scholarly journals Influence of sugar type on the bioavailability of cocoa flavanols

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (12) ◽  
pp. 2243-2250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Rodriguez-Mateos ◽  
Maria Jose Oruna-Concha ◽  
Catherine Kwik-Uribe ◽  
Alberto Vidal ◽  
Jeremy P. E. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Function ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Methylation Pattern ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Food Matrix ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Plasma Pool ◽  
Intervention Trials ◽  
The Impact

The beneficial effects of cocoa on vascular function are mediated by the absorption of monomeric flavanols into the circulation from the small intestine. As such, an understanding of the impact of the food matrix on the delivery of flavanols to the circulation is critical in assessing the potential vascular impact of a food. In the present study, we investigated the impact of carbohydrate type on flavanol absorption and metabolism from chocolate. A randomised, double-blind, three-arm cross-over study was conducted, where fifteen volunteers were randomly assigned to either a high-flavanol (266 mg) chocolate containing maltitol, a high-flavanol (251 mg) chocolate with sucrose or a low-flavanol (48 mg) chocolate with sucrose. Test chocolates were matched for micro- and macronutrients, including the alkaloids theobromine and caffeine, and were similar in taste and appearance. Total flavanol absorption was lower after consumption of the maltitol-containing test chocolate compared with following consumption of its sucrose-containing equivalent (P = 0·002). Although the O-methylation pattern observed for absorbed flavanols was unaffected by sugar type, individual levels of unmethylated ( − )-epicatechin metabolites, 3′-O-methyl-epicatechin and 4′-O-methyl-epicatechin metabolites were lower for the maltitol-containing test chocolate compared with the sucrose-containing equivalent. Despite a reduction in the total plasma pool of flavanols, the maximum time (Tmax) was unaffected. The present data indicate that full assessment of intervention treatments is vital in future intervention trials with flavanols and that carbohydrate content is an important determinant for the optimal delivery of flavanols to the circulation.

Abstract 15844: Plasma Parathyroid Hormone is Independently Related to 24-Hour Pulse Wave Velocity in Patients With Primary Hyperparathyroidism - Insights fFom The EPATH Study

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Wetzel ◽  
Nicolas Verheyen ◽  
Evgeny Belyavskiy ◽  
Albrecht Schmidt ◽  
Caterina Colantonio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Accumulating evidence indicated that high parathyroid hormone (PTH) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The impact of PTH on vascular structure and function is, however, still unclear. We evaluated the relationship between pulse wave velocity (PWV) as a novel index of arterial stiffness and circulating levels of PTH in patients with PTH-excess (primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT)). Methods and Results: We analyzed baseline data of the ongoing randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled “Effect of Eplerenone on Parathyroid Hormone Levels in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism” (EPATH) study. Inclusion criteria were age of at least 18 years and a diagnosis of pHPT according to international guidelines. Standardized blood sampling was performed after an overnight fast and 24h PWV was measured by a validated non-invasive device for ambulatory hemodynamic monitoring (Mobil O Graph, I.E.M., Stolberg, Germany). Our analysis comprised 92 pHPT patients with a mean age of 68.5 +/- 9.7 years (71 % females) and a median PTH of 102 (IQR 81 - 132) pg/ml. Mean 24h PWV was 9.8 +/- 1.8 m/s, mean daytime and mean nighttime PWV were 10.0 +/- 1.7 m/s and 9.6 +/- 1.8 m/s, respectively. In multivariate linear regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, mean systolic and mean diastolic 24h blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, type 2 diabetes, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, serum calcium, intake of cinacalcet and fasting serum cholesterol PTH emerged as a strong predictor of mean 24h PWV (ß=0.30, p=0.012), daytime PWV and nighttime PWV (ß=0.30, p=0.011 and ß=0.30, p=0.019, respectively). Conclusion: In a selective cohort of patients with pHPT plasma PTH was strongly related to 24h PWV. These data strengthen the notion that PTH may impact on vascular function. Interventional and mechanistic trials are needed to evaluate modulatory effects on vasculature in patients with high PTH.

A randomized placebo-controlled cross-over study using a low frequency magnetic field in the treatment of fatigue in multiple sclerosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Laura Lopes de Carvalho ◽  
Roberta Motta ◽  
Giovanna Konrad ◽  
Mario Alberto Battaglia ◽  
Giampaolo Brichetto
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Rehabilitation Centre ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Frequency Magnetic Field ◽  
The Impact

Background: Fatigue is one of the most common disabling symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS). There is growing evidence in the literature for beneficial effects of magnetic fields on different MS symptoms and this has been reported to be beneficial in patients with MS, especially those with fatigue. Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the effects on primary fatigue with a pulsed systemic low frequency magnetic field by means of clinical scales in a population of MS subjects. Methods: Randomized double-blind cross-over trial with 50 MS subjects with primary fatigue who were recruited among those followed as outpatients at the AISM Rehabilitation Centre, Genova, Italy. Subjects were randomized into two groups: magnetic field group and sham therapy group and evaluated with the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS), the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), VAS and Time Walking Test 10 meter (TWT10m.) at the time points of the study. Each group received both sham therapy and magnetic field therapy with a wash-out period of 5 months. Subjects were treated for 24 min per session, three times per week, for 8 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed using multivariate analysis. Results: Results showed a statistically significant improvement in MFIS Physical Score for T0 − T1 ( p < 0.05) for TIME but not for TREATMENT and TIME*TREATMENT factors. No statistically significant differences were found for all other parameters considered in the study. Conclusions: Exposure to a low frequency magnetic field, within the parameters of this treatment protocol, has no advantage over sham exposure in reducing the impact of fatigue.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Impact of Dietary Nitrate Intake on Vascular Function in Physically Active Adults (P06-101-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Holt ◽  
Alexandria Hast ◽  
Carl Keen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Microvascular Function ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Dietary Nitrate ◽  
Vegetable Juice ◽  
Tissue Ischemia ◽  
Time Points ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Dietary nitrate, provided by certain vegetables, may serve as a potential source of the potent vasodilator nitric oxide (NO). This may be of importance in situations of reduced blood flow or increased tissue oxygen demand, such as during tissue ischemia or exercise. This study tested the effects of a nitrate-rich vegetable juice, providing ∼200 mg of nitrate or an isocaloric control beverage on blood pressure, microvascular function and plasma total nitrate/nitrite and nitrite and nitroso species (RXNO). Methods Fifteen healthy and active adult males (32.7 ± 7.2 years of age) were enrolled into a randomized double-blind, controlled crossover trial. Each participant consumed the test beverages after an overnight fast. Vascular measures and blood samples were collected at baseline (0 h), and at 1 h, 2 h, and 4 h post beverage intake. Results No significant changes in blood pressure were observed. Total nitrate/nitrite levels significantly increased compared to baseline and control for all post intake time points, with peak levels occurring 1–2 h post intake. Similar effects were observed with RXNO, with peak RXNO levels occurring 1 h post intake. Significant increases in microvascular function, the Framingham RHI (fRHI), were observed 1 h, 2 h and 4 h post beverage intake, but treatment effects were not significant. However, fRHI at 0 h and 2 h was significantly and positively correlated with Nitrate/nitrite and RXNO (ρ = 0.343, p = 0.02 and ρ = 0.486, 0.009, respectively) and with nitrate/nitrite only at 0 h and 1 h (ρ = 0.343, p = 0.020). At the 1 h and 2 h time points, using ANCOVA with baseline adjustment, a significant increase in fRHI was observed 2 h after nitrate-rich vegetable juice intake compared to control. Conclusions In conclusion, circulating nitrate/nitrite and RXNO levels were associated with improved fRHI response 2 h after the intake of a nitrate-rich vegetable juice. It is important to note that the levels of nitrate provided were considered at a low level of intake (∼200 mg) compared to previous reports of reduced blood pressure after the intake of high levels of nitrate (∼1 g). These results suggest that the nitrate containing beverage has the potential to improve microvascular function. Funding Sources The beverages and research funding were provided from the Campbell Soup Company.

Irisin and Vascular Inflammation: Beneficial Effects of a Healthy Lifestyle Around and Beyond Physical Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Restuccia ◽  
Fulvio Perani ◽  
Giovanni Ficarra ◽  
Fabio Trimarchi ◽  
Alessandra Bitto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Intervention Trials

: Vascular inflammation is responsible for many cardiovascular diseases and endothelial dysfunction is often the first trigger. Many factors can contribute to alter vascular homeostasis and despite some risk factors cannot be changed, some lifestyle changes might dramatically improve vascular function. In this regards physical activity has been identified as one of the most important interventions that can positively affect endothelial dysfunction. In recent years the discovery of irisin, a novel myokine with pleiotropic effects has caught the attention of many researchers. This review summarizes the most relevant intervention trials,evaluating irisin modifications in subjects with or without cardiovascular risk factors assigned to physical activity programs, to improve cardiovascular risk markers.

Effects of Mixed Dietary Supplements on Total Plasma Homocysteine Concentrations (tHcy): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salah E. Gariballa ◽  
Sarah J. Forster ◽  
Hilary J. Powers
Keyword(s):  
Older Patients ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Plasma Homocysteine ◽  
Acute Illness ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Nutrient Supplement ◽  
Plasma Thcy

Background: Although a number of studies have reported raised total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations in free-living older people, there are no data on homocysteine response to a mixed nutrient supplement in older patients. A raised plasma homocysteine concentration in older patients is partly a reflection of their co-morbidity, including impaired renal function, and there is uncertainty about the extent to which dietary interventions can improve plasma tHcy. Aim: To determine the plasma tHcy response to dietary supplements during acute illness. Methods: Two-hundred and thirty-six hospitalized, acutely ill older patients, who were part of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial, were assigned to receive a daily oral nutritional supplement drink containing 1.3 mg of vitamin B2, 1.4 mg of vitamin B6, 1.5 μg of B12, 200 μg of folic acid, or a placebo, for 6 weeks. Outcome measures were plasma tHcy concentration at baseline, 6 weeks, and 6 months. Results: The mean plasma tHcy concentration fell among patients given the supplements (mean difference 4.1 µmol/L [95 % C.I, 0.14 to 8.03), p = 0.043], but tHcy concentration increased between 6 weeks and 6 months, after patients stopped taking the supplements [mean difference -2.0 µmol/L (95 % C.I, -03.9 to -0.18), p = 0.033]. About 46 % of patients in the placebo group and 55 % of patients in the supplement group had hyperhomocysteinemia (>14 µmol/L) at baseline compared with 45 % and 29 % at the end of the treatment period. Conclusions: A mixed nutrient supplement containing physiological amounts of B vitamins significantly reduced plasma tHcy concentrations in older patients recovering from acute illness.

HBOT Application at Cases of Gingival Inflammation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilma Robo
Keyword(s):  
Root Resorption ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Gingival Inflammation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Mechanical Therapy ◽  
The Impact

The treatment of periodontal diseases, mainly of their origin, with the most common clinical manifestation in form of gingival inflammation, is manifold and powerful, including: mechanical therapy, antibiotic, antiseptic and various approaches to treatment, which are recommended to be used within a short period of time. New therapeutic approaches have been proven as alternative treatment to conventional therapy, or in combination with conventional therapies, to reduce the number of periodontopathic pathogens in gingival sulcus. HBOT has a detrimental effect on periodontal microorganisms, as well as beneficial effects on the healing of periodontal tissue, increasing oxygen pressure in gingival pockets. Our study is aimed at reviewing the current published literature on hyperbaric oxygen therapy and focuses on role of HBOT as a therapeutic measure for the individual with periodontal disease in general and for the impact on the recovery of gingival inflammation. HBOT and periodontal treatment together, reduce up to 99% of the gram-negative anaerobic load of subgingival flora. HBOT, significantly reduces subgingival anaerobic flora. Clinical effects in 2-year follow-up of treated patients are sensitive. Reduction of gingival hemorrhage indexes, depth of peritoneum, plaque index, occurs in cases of combination of HBOT and detraction. Reduced load persists up to 2 months after therapy. The significant increase in connective tissue removal starts at the end of 2nd week, to achieve the maximum in week 3-6 of application. HBOT used for re-implantation, stimulates the healing of periodontal membrane, pulp, prevents root resorption, healing of periodontal lining tissues. HBOT, significantly reduces the hemorrhage index with 1.2 value difference, 0.7mm probe depth, reduces gingival fluid by 2. HGH exposure is increased by gingival blood flow, with a difference of 2 in measured value. The therapeutic effects of HBOT in the value of the evaluation index can be saved up to 1-year post treatment.

Augmentation Strategies for Clozapine-Resistant Patients with Schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-227
Author(s):  
Yi-Hang Chiu ◽  
Chia-Yueh Hsu ◽  
Mong-Liang Lu ◽  
Chun-Hsin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Mood Stabilizers ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Augmentation Strategies ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Augmentation Strategy ◽  
Larger Sample

Background: Clozapine has been used in treatment-resistant patients with schizophrenia. However, only 40% of patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia have response to clozapine. Many augmentation strategies have been proposed to treat those clozapine-resistant patients, but the results are inconclusive. In this review, we intended to review papers dealing with the augmentation strategies in the treatment of clozapineresistant patients with schizophrenia. Method: We reviewed randomized, double-blind, placebo- or sham-controlled trials (RCT) for clozapine-resistant patients with schizophrenia in Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane, and PubMed database from January 1990 to June 2019. Results: Antipsychotics, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, brain stimulation, such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, and other strategies, were used as an augmentation in clozapine-resistant patients with schizophrenia. Except for better evidence in memantine with 2 RCTs and cognitive behavior therapy in 2 studies to support its effectiveness, we found that all the other effective augmentations, including sulpiride, ziprasidone, duloxetine, mirtazapine, ECT, sodium benzoate, ginkgo biloba, and minocycline, had only one RCT with limited sample size. Conclusion: In this review, no definite effective augmentation strategy was found for clozapine-resistant patients. Some potential strategies with beneficial effects on psychopathology need further studies with a larger sample size to support their efficacy.

scholarly journals Consumption of Enriched Yogurt with PAF Inhibitors from Olive Pomace Affects the Major Enzymes of PAF Metabolism: A Randomized, Double Blind, Three Arm Trial

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 801
Author(s):  
Maria Detopoulou ◽  
Agathi Ntzouvani ◽  
Filio Petsini ◽  
Labrini Gavriil ◽  
Εlizabeth Fragopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Lipid Mediator ◽  
Olive Pomace ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Catabolic Enzymes ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor Acetylhydrolase ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a proinflammatory lipid mediator, plays a crucial role in the formation of the atherosclerotic plaque. Therefore, the inhibition of endothelium inflammation by nutraceuticals, such as PAF inhibitors, is a promising alternative for preventing cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of a new functional yogurt enriched with PAF inhibitors of natural origin from olive oil by-products on PAF metabolism. Ninety-two apparently healthy, but mainly overweight volunteers (35–65 years) were randomly allocated into three groups by block-randomization. The activities of PAF’s biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes were measured, specifically two isoforms of acetyl-CoA:lyso-PAF acetyltransferase (LPCATs), cytidine 5′-diphospho-choline:1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol cholinephosphotransferase (PAF-CPT) and two isoforms of platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase in leucocytes (PAF-AH) and plasma (lipoprotein associated phospholipase-A2, LpPLA2). The intake of the enriched yogurt resulted in reduced PAF-CPT and LpPLA2 activities. No difference was observed in the activities of the two isoforms of lyso PAF-AT. In conclusion, intake of yogurt enriched in PAF inhibitors could favorably modulate PAF biosynthetic and catabolic pathways.

Relation between cognitive disorders and type of physical activity: Results of the FréLE cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Dupré ◽  
N Barth ◽  
A El Moutawakkil ◽  
F Béland ◽  
F Roche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Global Test ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Few previous cohorts have studied the different type of physical activities and the degree of cognitive decline. The objective of this work was to analyze the leisure, domestic and professional activities with mild and moderate cognitive disorders in older people living in community. Methods The study used data from the longitudinal and observational study, FrèLE (FRagility: Longitudinal Study of Expressions). The collected data included: socio-demographic variables, lifestyle, and health status (frailty, comorbidities, cognitive status, depression). Cognitive decline was assessed by using: MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination) and MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment). MoCA was used with two cut-offs (26 and 17) so as to define mild and moderate cognitive disorders Physical activity was assessed by the PASE (Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly), structured in three sections: leisure, domestic and professional activities. Spline and proportional hazards regression models (Cox) were used to estimate the risk of cognitive disorders. Results At baseline, 1623 participants were included and the prevalence of cognitive disorders was 6.9% (MMSE) and 7.2% (MoCA), mild cognitive disorders was 71.3%. The mean age was 77 years, and 52% of the participants were women. After a 2 years long follow-up, we found 6.9% (MMSE) and 6% (MoCA) cognitive disorders on participants. Analyses showed that domestic activities were associated to cognitive decline (HR = 0.52 [0.28-0.94] for MMSE and HR = 0.48 [0.28-0.80] for MoCA). No association were found with leisure and professional activities, and no spline were significant with mild cognitive disorders. Conclusions Analysis showed a relationship between cognitive disorders and type of physical activity, thanks to the use of specific questionnaire of elderly and two global test of cognition. These findings will contribute to the debate on the beneficial effects of physical activity on cognition. Key messages This work allowed to compare two test of cognition and their link with physical activity. It contributes to the debate on the beneficial effects of physical activity on cognition. The work allowed us to see the effect of the different types of physical activity and the impact of the statistical method on the results.

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