The reduction of the branched-chain amino acids is interpreted on the basis of their availability for synthetic and catabolic needs.

scholarly journals Influence of Glutamine and Branched-Chain Amino Acids Supplementation during Refeeding in Activity-Based Anorectic Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3510
Author(s):  
Clément L’Huillier ◽  
Marine Jarbeau ◽  
Floriane Pingeon ◽  
Wafa Bahlouli ◽  
Emmeline Salameh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Partial Restoration ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Background: Optimizing the refeeding of patients with anorexia nervosa remains important to limit somatic complications of malnutrition, as well as to avoid disease relapses by targeting persistent mood and intestinal disorders. We aimed to evaluate the effects of glutamine (Gln) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) supplementation during refeeding in activity-based anorectic (ABA) mice. Method: Male C57Bl/6 mice were randomized in control and ABA groups. Once ABA-induced malnutrition was established, mice were progressively refed or not. Refed mice had free access to drinking water supplemented or not with 1% Gln or 2.5% BCAA for 10 days. Results: A progressive refeeding was associated with a partial restoration of body weight and lean mass, while a fat mass rebound was observed. In addition, refeeding restored glucose and leptin. Gln did not affect these parameters, while BCAA tended to increase body weight, fat mass, and glycaemia. In the colon, refeeding improved total protein synthesis and restored the LC3II/LC3I ratio, a marker of autophagy. Gln supplementation enhanced colonic protein synthesis, which was associated with an increased p-p70S6kinase/p70S6kinase ratio, whereas these effects were blunted by BCCA supplementation. Conclusions: In ABA mice, Gln and BCAA supplementations during a progressive refeeding fail to restore body weight and lean mass. However, Gln supplementation improves total colonic protein synthesis conversely to BCAA. Further studies are needed to decipher the underlying mechanisms involved in these opposite results.

scholarly journals Of Older Mice and Men: Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Body Composition

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosilene V. Ribeiro ◽  
Samantha M. Solon-Biet ◽  
Tamara Pulpitel ◽  
Alistair M. Senior ◽  
Victoria C. Cogger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acid ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
The Relationship

Protein and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) intake are associated with changes in circulating BCAAs and influence metabolic health in humans and rodents. However, the relationship between BCAAs and body composition in both species is unclear, with many studies questioning the translatability of preclinical findings to humans. Here, we assessed and directly compared the relationship between circulating BCAAs, body composition, and intake in older mice and men. Body weight and body fat were positively associated with circulating BCAA levels in both mouse and human, which remained significant after adjustments for age, physical activity, number of morbidities, smoking status, and source of income in the human cohort. Macronutrient intakes were similarly associated with circulating BCAA levels; however, the relationship between protein intake and BCAAs were more pronounced in the mice. These findings indicate that the relationship between circulating BCAAs, body composition, and intakes are comparable in both species, suggesting that the mouse is an effective model for examining the effects of BCAAs on body composition in older humans.

scholarly journals 88 Dietary supplementation of branched-chain amino acids higher than recommended levels in nursery pigs fed with moderately low protein diet: effects on growth performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 82-82
Author(s):  
Mohammad Habibi ◽  
Cedrick N Shili ◽  
Julia Sutton ◽  
Adel Pezeshki
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Feed cost and excess nutrients excretion are threatening the swine industry. Moderately low protein (MLP) diets are less expensive and reduce the nitrogen excretion, but they may have negative influence on growth performance of pigs. The aim of current study was to investigate the effect of MLP diets supplemented with branched-chain amino acids (BCAA; leucine, isoleucine and valine) higher than Nutrients Requirements of Swine (NRC) recommendation on the growth performance of nursery pigs. Forty-eight weaned barrows at 3 weeks of age were weighed, individually housed and randomly assigned to 6 dietary treatments including: 1) PCON: 20% crude protein (CP), 2) NCON: 14% CP; 3) C25: NCON+ limiting amino acids (LAA, i.e. lysine, methionine, threonine, and tryptophan) 25% more than NRC levels, 4) C50: NCON+LAA 50% higher than NRC recommendations; 5) CB25: NCON + (LAA+BCAA) 25% more than NRC; 6) CB50: NCON + (LAA+BCAA) 50% higher than NRC. The data were analyzed with univariate GLM with Tukey’s post-hoc test (SPSS®). The CB50 had higher final body weight, average daily gain, average daily water intake and average daily feed intake than C50 with the latter tended to be higher than NCON. Average daily feed intake, average daily gain and gain to feed ratio tended to be greater for CB25 and CB50 relative to C25 and C50, respectively. Compared to C50, CB50 improved the mean and cumulative feed intake in all the weeks. CB50 also tended to improve the body weight gain and gain: feed in week 2 relative to C50. In conclusion, supplementing MLP diets with limiting amino acid at 25% or 50% higher than NRC recommendations was failed to recover the negative effects of these diets on growth performance. Adding BCAA more than NRC levels to MLP diets improved the growth performance with the effects of added BCAA level being negligible.

Thirteen-Week Oral Toxicity Study of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoji Tsubuku ◽  
Kazuhisa Hatayama ◽  
Toyohisa Katsumata ◽  
Nobuo Nishimura ◽  
Kazunori Mawatari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Branched Chain

Branched-chain amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-valine, and l-leucine) are being increasingly used in sport supplements. This study evaluated toxicological and behavioral effects of l-isoleucine (Ile), l-valine (Val), and l-leucine (Leu) during a dosing study with male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. The amino acids were incorporated into a standard diet at doses equal to 1.25%, 2.5%, and 5.0% ( w/ w). A control group of rats received a standard diet. All diets were administered ad libitum for 13 consecutive weeks. To examine stability of any potential effects, the administration period was followed by a 5-week recovery period, during which only the standard diet was provided to all animals. No significant, dose-related effects on body weight were found in rats fed a Leu-and Ile-supplemented diet. Val mixed into a diet at 5.0% ( w/ w) decreased slightly, but significantly body weight gain in females, but not males. Ile (5.0% w/ w) affected the urine electrolytes, protein, ketone bodies, urine glucose, and urobilinogen in both genders, yet the observed changes remained mostly within the range observed in controls. The random findings in hepatology and ophthalmology at the 13-week sacrifice were not considered toxicologically relevant to effects of the tested amino acids. No significant changes in organ weights were recorded. We estimate the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for Ile at 2.5% for both genders (male, 1.565 ± 0.060 g/kg/day; females, 1.646 ± 0.095 g/kg/day), Val at 5.0% for males (3.225 ± 0.135 g/kg/day) and 2.5% for females (1.853 ± 0.060 g/kg/day), and Leu at 5.0% for both genders (males, 3.333 ± 0.101 g/kg/day: females, 3.835 ± 0.257 g/kg/day).

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