Excretory behaviour in soft scales (Hemiptera: Coccidae)

1980 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Williams ◽  
D. J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Effect ◽  
The Body

AbstractThe liquid excrement of many Homoptera, which often accumulates as honeydew, can be harmful to the insects that produce it. Disposal of excrement to avoid or reduce its harmful effect is therefore important. The methods of disposing of excrement in Coccidae are described. These insects have an anal apparatus for propulsion of excrement away from the body. The musculature of the rectum is not involved in this act. Attendance by ants modifies excretory behaviour in Coccidae, much as it does in Aphididae.

scholarly journals Monitoring the effects of exposure to lead and cadmium in working and living environment through standard biochemical blood parameters and liver endonucleases activity

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruzica Nikolic ◽  
Jasmina Jovanovic ◽  
Gordana Kocic ◽  
Tatjana Cvetkovic ◽  
Svetlana Stojanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lead Contamination ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
High Level

Heavy metals as pollutants in the working and living environment are a serious health and environmental problem because they are toxic, non-biodegradable, accumulate in living systems and have a long half-life in soil. Sources of lead contamination are combustion products in the chemical industry and metallurgy, industrial waste water, landfills, traffic etc. Lead enters into the body via the food chain and drinking water. In the body lead is deposited in the liver, kidneys, brain and mineral tissues. Excretion of lead causes damage to the epithelial cells of certain organs. High level exposure to cadmium is usually the result of environmental pollution by human activities. Exposure to cadmium can lead to acute and chronic tissue damage of various organs, including liver and kidneys in humans and in animals. In this paper we analyzed the effects of lead and cadmium exposure, in working and living environment, on the model system of experimental animals, particularly the activity of certain liver enzymes, acid and alkaline DNase, and standard biochemical blood parameters. The study showed that lead and cadmium significantly affect the protein content, red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit, and the activity of liver enzymes. This harmful effect of this toxic metal can be reduced by the supplements.

scholarly journals A Narrative Review on Disinfection Tunnel for Covid-19: A Friend or Foe?

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Nik Him Nik Ahmad Shaiffudin ◽  
Nik Arif Nik Mohamad ◽  
Azizul Fadzli Jusoh ◽  
Radhir Sham Mohamad ◽  
Aminudin Abu
Keyword(s):  
Drug Administration ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Technical Design ◽  
Potential Approach ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
False Sense ◽  
Innovative Idea ◽  
Keyword Searches

Abstract T The use of a disinfection tunnel has become increasingly popular to eliminate the Covid-19 on the body particularly during the pandemic, however insufficient attention paid to its effectiveness and safety. We undertake a narrative review on the disinfection tunnel and evaluate their effectiveness and safety. The keyword searches of Medline, EMBASE, PubMed, EBM reviews database and manual searches of Google Scholar and US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) was used. An analysis of the papers reviewed were categorized into three main themes: technical design of disinfection tunnel; effectiveness of disinfectant used; and safety or harmful effect. To date, no relevant specific scientific studies or evidence retrieved about disinfection tunnel for public usage including effectiveness and safety. We found a various designs of disinfection in the market today. It mainly originated from an innovative idea to assist in limiting the spread of Covid-19. However, current available evidence does not support its effectiveness and safety. Although it may lead to a false sense of security, this potential approach appears attractive thus creates an opportunity for further research.

scholarly journals Biological Chemistry and Physiopathology of Metabolism During Fever

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 3399-3402
Author(s):  
Cristian Onisor ◽  
Dana Tutunaru ◽  
Ciprian Adrian Dinu ◽  
Camelia Ana Grigore ◽  
Ingrith Crenguta Miron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Thermal Reaction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Biological Chemistry ◽  
General Reaction ◽  
Infectious Origin ◽  
General Rules

Physiopathology determines the causes and conditions of pathological processes, in other words, of aetiology, as well as the mechanisms of their production, namely pathogenesis; this discipline studies the general reactions of the organism, regardless of the form of the disease by which they would manifest themselves; it also studies the general rules for the occurrence and evolution of the disorders of the functions of different systems which depend on the properties of the whole organism. The tasks of physiopathology become clearer when we compare it with the tasks of the clinical investigation. Physiopathology clarifies the causes and the mechanism of the onset of a thermal reaction of the body, such as fever; the clinical part, in this case, deals with certain well-defined forms of febrile disorders, especially of infectious origin. Physiopathology studies the general rules of occurrence and development of the inflammatory process, while the clinical disciplines investigate a number of diseases caused by different forms of inflammation. Physiopathology is closely related to biology. The personal clinical study was carried out during the period 2016-2018 on a sample of 362 patients, who showed changes in the functions of different systems and organs during fever. The problem of the influence of fever, seen as a general reaction of the organism to the action of infectious agents, is of major importance in clarifying the role of fever as a reaction of adaptation in the fight of the body against infection, and it largely determines its treatment. Excessive temperature increase, as well as a sudden drop, can exert a harmful effect on the body.

scholarly journals Acute and subacute toxicity tests of goat bile in BALB/c mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-520
Author(s):  
Heny Arwati ◽  
Windya T. Hapsari ◽  
Kartika A. Wardhani ◽  
Kholida N. Aini ◽  
Ramadhani R. Bahalwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Hematology Parameters

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicity of goat bile in BALB/c mice since some Indonesian people consume raw goat gallbladder to treat malaria and increase stamina. Materials and Methods: Acute toxicity test was done in six groups of BALB/c mice using 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, and 6.75% of goat bile and negative control. The death of mice was observed within 14 days. In the subacute toxicity test, the body weight and hematology parameters on day 0 and day 4 post-treatment were evaluated. The mice were closely observed for 28 days before plasma collection for the blood biochemistry evaluation. Results: Mild diarrhea was observed in acute and subacute toxicity tests. No death of mice was observed in acute test. Goat bile did not inhibit the increase of the body weight of mice. A slight reduction in hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in mice treated with 25% and 50% goat bile, however, remained normal in mice treated with 100% goat bile. The red and white blood cell count were not affected. Liver and kidney functions were not affected by goat bile treatment as revealed by the plasma level of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine, which remained in the normal range. Conclusion: Goat bile treatment in BALB/c mice caused mild toxicity in mice. Hydrophobic bile acids may cause the toxicity of goat bile in mice; therefore, it is recommended that goat bile consumption not to be taken oftenly to avoid its harmful effect.

scholarly journals An analysis of the impact of agricultural tractor seat cushion materials to the level of exposure to vibration

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boban Cvetanovic ◽  
Dragan Cvetković ◽  
Momir Praščević ◽  
Miljan Cvetković ◽  
Milan Pavlović
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Seat Cushion ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Agricultural Tractor ◽  
Tractor Engine

During everyday operations with tractors, drivers are exposed to harmful effects of various factors. In addition to unfavourable temperature and humidity, dust and noise, one of the factors harmful to driver’s health is vibrations. They come from the tractor engine and from the roughness of the ground and are transferred to the cab and through the seat to the body of the driver. In case of high level magnitude vibrations and a long period of exposure to them, many health problems occur. The harmful effect of the vibrations is especially obvious in older models of tractors. High intensities of vibrations (above permitted limits) were found during the measurements of vibrations at the driver seat in such tractors. This study is an attempt to reduce the vibration levels using various vibration-absorbing components, such as cushions, at driver’s seat. The results of the measurements showed that the vibration levels were significantly lower in comparison to original seats.

Dietary Silymarin (silybum marianum) to Improve The Health Status of Layer Chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (06) ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Mushtaq Talib Abdulwahid ◽  
◽  
Huda Hameed K. Alabbody ◽  
Hussein Ali Rashid ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Layer Chickens

The study aimed to evaluate silymarin material (SM) in reducing the damage in the body caused by residual aflatoxin as well as to improve the health status and quality of the produced eggs in laying hens which were fed on a contaminated diet with aflatoxin. The experiment was conducted on 120 layer chickens (ISA Brown” strain) aged 240-day were randomly divided into three equal groups (40 hens). The first group was fed a basal diet free of aflatoxin. The 2nd group fed on contaminated diet with aflatoxin (14.6 ppb) while the 3rd group fed on the same diet (in 2nd group) with 0.5% of silymarin/kg feed. Ten hens from each group were slaughtered at the end of the experiment for the histopathological examination to evaluate the harmful effect of aflatoxin in tissues (liver, spleen and intestine) as well as, estimated the production and quality of the produced eggs during experiment study. Abnormal visible symptoms observed on 2nd group include decreased in feed intake and body weight, as well as, in some there was abnormal pigmentation (comb and wattles). The most frequent effects on eggs were poor egg quality as decreased egg production, reduced egg size, thin or rough egg shell. The most common pathological lesions associated with aflatoxin residue in chickens were found in liver, spleen and intestine organs. In advanced cases, these organs become enlarged, swollen and changed colour into yellowish. While in the 3rd group, the macroscopic examination of the same organs was less pronounced and almost invisible. We conclude that silymarin has a significant effect and is highly effective in repairing the damage caused by aflatoxin to the body tissues of laying hens. The production in terms of the quantity and quality of eggs was not affected as well as, improving the health status.

scholarly journals Effects of Data-Loggers Implanted for a Full Year in Female Common Eiders

The Condor ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 448-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magella Guillemette ◽  
Anthony J. Woakes ◽  
Annette Flagstad ◽  
Patrick J. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Somateria Mollissima ◽  
Aerodynamic Properties ◽  
Data Loggers ◽  
Common Eiders ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Data-loggers can be implanted into the body cavities of birds to monitor their physiology and behavior. This technology opens the potential for year-round monitoring, as long as data-loggers can be retrieved one year later and the implantation does not alter the bird's health or behavior. We tested the impact of carrying data-loggers on reproductive parameters of nine female Common Eiders breeding in the Baltic Sea. We minimized disturbance and maximized return rates of experimental females by implanting data-loggers during the second half of the incubation period and by choosing early breeders, which were presumably high quality individuals. All experimental females came back to the study plot the year following implantation. Using a before-after approach applied to an experimental and a control group, we found no evidence that carrying data-loggers had any harmful effect on laying dates, clutch sizes, or hatching success of experimental females. It appears that data-loggers implanted in the body cavities of female Common Eiders do not interfere with their reproductive activities. Explanations for this result are that data-loggers are small compared to body mass (<1%), and their implantation into the body cavity does not alter the hydrodynamic or aerodynamic properties of these diving birds. Efectos de Medidores Implantados por un Año Completo en Hembras de Somateria mollissima Resumen. Pequeños medidores (i.e., “data-loggers”) pueden ser implantados en las cavidades corporales de las aves para monitorear su fisiología y comportamiento. Esta tecnología abre el potencial para realizar monitoreos a lo largo del año, siempre y cuando los medidores puedan ser recuperados un año más tarde y éstos no afecten la salud o el comportamiento de las aves. Evaluamos el impacto de llevar medidores sobre parámetros reproductivos de nueve hembras de la especie Somateria mollissima que se estaban reproduciendo en el Mar Báltico. Minimizamos el disturbio y maximizamos las tasas de retorno de las hembras experimentales implantando los medidores durante la segunda mitad del período de incubación y escogiendo aquellas que se reprodujeron al comienzo de la estación, que presumiblemente eran individuos de alta calidad. Todas las hembras experimentales regresaron al sitio de estudio al año siguiente de la implantación. Utilizando un método de antes y después aplicado a un grupo experimental y a uno de control, no encontramos evidencia de que llevar medidores tenga algún efecto negativo sobre la fecha de postura, el tamaño de la nidada o el éxito de eclosión de las hembras experimentales. Al parecer, los medidores implantados en las cavidades corporales de las hembras de S. mollissima no interfieren con sus actividades reproductivas. Las explicaciones para este resultado son que los medidores son pequeños en comparación con la masa corporal (<1%), y que su implantación en la cavidad corporal no altera las propiedades hidrodinámicas ni aerodinámicas de estas aves buceadoras.

scholarly journals Impact of alcohol consumption on the health of pregnant women and their children – a review of studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-210
Author(s):  
Marta Dulęba ◽  
◽  
Małgorzata Chądzyńska ◽  
Barbara Kozakiewicz ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Harmful Effects

Introduction: Alcohol is one of the strongest teratogens. Since the 1960s, information campaigns have been conducted to address its harmful effect and promote quitting drinking, especially by pregnant women. The aim of this paper includes a review of literature concerning research on alcohol use by pregnant women and learning about their knowledge of the detrimental effects of ethanol on the health of themselves and their unborn children. This paper shall also assess social campaigns devoted to informing this group of women about the harmful effects of alcohol consumption. Description of state of knowledge: The review explicitly confirmed data on the harmful effect of alcohol on the formation of morphological and behavioural changes stigmatising children, which are not always visible from birth, and often take the form characteristic of foetal alcohol syndrome only in schoolchildren. The results of molecular and psychological tests have raised the question as to whether the acceptable limits for blood alcohol content in pregnant women should be established. The toxic effects of alcohol and its metabolites depend not only on the amount consumed, but also on the body condition, style of drinking, and age. Summary: Studies covering 11 European countries have shown that drinking alcohol during pregnancy is more and more common, especially in better-educated women with higher earnings and from larger cities. Therefore, information campaigns that stress the harmfulness of the so-called risky drinking by pregnant women should be targeted primarily at this group.

scholarly journals Estimation and Removal of Hazardous Aromatic Amines by the Oxidation with NaIO4 Spectrophotometrically : A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Payal Rathi
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Aromatic Amines ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Carcinogenic Compound

Many aromatic amines are the toxic in nature and impact a harmful effect in the body. Conversion of such carcinogenic aromatic amines in to other non carcinogenic compound by the oxidation process through sodium meta periodate is a good attempt in this way. Spectrophotometric method have been used for achieve the optimum condition and the estimation of aromatic amines.

scholarly journals HIGH-INTENSITY LOW-FREQUENCY ACOUSTIC VIBRATIONS HAVE THE CRITICAL EFFECT ON THE LUNGS

Akustika ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Valery Zinkin ◽  
Irina Vasilyeva ◽  
Vladimir Bespalov ◽  
Aleksandr Osetrov
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Acoustic Vibrations

The paper summarizes the findings of experimental studies on animals and literature data to show the characteristics of the lungs exposure to low-frequency acoustic vibrations. Experimental studies were performed on laboratory animals of different species (mice, rats, rabbits, dogs) exposed to low-frequency acoustic vibrations on the test bench set for several months. To assess lung injury, broncho-alveolar lavage, surfactant, biologically active substances in the tissues of the lung, extracellular low-molecular blood DNA were investigated, computerized tomography and postmortem methods were used. It has been established that that prolonged action of high-intensity low-frequency acoustic waves leads to structural damage to the lung parenchyma, lung airiness disorder, bronchi patency and metabolic functions of the lungs. The revealed disorders can serve as a structural basis for the development of such lung diseases as chronic non-specific lung disease of the obstructive bronchitis and/or focal emphysema type. Morphological and functional parameters of the lungs can be considered as criteria for the harmful effect of low-frequency acoustic vibrations on the human body and animals. The obtained experimental data allow us to formulate the concept of the mechanisms of the harmful effect of this physical factor on the lungs. The respiratory system is a critical organ in relation to low-frequency acoustic vibrations. It is necessary to correct the ideas of professional ‘noise’ pathology with regard to the damage to the hearing organ only in the form of neurosensory hearing loss. As it can be seen from the presented findings, the nature of disorders in the body is determined by the noise parameters (intensity, duration and spectral composition).

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