Dietary patterns are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in a representative study population of German adults

Studies that investigated complex actual eating behaviours of the general population and their relation to cardiometabolic risk markers are sparse. We aimed to identify dietary patterns within a nationally representative sample of 4025 German adults by factor analysis based on validated dietary history interviews. Furthermore, we evaluated associations of the derived dietary patterns with abnormalities clustered within the metabolic syndrome and related metabolic markers by logistic regression models and ANCOVA. A high adherence to the ‘processed foods’ pattern reflected a high intake of refined grains, processed meat, red meat, high-sugar beverages, eggs, potatoes, beer, sweets and cakes, snacks and butter, whereas a high adherence to the ‘health-conscious’ pattern represented a high intake of vegetables, vegetable oils, legumes, fruits, fish and whole grains. For subjects in the highest compared with those in the lowest quintile of the processed foods pattern, the occurrence of abdominal obesity was 88 (95 % CI 31, 169) % higher, hypertension was 34 (95 % CI − 4, 86) % higher, hypertriacylglycerolaemia was 59 (95 % CI 11, 128 ) % higher and the metabolic syndrome was 64 (95 % CI 10, 143) % higher when adjusted for age, sex, energy intake, socio-economic status, sport activity and smoking. Furthermore, subjects in the highest quintile had statistically significantly higher uric acid concentrations and lower folate concentrations (Pfor trend < 0·05). In contrast, subjects in the highest quintile of the health-conscious pattern had a 30 (95 % CI 10, 46) % lower occurrence of hypertension, higher folate concentrations and lower homocysteine and fibrinogen concentrations (Pfor trend < 0·05). These data strengthen the findings from non-representative studies and emphasise the importance of healthy overall food patterns for preventing metabolic disturbances.

Download Full-text

Comparison of two exploratory dietary patterns in association with the metabolic syndrome in a Northern German population

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114514002098 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 112 (8) ◽

pp. 1364-1372 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Janett Barbaresko ◽

Sabine Siegert ◽

Manja Koch ◽

Imke Aits ◽

Wolfgang Lieb ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Processed Meat ◽

German Population ◽

Food Groups ◽

Reduced Rank Regression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

Diet is related to many chronic disease conditions such as the metabolic syndrome (MetS). We set out to compare behaviour-related with disease-related patterns and their association with the MetS in a German cross-sectional study. A total of 905 participants of a Northern German cohort (aged 25–82 years) completed a FFQ, underwent anthropometric assessments and provided a blood sample. Dietary patterns were derived by principal component analysis (PCA) and reduced-rank regression (RRR) from forty-two food groups. Components of the MetS were used as response variables for the RRR analysis. Simplified patterns comprising ten food groups were generated. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the likelihood of having the MetS across the quartiles of simplified pattern scores. We identified two similar dietary patterns derived by PCA and RRR characterised by high intakes of potatoes, various vegetables, red and processed meat, fats, sauce and bouillon. Comparing simplified patterns, an increased RRR pattern score was associated with a higher OR (2·18, 95 % CI 1·25, 3·81) of having the MetS than an increased PCA pattern score (OR 1·92, 95 % CI 1·21, 3·03). Comparing concordant food groups by both dietary pattern methods, a diet high in legumes, beef, processed meat and bouillon was also positively associated with the prevalence of the MetS after adjustment for potential confounders (OR 1·71, 95 % CI 1·04, 2·79). We identified a behaviour-related pattern that was positively associated with the MetS. The application of both dietary pattern methods may be advantageous to obtain information for designing and realising dietary guidelines. Prospective studies are needed to confirm the results.

Download Full-text

Dietary Pattern and Metabolic Syndrome in Thai Adults

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2015/468759 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

W. Aekplakorn ◽

W. Satheannoppakao ◽

P. Putwatana ◽

S. Taneepanichskul ◽

P. Kessomboon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Processed Meat ◽

Health Examination ◽

High Intake ◽

Low Level ◽

Glutinous Rice ◽

Bamboo Shoots

Objectives. To determine the dietary patterns of middle-aged Thais and their association with metabolic syndrome (MetS).Methods. The Thai National Health Examination Survey IV data of 5,872 participants aged ≥30–59 years were used. Dietary patterns were obtained by factor analysis and their associations with Mets were examined using multiple logistic regression.Results. Three major dietary patterns were identified. The first, meat pattern, was characterized by a high intake of red meat, processed meat, and fried food. The second, healthy pattern, equated to a high intake of beans, vegetables, wheat, and dairy products. The third, high carbohydrate pattern, had a high intake of glutinous rice, fermented fish, chili paste, and bamboo shoots. Respondents with a healthy pattern were more likely to be female, higher educated, and urban residents. The carbohydrate pattern was more common in the northeast and rural areas. Compared with the lowest quartile, the highest quartile of carbohydrate pattern was associated with MetS (adjusted odds ratio: 1.82; 95% CI 1.31, 2.55 in men and 1.60; 95% CI 1.24, 2.08 in women), particularly among those with a low level of leisure time physical activity (LTPA).Conclusion. The carbohydrate pattern with low level of LTPA increased the odds of MetS.

Download Full-text

Faculty Opinions recommendation of Soft drink consumption and risk of developing cardiometabolic risk factors and the metabolic syndrome in middle-aged adults in the community.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1089607.544872 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Zecharia Madar

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Soft Drink ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Soft Drink Consumption ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Middle Aged Adults

Download Full-text

Study Upon the Serum Level of Uric Acid and the Metabolic Syndrome Components

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.19.3.7064 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 1062-1066

Author(s):

Maria Rada ◽

Delia Berceanu-Vaduva ◽

Milan Velimirovici ◽

Simona Dragan ◽

Daniel Duda-Seiman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Serum Level ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Mean Value ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Direct Association ◽

Metabolic Syndrome Components

The serum level of uric acid (UA) appears to be associated with a variety of cardiometabolic risk factors; however, direct association with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains controversial. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between serum levels of UA and the components that define MetS, differentiated by gender. 262 patients were enrolled (132 women and 130 men); mean value of the age: 58.7�16 year. Hyperuricemia was considered when the level of serum UA �7mg/dL in men, and � 6mg/dL in women; MetS was defined according to the IDF criteria. The prevalence of MetS in the studied group was 35.11% and the prevalence of hyperuricemia was 16.79%. Men with hyperuricemia had the highest prevalence of abdominal obesity (87.5% vs. 66.32%, p [0.001) and hypertriglyceridemia (65.62% vs. 45.91%, p [ 0.001) versus men with normal level of serum UA. Women with hyperuricemia also had a significantly higher incidence of abdominal obesity (75% vs. 57.51%, p [0.001), hypertriglyceridemia (58.33% vs. 38.33%, p [0.001), decreased HDL (50% vs. 33.33%, p [0.001) and hyperglycemia (66.66% versus 50%, p [0.001) compared to those with normal levels of serum UA. The majority of men with hyperuricemia have more than 4 of the MetS components. Hyperuricemia had a higher prevalence in patients with MetS, it may be considered as a causal factor of MetS. Elevated levels of serum uric acid were significantly more associated with the increasing number of MetS components. Early detection and treatment of hyperuricemia is essential for preventing the metabolic syndrome and its complications.

Download Full-text

Association of intraocular pressure with the metabolic syndrome and novel cardiometabolic risk factors

Eye ◽

10.1038/eye.2009.247 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 1037-1043 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Y C Chang ◽

J-W Lin ◽

L C Wang ◽

H M Chen ◽

J J Hwang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

Download Full-text

A stepwise approach to assess the impact of clustering cardiometabolic risk factors on carotid intima-media thickness: the metabolic syndrome no-more-than-additive

European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation ◽

10.1097/hjr.0b013e3282f17bc3 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 190-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Gian Paolo Fadini ◽

Anna Coracina ◽

Sandro Inchiostro ◽

Antonio Tiengo ◽

Angelo Avogaro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Stepwise Approach ◽

Media Thickness ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

The Impact

Download Full-text

Gender specific effect of major dietary patterns on the metabolic syndrome risk in Korean pre-pubertal children

Nutrition Research and Practice ◽

10.4162/nrp.2013.7.2.139 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 139 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Soo Jin Park ◽

Seung Min Lee ◽

Seon Mee Kim ◽

Myoungsook Lee

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Specific Effect ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Gender Specific

Download Full-text

Association of Dietary Patterns with Metabolic Syndrome: Results from the Kardiovize Brno 2030 Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10070898 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 898 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Antonella Agodi ◽

Andrea Maugeri ◽

Sarka Kunzova ◽

Ondrej Sochor ◽

Hana Bauerova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

International Diabetes Federation ◽

Principal Component ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Western Dietary Pattern ◽

High Adherence

Although metabolic syndrome (MetS) could be handled by lifestyle interventions, its relationship with dietary patterns remains unclear in populations from Central Europe. Using data from the Kardiovize Brno cohort, the present study aims to identify the main dietary patterns and to evaluate their association with MetS risk in a random urban sample from Brno, Czech Republic. In a cross-sectional study of 1934 subjects aged 25–65 years (44.3% male), dietary patterns were derived by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) administration and principal component analysis. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation statement. Logistic regression models were applied. High adherence to the prudent dietary pattern was associated with lower odds of abdominal obesity, abnormal glucose concentration, and MetS. By contrast, high adherence to the western dietary pattern was associated with higher odds of abnormal glucose, triglycerides and blood pressure levels. Whilst our results confirm the deleterious effect of a western dietary pattern on several metabolic risk factors, they also indicate that the consumption of a diet rich in cereals, fish, fruit and vegetables is associated with a healthier metabolic profile. However, further prospective research is warranted to develop and validate novel potential preventive strategies against MetS and its complications.

Download Full-text

Inflammation, obesity and comorbidities: the role of diet

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980007000663 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 10 (10A) ◽

pp. 1164-1172 ◽

Cited By ~ 117

Author(s):

Mónica Bulló ◽

Patricia Casas-Agustench ◽

Pilar Amigó-Correig ◽

Javier Aranceta ◽

Jordi Salas-Salvadó

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Virgin Olive Oil ◽

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Factor Vii ◽

Processed Meat ◽

Obese People ◽

Metabolic Complications ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Increased Risk

AbstractThe adipocyte metabolism has been shown to change during the fat enlargement process associated to obesity. Several procoagulant proteins such as plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1, tissue factor or factor VII and also inducible nitric oxide synthase show higher expression in adipose tissue of obese people in comparison to lean. This overexpression could explain at least a part of the atherogenic and cardiovascular risk associated with obesity.In addition to cytokine secretion, many other features have been observed to be common to adipocyte and monocyte/macrophage lines: for example, phagocytic and microbicidal activities, and possibly a cellular plasticity of adipose precursors.Overweight and obesity are associated with an increased risk of such metabolic abnormalities as dyslipidemia, hypertension or type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases, common features of the metabolic syndrome. Initially, insulin resistance or hyperinsulinemia was suggested as the origin of these abnormalities. More recent studies indicate that adipokynes have an important role in obesity-associated metabolic complications, and suggest that chronically elevated local or systemic concentrations of adipokynes contribute to the development of complications associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome.Considering all the evidence relating to diet and inflammation, the best diet for protecting against the metabolic derangements associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome would be high in fibre-rich cereals, fruit, vegetables, fish, virgin olive oil and nuts; moderate in wine; and low in meat, processed meat foods and trans-fatty acids.

Download Full-text