Inverse association between serum antioxidant levels and inflammatory markers is moderated by adiposity: a report based on a large representative population sample of American adults

AbstractWe examined the association between plasma antioxidant levels and markers of inflammation, including C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen (FG) in US adults. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants examined between 2001 and 2002 were included, if data on CRP or FG levels. Serum vitamins A and E, two retinyl esters, and six carotenoids were measured using HPLC with photodiode array detection. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression analyses accounted for the survey design and sample weights. A total of 784 eligible participants were included; 47·5 % (n372) were men. In multivariable linear regression models, serumα-carotene,trans-β-carotene,cis-β-carotene,β-cryptoxanthin, combined lutein/zeaxanthin,trans-lycopene, retinyl palmitate,α-tocopherol, retinol and 25-hydroxy vitamin D were negatively associated with serum CRP (P<0·001 for all comparisons). Serumα-carotene,trans-β-carotene,cis-β-carotene, combined lutein/zeaxanthin,trans-lycopene,α-tocopherol, retinol and 25-hydroxy vitamin D were negatively associated with serum FG levels (P<0·001 for all comparisons). In the same model, the risk of CVD, defined as CRP levels >3 mg/l, decreased with increasing levels of antioxidants (α-carotene,trans-β-carotene,cis-β-carotene, vitamins A and E). Furthermore, we found a moderate impact of adiposity on the link between antioxidants and CRP. Our results suggest that the lower the antioxidants levels, the higher the inflammatory burden, based on CRP and FG levels. Adiposity moderately affects this association. Furthermore, an inverse relationship between CVD risk and antioxidant levels was observed. This finding suggests that reduced levels of vitamins with antioxidant properties may predispose to increased CVD risk.

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Abstract P228: Abdominal Lean Muscle Mass is Associated with the Density, but Not the Volume, of Coronary Arterial Calcium and Abdominal Aortic Calcium

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.133.suppl_1.p228 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Margaret A Crawford ◽

Matthew A Allison ◽

Michael H Criqui ◽

Britta A Larsen

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Abdominal Muscle ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Lean Muscle Mass ◽

Abdominal Aortic ◽

Liver And Kidney

Introduction: Higher volume of coronary arterial calcium (CAC) and abdominal aortic calcium (AAC) are predictive of incident CVD, while higher density of CAC and AAC are associated with lower risk. The purpose of the present study was to determine the associations of abdominal lean muscle mass (ALMM) with CAC volume, CAC density, AAC volume, and AAC density. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that abdominal muscle mass would be negatively associated with CAC and AAC volume but positively associated with CAC and AAC density. Methods: The current study analyzed data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) in those participants who underwent abdominal computed tomography (CT) to assess for AAC, which was also analyzed for volumes of fat (visceral and subcutaneous) and ALMM (psoas, rectus abdominis, obliques, and paraspinus). CAC and AAC were scored separately, for density and for volume. Results: Analyses were restricted to participants who had non-zero CAC or AAC volumes. The sample sizes for the CAC analyses and AAC analyses were 963 and 1283 subjects, respectively. For the CAC analyses, 39.4% (379 of 963) were female and the mean age was 66.4 years. Mean ± SD CAC volume was 218.52 ± 344.19 (range 2.34- 3244.77 mm 3 ) ; Mean ± SD CAC density was 2.70 ± .72 (range 0.83- 4.0 Hu category units). Mean ± SD AAC volume was 1402.33 ± 1888 (range 4.68- 15822.2 mm 3 ); mean ± SD AAC density was 3.02 ± .63 (range 0.83- 4.0 Hu category units). In multivariable linear regression models that controlled for age, race, gender, CVD risk factors, visceral fat, and liver and kidney markers, both CAC and AAC density were found to be significantly associated with abdominal lean muscle mass. For every 100 cm 2 increase of ALMM, CAC density decreased by .35 Hu category units (p < .05). For every 100 cm 2 increase of ALMM, AAC density decreased by .26 Hu category units (p < .05). Conversely, CAC and AAC volume were not significantly associated with abdominal lean muscle mass in final models. Conclusion: Higher levels of ALMM were associated with lower CAC and AAC density, but not volume. Contrary to expectation, we found an inverse association of ALMM with CAC and AAC density, independent of relevant CVD risk factors.

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Illness Uncertainty in Patients Awaiting Liver Transplant

Western Journal of Nursing Research ◽

10.1177/0193945920952059 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 019394592095205

Author(s):

Donald E. Bailey ◽

Jia Yao ◽

Qing Yang

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Liver Transplant ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Regression Models ◽

Well Being ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Illness Uncertainty ◽

Negatively Associated ◽

Uncertainty In Illness ◽

Uncertainty Score

Illness uncertainty is prevalent in patients awaiting liver transplant. We described high levels of illness uncertainty in these patients and examined relationships between uncertainty and person factors and the antecedents of uncertainty. Mishel uncertainty in illness scale was used to measure illness uncertainty. We used modes and interquartile range (IQR) to describe illness uncertainty levels in 115 patients. Multiple logistic and linear regression models estimated the associations of uncertainty with hypothesized antecedents. High total illness uncertainty score was reported by 15.6% of the patients. After adjusting for all variables, illness uncertainty was associated with two antecedents of uncertainty, low social well-being (OR = 0.816; p = .025) and low self-efficacy (OR = 0.931; p = .013). Complexity was negatively associated with social well-being; ambiguity and inconsistency were negatively associated with self-efficacy. One in seven patients experienced high illness uncertainty. Social well-being and self-efficacy were negatively related to illness uncertainty.

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Identifying Influences on Catch-up Growth Using Relative versus Absolute Metrics: Evidence from the MAL-ED Study (P10-014-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz034.p10-014-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Stephanie Richard ◽

Benjamin McCormick ◽

Laura Murray-Kolb ◽

Laura Caulfield

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Relative Difference ◽

Maternal Height ◽

Z Score ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Negatively Associated ◽

Growth Standards ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Catch Up ◽

Protein Density

Abstract Objectives To identify factors associated with improvement (‘catch-up’) in height and weight from 24–60 mo of age, and to determine whether associated factors differ depending on the metric used (absolute or relative difference from WHO growth standards). Methods At seven MAL-ED sites, 942 children had anthropometry data at 24 and 60 mo, as well as information about socioeconomic status, maternal height, gut permeability (lactulose-mannitol z-score (LMZ)), dietary intake from 9–24 mo, and micronutrient status. Anthropometric changes were categorized in terms of positive changes in Height- or Weight for-Age Z-score (HAZ, WAZ) or their differences (HAD, WAD) and recovery from stunting/underweight, and then modeled using multivariate linear regression. Results 42% of the children were stunted at 24 or 60 mo, and 24% of the children were underweight at 24 or 60 mo. 44% of the children who were stunted at 24 mo were not at 60 mo, and 34% of those underweight at 24 mo were no longer at 60 mo. Among the sites, 49–92% of children had positive changes in their HAZ, whereas 25–60% had positive changes in HAD. Linear regression models indicate that female sex (-0.21 HAZ (95% CI -0.27, -0.15); -0.75 HAD (95% CI -1.07, -0.43)) and mean LMZ (-0.10 HAZ (95% CI -0.16, -0.04); -0.47 HAD (95% CI -0.73, -0.21)) were negatively associated with change in both HAZ and HAD, whereas maternal height was positively associated with change in both HAZ and HAD (0.09 HAZ (95% CI 0.03, 0.15); 0.45 HAD (95% CI 0.15, 0.75)). Similar relationships were identified for change in WAZ and WAD. Dietary protein density was negatively associated with change in WAZ and WAD (-0.05 WAZ (95% CI -0.09, -0.01); -0.11 WAD (95% CI -0.21, -0.01)), and plasma transferrin receptor concentration was positively associated with change in WAZ and WAD (0.02 WAZ (95% CI 0.0, 0.04); 0.04 WAD (95% CI 0.0, 0.08)). Conclusions Children in the MAL-ED study demonstrated recovery from stunting and underweight from 24 to 60 mo of age. Given the similarities in the factors associated with changes in HAZ and HAD (and WAZ and WAD), both be used as complementary approaches to characterize and explain catch-up growth during early childhood. Funding Sources The MAL-ED study was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, with grants to the Foundation for the NIH and NIH/FIC.

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Association of serum 25-Hydroxy vitamin D with total and regional adiposity and cardiometabolic traits

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0243850 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. e0243850

Author(s):

Reka Karuppusami ◽

Belavendra Antonisami ◽

Senthil K. Vasan ◽

Mahasampath Gowri ◽

Hepsy Y. Selliah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fat Depots ◽

Total Fat ◽

Regional Adiposity ◽

Cardiometabolic Traits

Background Lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is associated with greater adiposity and adverse cardiometabolic risk profile. The evidence is inconsistent among South Asian Indians. We aimed to examine associations between 25(OH)D and cardiovascular (CVD) risk markers in a rural and urban cohort from South India. Subjects/Methods In this cross sectional study, 373 individuals (men, n = 205) underwent detailed CVD risk marker assessment including anthropometry [body mass index (BMI), waist, (WC) and hip circumferences (HC)], body composition analysis using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), blood pressure and biochemical analysis (glucose, insulin and lipids). The distribution of CVD risk factors were compared across serum 25(OH)D levels, stratified as deficiency (<20 ng/ml), insufficiency (20 to 29 ng/ml) and normal (≥30 ng/ml) levels. Multiple regression analysis, adjusting for potential confounders, was used to study associations of 25(OH)D with adiposity and cardiometabolic traits. Results The mean and standard deviation (SD) of age, BMI and 25(OH)D levels were 41.4 (1.1) years, 25.5 (4.8) kg/m2 and 23.4 (10.4) ng/ml respectively. The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency was 39.9% in this cohort. Individuals in the 25(OH)D deficiency category had significantly higher mean (SD) BMI [26.6 (5.1) kg/m2], waist circumference [89.9 (12.5) cm] and total fat mass [20.6 (7.9) kg] compared with the Vitamin D sufficient group [BMI: 24.0 (4.4); WC 84.7 (12.0); total fat mass: 15.2 (6.8)]. Significantly inverse associations were observed with DXA measured total and regional fat depots with 25(OH)D levels, while anthropometric indices of adiposity showed significant inverse association only in women. After adjusting for total fat mass, no significant associations were observed between 25(OH)D and the cardiometabolic traits. Conclusions Our results confirm that lower 25(OH)D is independently associated with both total and regional adiposity, but not with cardiometabolic traits, in this population.

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Physiological Aldosterone Concentrations Are Associated with Alterations of Lipid Metabolism: Observations from the General Population

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2018/4128174 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M. Hannich ◽

H. Wallaschofski ◽

M. Nauck ◽

M. Reincke ◽

C. Adolf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

General Population ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Standard Error ◽

Regression Models ◽

Adult Population ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Linear Regression Models

Objective. Aldosterone and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are involved in many pathophysiological processes that contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Previously, associations between the concentrations of aldosterone and certain components of the lipid metabolism in the peripheral circulation were suggested, but data from the general population is sparse. We therefore aimed to assess the associations between aldosterone and HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol, triglycerides, or non-HDL-C in the general adult population. Methods. Data from 793 men and 938 women aged 25–85 years who participated in the first follow-up of the Study of Health in Pomerania were obtained. The associations of aldosterone with serum lipid concentrations were assessed in multivariable linear regression models adjusted for sex, age, body mass index (BMI), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and HbA1c. Results. The linear regression models showed statistically significant positive associations of aldosterone with LDL-C (β-coefficient = 0.022, standard error = 0.010, p=0.03) and non-HDL-C (β-coefficient = 0.023, standard error = 0.009, p=0.01) as well as an inverse association of aldosterone with HDL-C (β-coefficient = −0.022, standard error = 0.011, p=0.04). Conclusions. The present data show that plasma aldosterone is positively associated with LDL-C and non-HDL-C and inversely associated with HDL-C in the general population. Our data thus suggests that aldosterone concentrations within the physiological range may be related to alterations of lipid metabolism.

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Serum Transaminase Concentrations and the Presence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Are Associated with Serum 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Concentrations in Adolescent Girls Who Are Overweight and Obese

Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1159/000484634 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 71 (3-4) ◽

pp. 234-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Sayyed Saeid Khayyatzadeh ◽

Hassanali Vatanparast ◽

Amir Avan ◽

Mohammad Bagherniya ◽

Afsane Bahrami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Activity Level ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

25 Hydroxy Vitamin D ◽

Obese Subjects ◽

Irritable Bowel

Background/Aims: Vitamin D deficiency has become endemic globally and its etiology is complex. Few studies have investigated the determinants of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OH D). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between lifestyle patterns, liver functional tests (LFTs), and the presence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with serum 25-OH D in apparently healthy girls. Methods: This cross-sectional study was undertaken in 965 adolescent girls aged 12–18 years. IBS was diagnosed using the Rome III questionnaire. An electrochemiluminescence method was used to measure serum 25-OH D. LFTs were measured using commercial kits and an auto analyzer. Linear regression and univariate analyses were performed to determine the association between continuous and categorical variables with serum 25-OH D respectively. Results: Serum 25-OH D was significantly higher in normal weight subjects compared to either overweight or obese subjects (9.5 ± 7.02 vs. 7.9 ± 5.7 ng/mL, p = 0.03). Physical activity level was positively associated with serum 25-OH D in overweight and obese subjects (β = 0.15, p < 0.05). An inverse relationship was found between the presence of IBS and 25-OH D in both normal (β = –1.95, p < 0.05), overweight and obese subjects (β = –1.83, p < 0.05). Serum alanine transaminase (ALT; β = –0.19, p < 0.05) and aspartate transaminase (β = –0.17, p < 0.05) were inversely associated with serum 25-OH in overweight and obese subjects. Conclusions: Individuals with IBS had significantly lower serum 25-OH D concentrations. In addition, there was an inverse association between serum ALT and 25-OH D. Prospective studies, and perhaps interventional trials, will be required to clarify these associations.

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Associations between serum calcium, 25(OH)D level and bone mineral density in adolescents

Advances in Rheumatology ◽

10.1186/s42358-021-00174-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kaiyu Pan ◽

Rongliang Tu ◽

Xiaocong Yao ◽

Zhongxin Zhu

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Serum Calcium ◽

Curve Fitting ◽

Smooth Curve ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Positive Correlation

Abstract Backgrounds It is important to improve our understanding of the roles of calcium and vitamin D in bone health for preventing osteoporosis. We aimed at exploring the associations between serum calcium, vitamin D level, and bone mineral density (BMD) in adolescents included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001–2006. Methods Weighted multivariate linear regression models were used to estimate the associations of serum calcium, 25(OH)D level with total BMD. Smooth curve fitting was used to explore the potential non-linear relationship. Results A total of 5990 individuals aged between 12 and 19 years were included in this study. The fully-adjusted model showed serum calcium positively correlated with total BMD. However, an inverted U-shaped relationship was found when we performed the smooth curve fitting method, and the inflection point was calculated at 9.6 mg/dL using the two-piecewise linear regression model. In contrast, there was a positive correlation between serum 25(OH)D and total BMD after adjusting for potential confounders. Conclusions The present study revealed a positive correlation between serum 25(OH)D level and total BMD, and an inverted U-shaped relationship between serum calcium and total BMD.

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Seasonal Polymorphism in Elytral Coloration Pattern of Anomala flavipennis Burmeister (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Mexico

Journal of Entomological Science ◽

10.18474/0749-8004-39.4.545 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 545-550 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Luis A. Rodríguez-del-Bosque

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Significant Interaction ◽

Regression Models ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Weighted Mean ◽

Coloration Pattern ◽

Northeastern Mexico ◽

Coloration Patterns

Elytral polychromatism in Anomala flavipennis Burmeister was detected in both spring and fall generations in northeastern Mexico from 2000 to 2002. Four distinctive coloration patterns were observed: (a) immaculated, (b) one-spotted, (c) two-spotted, and (d) striped. These categories were represented by 0, 1.4, 7.8, and 28.0% respective levels of melanization of elytral area. A significant interaction was detected between elytral pattern and generation, with melanized forms occurring more commonly during the spring and clearer forms during the fall. Weighted mean of elytral melanized area in the population ranged from 1.46% for fall to 7.80% for spring generations. Linear regression models suggested (R2 ≥ 0.93) an inverse association between temperature during pupation-adult ecdysis and elytral melanized area. The rationale and advantage for A. flavipennis responding to temperature by elytral melanization remain unknown, particularly because of the crepuscular-nocturnal habits of adults.

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Higher maternal parathyroid hormone concentration at delivery is not associated with smaller newborn size

Endocrine Connections ◽

10.1530/ec-21-0056 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 345-357

Author(s):

Huma Qamar ◽

Nandita Perumal ◽

Eszter Papp ◽

Alison D Gernand ◽

Abdullah Al Mahmud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Parathyroid Hormone ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Path Analysis ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Birth Size ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Negatively Associated ◽

Analysis Models

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) reflects inadequate growth in-utero and is prevalent in low resource settings. This study aimed to assess the association of maternal delivery parathyroid hormone (PTH) – a regulator of bone turnover and calcium homeostasis – with newborn anthropometry, to identify regulators of PTH, and to delineate pathways by which maternal PTH regulates birth size using path analysis. This was a cross-sectional analysis of data from participants (n = 537) enrolled in the Maternal Vitamin D for Infant Growth trial in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Primary exposures were maternal delivery intact PTH (iPTH) or whole PTH (wPTH) and outcomes were gestational age- and sex-standardized z-scores for birth length (LAZ), weight (WAZ), and head circumference (HCAZ). Hypothesized regulators of PTH included calcium and protein intake, vitamin D, magnesium, fibroblast-like growth factor-23 (FGF23), and C-reactive protein. Maternal iPTH was not associated with birth size in linear regression analyses; however, in path analysis models, every SD increase in log(iPTH) was associated with 0.08SD (95% CI: 0.002, 0.162) higher LAZ. In linear regression and path analysis models, wPTH was positively associated with WAZ. Vitamin D suppressed PTH, while FGF23 was positively associated with PTH. In path analysis models, higher magnesium was negatively associated with LAZ; FGF23 was positively associated and protein intake was negatively associated with LAZ, WAZ, and HCAZ. Higher maternal PTH in late pregnancy is unlikely to contribute to IUGR. Future studies should investigate maternal FGF23, magnesium and protein intake as regulators of fetal growth, particularly in settings where food insecurity and IUGR are public health problems.

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Associations Between Breastfeeding and Postpartum Allostatic Load: NHANES 1999–2016

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa054_078 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1006-1006

Author(s):

Bi-sek Hsiao ◽

Lindiwe Sibeko

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Allostatic Load ◽

Maternal Stress ◽

Current Evidence ◽

First Year ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Poverty Status ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

Allostatic Load Score

Abstract Objectives Current evidence suggests breastfeeding has a modulating effect on maternal stress. We aimed to examine the association between breastfeeding and maternal allostatic load, a marker of chronic stress and adverse health, among women within one year postpartum, using nationally representative data. We hypothesized that women who were breastfeeding had lower allostatic load compared to women who were not breastfeeding. Methods A cross sectional analysis of nine waves of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999–2016) was conducted on a sample of 1203 women >18 years old, within their first year postpartum, who provided information on breastfeeding status through the reproductive health questionnaire. An allostatic load score (range 0–10) was derived for each participant based on ten biomarkers reflecting metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune health. Simple linear regression was used to test bivariate associations between potential confounders and allostatic load. Confounders were then incorporated into multiple linear regression models. The final model tested associations between breastfeeding and allostatic load, adjusting for maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, and poverty status. Results Our findings showed that breastfeeding had a significant inverse association with allostatic load in unadjusted and adjusted models. Furthermore, controlling for age, race/ethnicity, education, and poverty status, we found that breastfeeding women had 0.2727 points lower allostatic load score than non-breastfeeding women (ß = −0.2727, SE = 0.0958, P = 0.0045). Conclusions Our study suggests breastfeeding is protective of maternal stress, demonstrating an inverse association with allostatic load among women during the first year postpartum. Our results provide a more comprehensive picture of breastfeeding's influence on multiple body systems, exemplifying physiological benefits beyond effects on single biomarkers. Funding Sources No funding was used to support this study.

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